Learning Area Science Grade Level 9

WEEK 4 Quarter 4th Date May 22-26, 2023

LESSON TITLE PROJECTILE MOTION
MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING
Describe the horizontal and vertical motions of a projectile.
COMPETENCIES (MELCs)

What is Projectile?
A projectile is any object thrown into space upon which the only acting force is gravity. The primary force acting
on a projectile is gravity. This doesn’t necessarily mean that other forces do not act on it, just that their effect is
minimal compared to gravity. The path followed by a projectile is known as a trajectory. A baseball batted or
thrown is an example of a projectile.

What Is Projectile Motion?

When a particle is thrown obliquely near the earth’s surface, it moves along a curved path under constant
acceleration directed towards the center of the earth. The path of such a particle is called a projectile, and the
motion is called projectile motion.

There are the two components of the projectile's motion - horizontal and vertical motion. The combination of the two
motions gives rise to the parabolic trajectory.

Along the x-axis: uniform velocity, responsible for the horizontal (forward) motion of the particle.
Along the y-axis: uniform acceleration, responsible for the vertical (downwards) motion of the particle.

PROJECTILE FIRED HORIZONTALLY

Consider the cannonball launched by a cannon from the top
of a very high cliff. Suppose that the cannonball is launched
horizontally with no upward angle whatsoever and with an
initial velocity of 20 m/s. Velocity is defined as a vector
measurement of the rate and direction of motion. If there
were no gravity, the cannonball would continue in motion at
20 m/s in the horizontal direction. Yet in actuality, gravity
causes the cannonball to accelerate downwards at a rate of
9.8 m/s/s (or 9.8 m/s2). This means that the vertical velocity is
changing by 9.8 m/s every second.

If a vector diagram (showing the velocity of the cannonball

at 1-second intervals of time) is used to represent how the x- and y-components of the velocity of the cannonball
is changing with time, then x- and y- velocity vectors could be drawn and their magnitudes labeled. The lengths
of the vector arrows are representative of the magnitudes of that quantity.

The important concept depicted in the above vector diagram is that the horizontal velocity remains constant
during the course of the trajectory and the vertical velocity changes by 9.8 m/s every second.
PROJECTILE FIRED AT AN ANGLE
But what if the projectile is launched upward at an
angle to the horizontal? How would the horizontal
and vertical velocity values change with time? How
would the numerical values differ from the previously
shown diagram for a horizontally launched projectile?
The diagram below reveals the answers to these
questions. The diagram depicts an object launched
upward with a velocity of 75.7 m/s at an angle of 15
degrees above the horizontal. For such an initial
velocity, the object would initially be moving 19.6 m/s,
upward and 73.1 m/s, rightward.

Again, the important concept depicted in the above diagram is that the horizontal velocity remains constant
during the course of the trajectory and the vertical velocity changes by 9.8 m/s every second.

The angle of release affects the range and height of a projectile. The maximum range is achieved if the projectile
is fired at an angle of 45º with respect to the horizontal as shown in the diagram above. An object launched at
an angle of 30º will also be the same if it is launched at 60º. The angles 30º and 60º are called complementary
angles because they add up to 90º.

As the angle of launch increases, the vertical displacement of the projectile will also increase. At the highest
point, the vertical component of velocity is zero and the time to reach the maximum height is half of the total time
of flight.

Projectile In Sports
Have you experienced throwing or kicking a ball? So,
what have you observed? Can you describe the path
of the ball?

Projectile motion can apply to sports like basketball,

volleyball, and football. These sports involve
throwing and kicking a ball. And they are all making
a curved path in midair. This curved path made by
the ball is called a projectile, a motion with two-
dimensions; the horizontal (range or distance) and
vertical (height) components.
 ACTIVITY 1
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Direction: Choose the BEST answer for the following questions. Write the letter of the correct answer.

_____1. What is projectile motion? _____5. What happens to the horizontal velocity of an
A. Projectile motion is the motion of an object object as it travels through the air?
projected into the air and moving under the influence A. Changes continuously
of gravity. B.Gradually decreasing
B. Projectile motion is the motion of an object C. Gradually increasing
projected into the air and moving independently of D. Remains the same
gravity.
C. Projectile motion is the motion of an object _____6. What do you call the path followed by an object
projected vertically upward into the air and moving under projectile motion?
under the influence of gravity. A. Project C. Target
D. Projectile motion is the motion of an object B. Projectile D. Trajectory
projected horizontally into the air and moving
independently of gravity. _____7. How do you describe the trajectory of a
projectile?
_____2. What is the force experienced by a projectile A. Circular C. Hyperbola
after the initial force that launched it into the air in the B. Elliptical D. Parabola
absence of air resistance?
A. The nuclear force _____8. What is the horizontal acceleration of a
B. The gravitational force projectile?
C. The electromagnetic force A. 0 m/s C. 0 m/s2
D. The contact force B. 9.8 m/s D. 9.8 m/s2

_____3. Which of the following is composed of the two
linear motions of a projectile?
A. Horizontal and Circular Motion
B. Vertical and Circular Motion
C. Horizontal and Vertical Motion
D. Vertical and Curvilinear Motion
_____4. What happens to the vertical velocity of an
object as it travels through the air?
A. Changes continuously
B. Gradually decreasing
C. Gradually increasing
D. Remains the same
_____9. In the absence of air resistance, the ball was
thrown at an angle. Which of the following angle does
the ball go farthest?
A. 30.0º C. 60.0º
B. 45.0º D. 90.0º
_____10. Sports develop a sense of friendliness among
children and develop their team spirit. Which of the
following is not a benefit of sports?
A. Lower blood pressure and improve heart health.
B. Improve the memory and brain function.
C. Protect against many chronic diseases.
D. Gain weight and tiredness.

ACTIVITY 2
TRUE OR FALSE
Direction: Write TRUE in the space provided if the statement is correct and if it is false, change the underlined word or
phrase to make the statement correct.
_____________1. A projectile motion has a constant velocity in the vertical direction.
_____________2. The velocity at the maximum height of a projectile motion is not equal to zero.
_____________3. The path of the projectile motion is called a trajectory.
_____________4. A force acting on a projectile is gravity.
_____________5. As a projectile reaches the ground its vertical velocity decreases.
_____________6. The accepted value of acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s2.
_____________7. A projectile motion is a combination of vertical and horizontal motions which are independent to each
other.
_____________8. To get the maximum range, a projectile should be projected at an angle 45º.
_____________9. The horizontal velocity in horizontally launched projectile is constant.
_____________10. In angle-launched projectile, as the projectile rises its vertical velocity decreases.
 ACTIVITY 3
IDENTIFICATION
Direction: Identify if the following illustrations are projectile or not. Put a (/) mark if it’s a projectile and (X) mark if it’s not
inside the boxes.
1 2 3

4 5

PERFORMANCE TASK #1
What is my Sport?
Learning Competency: Use examples derived from sports to show that the angle of release affects the range
and height of a projectile. (S9FE-IVa-35.4)
Materials: pen/pencil, coloring materials
Procedure: Paste a photo of yourself playing a sport you love that demonstrates projectile motion. Explain the
concept of projectile motion in the sport of your choice.

Explanation:
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