1

Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

A curfew is a directive that outlines the hours when particular laws must be

followed. Curfews are a reality nowadays, especially for minors in the Philippines aged

12 to 16. Curfews typically require all those who are subject to them to abstain from

being in public areas or on streets during a specific period of time specified by the

barangay or in the ordinance.

Curfews are marketed as helping law enforcement because they allow officers

more control over who is on the streets and how they are acting during curfew hours.

They are also recommended as a beneficial addition to parental supervision; they offer

community support to parents who set limits on the number of hours their kids can be

out late at night (Ruffle & Reynolds, 1999).

Based on the study of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs as cited by Villarica (2011),

Physical safety from violence is the most immediate concern of people. Therefore, the

country or the barangay has the responsibility of preserving the welfare of its people or

the fellowmen. The curfew laws have the three main types, 1 st Juvenile curfew laws, 2nd

emergency curfew laws and 3rd business curfew laws and that is commonly used by

different countries to protect their people and reduce crime and victimization.

Curfews have been implemented in cities and municipalities because of public

concern. These laws impose restrictions on people in an effort to commit crimes. It also
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serves as a tool for the arrest of lawbreakers and potential offenders. An ordinance

revising the Municipality of Ocampo, Province of Camarines Sur, ordinance no. 88-3

regarding the curfew hours for minors

Theft. Robbery is a felony committed by "any person who, with purpose to gain,

shall take any personal property belonging to another, by means of violence against or

intimidation of any person, or employing force upon anything," according to Article 293

of the Revised Penal Code.

On the other hand, under Article 303 of the amended Penal Code, theft is defined

as the taking of another person's personal property without that person's consent while

acting with the aim to profit from doing so.

Robbery. Article 295 Robbery with physical harm, performed by a group of

people and in an unoccupied area, or robbery with a weapon on a street, road, or alley. If

the offenses listed in subdivisions three, four, and five of the previous article were

committed in an area that was not populated or by a group, or by attacking a moving

train, street car, motor vehicle, or airship, or by entering the passengers' compartments

of a train or, in any other way, catching the occupants of those conveyances off guard,

or on a road, highway, or alley, and the intimidation was made using a firearm, then

those offenses would (As modified by Rep. Acts Nos. 12 and 373.) (Emphasis supplied).

According to the RPC, robbery can be perpetrated in three different ways: by

employing force against anything, intimidation of anyone, or violence against anyone.

Articles 299 to 305 of the RPC contain provisions for robbery involving the use of force

against objects.
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There is a demand for safety throughout the planet. Additionally, the government

is setting laws and regulations for its citizens to abide by in order to protect their safety

and prevent harm and threat. According to compliance, an ordinance regulating minors'

curfew hours will be named as Ordinance Amending Ordinance No. 88- 3 in the

municipality of Ocampo. The provisions of this ordinance are intended to prevent

juveniles from becoming juvenile offenders, smokers, drinkers of alcohol, and drug

users. They are also intended to control adolescents' early pregnancies. Because of the

fact that as the night wears on and children or minors are out past a certain time, curfews

have been established with an order defining a time that applies positive rules.

The researcher's primary goal in conducting this study is to assess the degree of

curfew ordinance implementation in relation to the services provided by the Tanod/

Barangay Official. The purpose of the study is to demonstrate that for a community to

live in peace, there must be full public participation in order to increase public

confidence in the legitimacy of the implementing authority.

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to determine the level of implementation of curfew ordinance

in reducing theft and robbery incidents in Ocampo, Camarines Sur for the month of

January- June 2022. Specifically, it answers the following questions:

1. What is the level of implementation of curfew ordinance in reducing theft and

robbery incidents in Ocampo, Camarines Sur?

2. What are the problems encountered in the implementation of curfew ordinance

in reducing theft and robbery in Ocampo, Camarines Sur?

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3. What recommendations can be made to enhance the implementation of the

curfew ordinance within the barangays in Ocampo, Camarines Sur?

Theoretical Framework

This theory introduces and describes the existence of the study. Further, it will

explain its relation to this study.

Economic Theory of Crime

Gary Becker, 1968. Is a straightforward application of the labor market theory

to criminal behavior. Regarding the death penalty, organized crime, deterrence, and the

function of prisons, this notion is examined. In theory, any occupation may decide not to

become a criminal. In consideration of the limitations they really encounter, it logically

maximizes their own self-interest. According to the idea, profits from criminal activity

will be positively correlated with crime rates, but opportunity costs and the likelihood

and severity of punishment will be negatively correlated.

Deterrence Theory

Lundman, 2012. The study of street crimes has shown a lot of interest in street

crimes. There is a significant correlation between curfew laws and the reduction or

deflection of deviant criminal activities, short for “strict curfew enforcement follows

deterrence theory, which argues certain commit fewer criminal acts.

Social Control Theory

Hirschi, 1969. This study is also anchored on social control theory by Walter

Reckless. It is based on the idea that an individual’s basic belief system, values, morals,

commitments and relationships foster a lawful environment. According to Hirschi,

criminal activity occurs in society when the bonds holding the people are weakened.
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Also there is evidence that problems more likely come from the absence of parents,

truancy and unemployment. This theory points out that offenders would probably a male

that is unemployed, single and young. Conversely those who are married and employed

are less likely to get involved or to go astray.

In light of this, the researcher asks the respondents if passing an ordinance will

directly affect them in terms of keeping the environment safe and free from dangers and

devastation. The barangay authorities will also be questioned about the typical

circumstances in which locals broke the law.

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Economic Theory of Crime Deterrence Theory

Gary Becker, 1968 Lundman, 2012

Level of Implementation of curfew

ordinance in reducing theft and
robbery incidents in Ocampo,
Camarines Sur

Social Control Theory

Hirschi, 1969

Figure 1 Theoretical Framework

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Conceptual Framework

This study looked into the initiatives of the barangay in implementing the curfew

ordinance in reducing theft and robbery. The conceptual framework of this study

demonstrates how the research has progressed. It is based on the input, process and

output relationship. Their interrelationship is shown in figure 1.

Input: Ordinance revising the Municipality of Ocampo, Province of Camarines Sur,

ordinance no. 88-3. Theoretical frameworks: Economic Theory of Crime (Gary Becker),

Deterrence Theory (Lundman), and Social Control Theory (Hirschi). Data gathered

through data analysis, survey questionnaires, and interviews from respondents and

barangay authorities to assess the level of implementation of the curfew ordinance and

understand the circumstances under which people violate the law.

Process: Review and analyze the existing curfew ordinance (ordinance no. 88-3) of the

Municipality of Ocampo, Camarines Sur to identify areas for revision and improvement.

Introduced and discussed theoretical frameworks such as the Economic Theory of

Crime (Gary Becker), Deterrence Theory (Lundman), and Social Control Theory

(Hirschi) to provide a conceptual framework for understanding the implementation of

the curfew ordinance and its potential impact on reducing theft and robbery incidents.

Collected data through data analysis, survey questionnaires, and interviews from

respondents (community members) and barangay authorities. This data will provide

insights into the level of implementation of the curfew ordinance and the circumstances

under which people violate the law. Analyze the gathered data to assess the

effectiveness of the curfew ordinance in reducing theft and robbery incidents and
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identify any problems or challenges encountered in its implementation. Synthesized the

findings from the data analysis, survey questionnaires, and interviews to draw

conclusions about the level of implementation of the curfew ordinance and its impact on

reducing theft and robbery incidents in Ocampo, Camarines Sur.

Output: An ordinance revising the existing curfew ordinance (ordinance no. 88-3) of the

Municipality of Ocampo, Camarines Sur, incorporating any necessary revisions and

improvements based on the findings and recommendations. A discussion and analysis of

the theoretical frameworks (Economic Theory of Crime, Deterrence Theory, and Social

Control Theory) in relation to the implementation of the curfew ordinance, providing

insights into the underlying factors and potential effectiveness of the ordinance. A

comprehensive report summarizing the findings from the data analysis, survey

questionnaires, and interviews, including an assessment of the level of implementation

of the curfew ordinance and an understanding of the circumstances under which people

violate the law. Recommendations for enhancing the implementation of the curfew

ordinance, addressing any problems or challenges identified, and potentially reducing

theft and robbery incidents in Ocampo, Camarines Sur.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Regularly
Ordinance Identifying
assess the level
revising the the level of
of
Municipality of implementation
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Figure 2 Conceptual Framework

Significance of the Study

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This study is made with the aim to provide information and knowledge regarding

the level of implementation of curfew ordinance in reducing theft and robbery incidents

in Ocampo, Camarines Sur. This study could be beneficial to the following:

Community. The result of this study will be one of the sources for making the town an

ideal place to live.

Philippine National Police (PNP). The result of this study will help them to upgrade

and enhance its capabilities of implementing the strategic plan in Ocampo, Camarines

Sur.

Barangay Officials. This study aimed to evaluate the governance of the barangay based

on the ordinance in Curfew law. This will also serve as a prevention of being victimized

in crimes.

Researchers. This research can provide them salient information and knowledge in

conducting research work on the level of implementation of curfew ordinance.

Future Researchers. The ideas presented may be used as referenced data in conducting

new research on testing validity of other related findings. This study also serves as their

cross-reference that will give them a background or an overview of the Barangay

Curfew laws.

Scope and Delimitation

This study is conducted to determine the level of implementation of curfew

ordinance in the municipality of Ocampo, Camarines Sur for the 1st semester of school

year 2022- 2023. It also focused on coming up with the recommendations relative to the

result and findings with respect to the effective and beneficial implementation.
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Those loiterers aged 18 years old and above were excluded. Other crime

prevention activities conducted by the said barangay were not involved.

Definition of Terms

The different terminologies used in the development of the study are defined

conceptually and operationally:

Curfew. It is an order specifying a time during which certain regulations apply.

Enforcement. It is the proper execution of the process of ensuring compliance with

laws, regulations, rules, standards and social norms.

Level of Implementation. Implementation involves multiple decisions, actions and

corrections to change the structures and conditions necessary to implement and sustain

new practices and programs successfully.

Loiter. It is an act of being in a public or private place without an obvious legal

purpose.

Minors. It is defined as a person under the age of majority.

Ordinance. It implies imposition by a sovereign authority and the obligation of

obedience on the part of all subject to that authority.

Robbery. It is unlawful taking of property from another by force or threat of force.

Theft. It is the act of taking another person’s property without that person’s permission

or consent with the intent to deprive the rightful owner of it.

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Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES AND STUDIES

This chapter includes the ideas, finished thesis, generalizations and conclusions,

methodologies and process to make the research possible.

Related Literature

Curfew ordinances are typically local registration that identifies a particular time

which does not allow residents to be out in public. In general, curfews seek to reduce

juvenile crime and victimization, and empower parents to help control children’s

behavior. The assumption behind curfew legislation is that; individuals who are at home

or under adult supervision are less likely to be involved in criminal activity, either as a

perpetrator or a victim. Similar to probation practices, the use of general curfews across

the country has almost alike trends in juvenile justice sentencing policy. Curfews have

again become popular in recent years as a response to increased crime and violence, but

research on their effectiveness is mixed. There are some thoughts available on what

respondents think about curfews and how the rules actually affect their lives and

criticisms of unconstitutionality threaten their very existence (Ruffle & Reynolds, 1999).

Local Literature

Acosta, 2020. Curfew ordinances are one type of legal limitation. Assist parents

in their responsibilities to promote the well-being of their children. As will be described

more below, these regulations further force State objectives (especially the promotion of

juvenile safety and the avoidance of juvenile criminality), which inevitably imply

constraints on parents' main right to nurture their children.

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Galabin et.al., 2018. During their examination of the consequences of

implementation of the curfew on juvenile offenders in Dologon Maramag, Bukidnon.

Using the design for descriptive studies. This research note provides initial results from

Central Mindanao's barangay police agencies utilized the barangay survey. Locals and

university security. The study's aim is to investigate whether juvenile curfews are

effective in preventing juvenile offenders from committing crimes and lowering the

exploitation of young people. The majority of instances demonstrated that the curfew

was effective, reducing overnight break-ins, auto theft, vandalism, and graffiti.

Hernandez et al.,2013. Despite having little funding and qualified staff, the

Philippines has a sizable number of laws, policies, and programs aimed at protecting

children. Although very few of these rules and regulations have a direct bearing on

primary prevention, many of them have an impact on the prevention of child abuse.

There was a disconnect between what was mandated by national laws and regulations

and how child protection programs were actually put into practice. The implementation

and support of programs were based on the aims and interests of local executives after

the devolution of health and social services.

Dangerous Drug Board, 2013. After the passage of RA 9165, the type and

extent of drug misuse in the Philippines was investigated through the Household Survey

on the type and Extent of Drug misuse. The study's findings highlighted the dangers that

youngsters encounter on the streets, such as drug use and other vices. For minors under

the age of 17, severe curfew hours should be introduced, or if they are currently in place,

they should be properly enforced. The relevant local government should also offer these

kids and their family alternative programs or chances for a living. The government
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should also consider the potential of undertaking a study, especially the Departments of

Education and Social Welfare and Development.\

Foreign Literature

Melinda Negron-Gonzales, 2021 "Countering Counter-Terrorism: Defending

Human Rights and Challenging Curfews in Turkey," This article examines the strategies

domestic activists have employed to combat transgressions. It asserts that the

mobilization strategies of activists were impacted by enduring barriers to mass

mobilization, some of which trace back to de-Europeanization. This strategy was

successful in mobilizing transnational human rights networks, which sparked a sustained

and well-planned campaign by foreign players to persuade the Turkish government to

defend human rights while combating terrorism. But ultimately, neither the boomerang

tactic nor the formal procedure for submitting petitions to the European Court of Human

Rights succeeded in changing the course of government.

Pretorius, 2019. A curfew helps to guarantee people's safety. It might be argued

that when curfews are enforced, they are safer, especially at night. This may keep kids

from getting involved in an undesirable circumstance. We must use curfew as a measure

at our disposal on days when a person might encounter threats and injury. Of course, it's

crucial to make sure the curfew is acceptable, controllable and reasonable.It is not to be

used as part of an autocratic style of parenting, but rather as a tool that benefits all

members of the family. There needs to be a degree of give and take around curfew

times.

Alan L. Plotkin, 2019. Cities all across the world have enacted curfew laws.
 15

is an effort to rein down the growth in adolescent crime in the United States. based on

interviews, the benefits and drawbacks of a curfew rule for Baltimore City with local

officials and determined that the ordinance as it stands now won't result in any

significant shift in the delinquency rate.

Kita, 2017. The article by Kita lists the benefits and drawbacks of Curfews as a

well-known practice. He said benefits included the tranquility of parents' minds,

teenagers' safety, parental control, and prevention of juvenile delinquency. Negative

aspects were controlling parenting, phony security, concerns with work opportunities

and a barrier to maturity.

Indira Jimenez, 2016. After a particular time of day, they are on the streets and

in their homes. Law enforcement must work with the community to enforce juvenile

curfews in order for them to be successful. These regulations aim to prevent young

people from becoming delinquents as well as crime and victimization. Curfew

regulations have major unintended consequences, including as disproportionate minority

contact, criminalizing juveniles who are homeless or runaway, decreasing results for

children, and opening towns to lawsuits for violating the constitution. To make sure that

curfews protect rather than damage young people in their cities, local decision-makers

should think about doing the following things.

Grossman, Miller 2012. Juvenile curfew legislation reduced negative youth

health outcomes and victimization was of better quality than research that found no

effects. However, they come to the conclusion that additional study is required before

judgments can be made about the efficacy of juvenile curfew legislation due to the scant

number of studies and issues with quality.

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Related Studies

Local Studies

Patalinghug et.al,2021. The enactment of a curfew in a Philippine town in

Region 9 is to offer a descriptive study of the curfew restrictions in terms of policy,

procedures, and results. In this study, the descriptive survey approach was employed.

The required information was gathered using a self-designed questionnaire that passed

stringent validation and reliability testing. According to the study's findings, curfews can

vary in their timing, manner of enforcement, severity of the penalties for breaking them,

and the people who are subject to them. The policies and procedures used to impose

curfews may have an impact on how they are enforced.

Andres et. al., 2021, To ascertain how curfew hours would be implemented in

Ilocos Norte, the investigation was conducted. The investigation used a quantitative

research strategy using a descriptive research methodology. Selected Barangays from

the towns of Dingras, Sarrat, and five (5) Barangay Officials and fifteen (15) Barangay

Residents as responses, San Nicolas and Banna, Ilocos Norte, were chosen. The

demographic profile of the respondents was examined using percentages and

frequencies and a weighted mean was used to assess the degree of implementation and

the issues that citizens and barangay authorities had when putting the curfew hours into

effect. The study's findings showed that with a frequency of 24 or 20.00%, the majority

of respondents are between the ages of 26 and 30. The majority of responses are men.
 17

(70.83%), with the majority of them. On the level of implementation of curfew hours,

the study showed that the enforcement of curfew hours is always implemented.

Rex Aurelius C. Robielos, Nico Duran, 2020. Event of Crime against Property:

Robbery & Theft Prediction, to determine how frequently theft and robberies occur in

the City of Manila, a discrete Bayesian network model was applied. The results showed

that February and July had the highest odds of crime while April had the lowest

probabilities based on 5-year data on theft and robbery in the City of Manila (including

convictions). The likelihood of a crime occurring was highest in the second week and

lowest in the fifth week. The bulk of crimes occurred between 3 and 6 pm, while the

fewest occurred between 6 and 9 am. Almost all of the discovered locations have a male

population, with the exception of Pandacan, where the female population has a higher

possibility at 53%.

Clara J. Carpio, 2020. The study's descriptive methodology describes how the

curfew hours are now being implemented in a few selected barangays in Cabanatuan

City. Regarding the Curfew Ordinance's Level of Implementation, it is the consistency

that is lacking, which also happens to be one of the most crucial factors in the

implementation process. According to the data gathered by the researcher, the programs

offered or given by the barangay officials to those who violate the said curfew ordinance

do not even serve as a deterrent because the youths are not afraid of the potential harm

they will be subjected to because the barangay officials do not impose sanctions on the

apprehended violators.

Aldren J. Apduhan et al., 2019. The Effect of Curfew Hour Implementation,

The outcome demonstrates that the curfew hour was consistently enforced thanks to the
 18

ongoing efforts of the barangay officials, barangay police, and police officers. The

outcome demonstrates the importance of the safety and security demands listed in

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, including the protection of our bodies, job, resources,

family morals, and health. It was advised that the Barangay's residents work together

and take part in the curfew's implementation. Encourage future scholars to carry out the

same study in order to aid the institution and increase public confidence in its legitimacy

and superior academic standards.

Ramos et.al., 2019. There is disagreement among children in Pili, Camarines

Sur, the Juvenile Justice and the law discovered the complex information that one of the

main causes of children being in risky situations is poverty, and did illegal action. The

teenagers wandered into the street and loitered outside of their homes with their set of

peers.

Infante, 2017. There are curfews in place in the endeavor to ensure public safety

and reduce crime in the area where it is implemented. The effectiveness and public

opinion of the curfew will be examined in this study. Implementation in Antipolo City's

Barangay San Roque. Curfews have experienced controversy because some claim it

violates the constitution because it limits people's freedom of their liberty. To determine

whether or not this measure is effective, this research will be a policy review. An

efficient means of lowering crime and victimization in the neighborhood. Additionally,

it will assess how the local government entities manage policy and the manner in which

they communicate tools used by the police and local government to put the ordinance

into action.
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Maguire & Pastore, 1994. Curfew violations are usually considered status

offenses, which would indicate a less serious response from the formal criminal justice

system. The number of juveniles arrested for curfew, however, is a substantial

proportion of arrests. Considering the number of juveniles that come to the attention of

the police and the courts because of curfew violations, information regarding the

effectiveness of ordinances is essential

Foreign Studies

Bobbioab, Arbach and Llescas, 2020. The primary goal of determining

whether the criminal risk level estimated from the interaction between antisocial

motivation and criminal opportunities aids in differentiating between adolescents with

and without delinquent behavior. According to the findings, personal, societal, and

opportunity risk variables are significantly correlated with delinquency. We discuss the

relevance and implications of these findings within the particular context of this study.

Dr. Lji Thomas, MD (2019). A recent study that was published in the BMC

Public Health, young people who endured physical or sexual abuse, who experience

abuse, neglect, or other types of bad treatment are more prone to commit crimes as they

age. An important factor in the emergence of antisocial behavior in young people's

behavior is a result of their early exposure to violence and abuse.

Rebecca Thompson, 2014. Understanding Theft from the Person and Robbery

of Personal Property Victimization Trends in England and Wales. The British Crime

Survey (BCS) found that overall crime decreased by 50% with robberies and thefts from

people declining by 27 and 17%, respectively (Chaplin et al., 2011). Although there has

been a lot of discussion, there is still no agreement on the reasons why crime has
 20

decreased. In respect to theft and robbery, three particular issues are examined: 1. the

stolen stuff; 2. the traits of those who steal things from others; 3. the conditions under

which they are captured. To determine whether any alterations in their type and

composition correspond with the declines in crime, fourteen sweeps of the BCS are

used. Numerous statistical techniques are used, such as zero-inflated negative binomial

regression, negative binomial and binomial logistic regression.

Sampson's, 2010. Study of Safe Neighborhoods with high crime rates are

frequently densely populated, mixed-use (businesses and residences nearby), areas with

concentrated poverty, a transient population, a high percentage of single-parent

households, and decaying structures. Children and teenagers who reside in areas plagued

by crime or disorder are more likely to encounter violence, as well as social and

emotional issues like aggression, stress, and withdrawal, as well as delinquency and

poor academic performance. This idea emphasizes the value of providing people with a

secure environment. It is crucial to protect one's environment since it affects how

quickly they can develop a good attitude.

Joe Ryan Drealan, 2007. The categories of personal, commercial, carjacking,

home invasion, and abrupt snatching robberies were included in a five-sector robbery

typology. With mobility being defined as the straight-line distance between the

offender's home residence and the scene of the robbery act, the degree of criminal

mobility for each type of robbery offense was investigated. Geographic information

system (GIS) technologies, more specifically geocoding software tools, were used to

determine the latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates of the offender's dwelling and the

incident site. Among all five types of robberies, some perpetrators were found to have a
 21

rather high level of mobility. However, among the numerous robbery crime types,

various movement patterns also showed themselves.

Preusser et al. 1993. 149 large cities surveyed, 72 were found to have nighttime

curfew ordinances applying to teenagers of various ages. The typical city curfew

identified starts at midnight, ends at 5 a.m., and affects all activity of teenagers ages 13–

17 in a public place and unaccompanied by a parent. In comparisons of 47 cities with

curfews covering 13- to 17-year-olds and 77 cities without curfews, curfews were

associated with a 23% reduction in fatal injury for 13- to 17-year-olds for the 9 p.m.–

5:59 a.m. time period. This is identical to the 23% reduction estimated for both fatal and

nonfatal motor vehicle injuries for 13- to 17-year-olds in an earlier, more limited study

of curfews in Detroit, Cleveland, and Columbus, Ohio.

David Indermaur, (n.d). discusses studies on robbery and property criminal

violence conducted in Western Australia. According to the findings, the most efficient

way to avoid violence during robberies or property crimes is to lower the total rate of

these crimes. However, after an offender confronts a victim, the victim's actions could

play a crucial role in stopping violence. A technique that avoids confrontation and might

even help the offender escape is suggested by the recognition that offenders may be

extremely terrified or even angry with the victim.

In order to accomplish the goal of this study, the researcher will employ the

review of pertinent literature and studies listed above. Additionally, it will look into the

matter and make an effort to bridge it in order to ascertain whether the locals and the

community would benefit from the curfew ordinance thanks to the efforts of the Brgy.

Tanod, the officials.

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Chapter III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presented and discussed the method that was used in the study, the

population and sampling technique, the research instrument, the data gathering

procedure, the data processing and the statistical treatment of data.

Research Design

The method used in this study was a descriptive method of research to determine

the level of implementation of curfew ordinance in reducing theft and robbery in

Ocampo, Camarines Sur including the problems encountered by the respondents

especially the barangay officials during the implementation. When information is

needed from people who are directly experiencing the phenomenon being studied, such

as when time and resources are scarce, a descriptive research design is appropriate.

Respondents of the Study

The participants of this study consisted of the selected households and Brgy.

Officials/Tanod within the selected barangay and selected PNP Personnel in Ocampo,

Camarines Sur.

Table 1 below shows the distribution of the population used in this study.

Table 1 Population of the Study

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Population Number Percent

a. Households 30 60%
b. Brgy. Officials/Tanod 15 30%
c. PNP Personnel 5 10%
TOTAL 50 100%

The participants of this study are the residents of 8 selected barangays in the

municipality of Ocampo, Camarines Sur to be represented by 30 (60%) household

individuals, 15 (30%) selected Brgy. Officials/Tanod and 5 (10%) selected PNP

Personnel which is randomly selected.

Research Locale

The subject of this study are the household individual, barangay officials/ tanod

and the PNP personnel inside the municipality of Ocampo, Camarines Sur. It is consist

of 8 barangays namely: Ayugan, Del Rosario, Hanawan, Old Moriones, Poblacion

Central, Poblacion West, Salvacion and San Francisco.

Research Instruments

There are three data-gathering tools used. These were questionnaire,

documentary analysis, and unstructured interview.

Documentary Analysis. It is a sort of qualitative study in which the researcher

examines documents to evaluate an evaluation theme. Coding content into categories,

similar to how interview transcripts are examined, is a necessary step in document

analysis in curfew ordinance.

Questionnaire. It contained specific questions based on the generated activities

which will help to determine the level of implementation of the barangay ordinance.

Items without response were discarded.

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Unstructured Interview. The unstructured interview was utilized to cross check

information generated through documentary analysis and distribution of survey

questionnaires. The same was used to gather additional information not provided by the

records and observation.

Sampling Techniques

The researcher used the purposive sampling technique in which the respondents

is selected in conducting this study in consideration of the respondents, including

knowledge of the researcher’s issue or capacity and willingness to participate in this

research study.

Data Gathering Procedures

The study's researchers adhere to a particular process or set of stages. In the

beginning, the researcher created their own questionnaires and worked with the

barangay captain via a letter of communication that has been accepted and validated by

the research consultant. Second, upon the approval the researcher asked permission from

the Barangay captain to survey their barangay officials/tanod and the household

individual to conduct the study and an interview with PNP personnel. Lastly, the

researcher retrieved and tallied the response of the respondents to interpret the data

gathered.

Data Analysis Technique

The study facilitated an analysis and interpretation of data, the same were treated

statistically through the frequency count and percentage technique.

Percentage Technique. This was used to determine the percentage of responses

and obtain the qualitative meaning of the data.

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The formula used was:

P = - - - - X 100

Where:

P = is the percentage

n = is the number of responses

N = is the total number of respondents

Weighted Mean. It was used to characterize the level of implementation

of the curfew ordinance in reducing theft and robbery.

This was used to treat the data as indicated below:

Weighted Interpretation

4.81- 5.00 Fully Implemented

3.41- 4.80 Implemented

2.61- 3.40 Moderately Implemented

1.81 – 2.60 Somewhat Implemented

1.00 – 1.80 Not Implemented

In order to draw the weighted mean value, the following formula was used.

∑fx

Mw = ______

Where:

Mw = is the weighted mean

 26

f = is the frequency

x = is the weight

n = is the number of respondents

fx = is the summation of the products of the frequencies

times the weight

Chapter IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

 27

This chapter presents the results, discussion, and interpretation of the data. The

data gathered from the respondents through survey questionnaires were analyzed and

used as a basis to formulate the results of the study.

1. Demographic profile of the respondents.

Table 1.1 Age Distributions of the respondents

Age Frequency Rank Percentage

15-25 7 3 23.33

26-35 10 1 33.33

36-45 8 2 26.67

46-55 3 4 10.00

56-65 2 5 6.67

Table 1.1 reveals that as to the age bracket of the respondents, majority of them

falls into the age bracket of 26 to 35 years old comprising thirty-three-point thirty-three

percent (33.33%) and the lowest rank is six-point sixty-seven percent (6.67%) under the

bracket of 56 to 65 years old. The results implies that the household respondents with

the most number are aged 26-35 and the least is 56-65.

Table 1.2 Distribution of respondents according to practice area

Address Frequency Rank Percentage

Ayugan 4 2 13.33
 28

Del Rosario 3 3 10.00

Hanawan 5 1 16.67

Old Moriones 3 3 10.00

Poblacion
Central 4 2 13.33

Poblacion
West 3 3 10.00

Salvacion 3 3 10.00

San Francisco 5 1 16.67

Table 1.2 provides information on the distribution of respondents across eight

barangays in the study area. The data reveals that Barangay Hanawan and San Francisco

had the highest number of respondents, each with five respondents, accounting for

16.67% of the total respondents. These two barangays rank first in terms of respondent

count. Barangay Ayugan and Poblacion Central. On the other hand, Barangay Del

Rosario, Old Moriones, Poblacion West, and Salvacion had the lowest number of

respondents among the eight barangays, with 10.00% each, and these four barangays

rank third. The findings indicate that the majority of the respondents were concentrated

in Barangays Hanawan and San Francisco, suggesting a higher level of representation

from these areas. This may be due to various factors, such as population density,

accessibility, or other demographic characteristics. On the contrary, Barangays Del

Rosario, Old Moriones, Poblacion West, and Salvacion had relatively fewer
 29

respondents, which could be attributed to factors like lower population size or limited

participation.

The distribution of respondents across the barangays provides valuable insights

for the study. It highlights the need to consider the varying representation from different

areas when analyzing and interpreting the data. By understanding the distribution,

researchers can account for any potential biases or limitations in the findings and ensure

that the results accurately reflect the entire study population.

Table 1.3 Summary of Respondents Profile as to Gender

Gender Frequency Rank Percentage

Female 13 2 43.33

Male 17 1 56.67

Table 1.3 shows that the majority of the respondents are male with a total of

seventeen (17) respondents with a percentage of fifty-six point sixty-seven percent

(56.67%) and the lowest rank with thirteen female respondents with forty-three point

thirty-three percent (43.33%). The result implies that the household respondents’

majority are male.

2. The crimes reported in theft and robbery incident in Ocampo, Camarines Sur

Table 2. The crimes reported in theft and robbery incidents

 30

Crime Reported Rank

Robbery Incident 1

Theft Incident 1

Table 2 reveals that theft and robbery incidents in Ocampo, Camarines Sur have

been classified as the most frequently reported crimes in the area based on the data from

the Philippine National Police (PNP) for the period of January to June 2022. The table

indicates that there were a total of two reported theft incidents and two reported robbery

incidents in the mentioned barangays.

3. The municipal ordinances in Ocampo Camarines Sur.

Table 3. The implemented municipal ordinances.

Indicators WM VI

1. PROHIBITION 3.9 MA

2. EXCEPTIONS 3.8 MA

3. VIOLATIONS 3.67 MA

4. BARANGAY TANOD 3.97 MA

5. BARANGAY OFFICIALS 4.00 MA

AVERAGE WEIGHTED MEAN 3.87 MA

 31

Legend:

MW- Weighted Mean

VI- Verbal Interpretation

4.81- 5.00 Very Much Aware (VMA)

3.41- 4.80 Much Aware (MA)

2.61- 3.40 Aware (A)

1.81 – 2.60 Less Aware (LA)

1.00 – 1.80 Not Aware At All (NA)

The data presented in the table highlights the implementation of the municipal

curfew ordinance in Ocampo, Camarines Sur. The findings from the survey indicate that

the respondents have a high level of awareness regarding the curfew law. Additionally,

the majority of respondents expressed a positive reaction and attitude towards the

ordinance.

The positive perception of the curfew ordinance among the household members

suggests that they believe in the effectiveness of this measure in reducing crime in the

municipality. This indicates a potential consensus among the community members

regarding the importance of the curfew ordinance for maintaining safety and order.

The findings align with the existing literature on the benefits of curfew

ordinances in crime prevention efforts. Studies have shown that curfews can contribute

to reducing crime rates, particularly among juveniles, by restricting their activities

during specific hours when criminal incidents are more likely to occur. The positive
 32

perception of the curfew ordinance among respondents reinforces the notion that

community members recognize its potential to enhance public safety.

The data presented in the table illustrates the implementation of the municipal

curfew ordinance in Ocampo, Camarines Sur. Based on the survey findings, it is evident

that the respondents possess a high level of awareness regarding the curfew law, and the

majority of them exhibit a positive reaction and attitude towards its implementation.

Furthermore, the data indicates that household members hold a favorable perception of

the curfew ordinance's parameters and believe that it will significantly contribute to

reducing crime in the municipality. These findings are consistent with existing literature

emphasizing the benefits of curfew ordinances in enhancing public safety and crime

prevention efforts.

4. The level of implementation of Curfew Ordinance in reducing theft and robbery

incidents.

Table 4. The level of implementation of Curfew Ordinance in reducing theft and robbery
incidents.

Indicators WM VI

1. Is the curfew law being implemented successfully and

efficiently? 3.77 MI

2. Is our nation’s curfew law still relevant? 4.73 MI

3.Does the curfew law ensure the youth’s safety? 4.2 MI

 33

4. Ensure minors in the Barangay to follow the rules. 4.03 MI

5. Barangay Police/ Tanod suite their duties? 3.63 MI

6. Does the barangay encourage voluntary compliance of

laws and regulations? 4.00 MI

7. Does the barangay police/tanod respond to emergency calls

immediately? 3.8 MI

8. Does the said barangay have policies/ regulations limiting

unauthorized activities at night? 4.03 MI

9. Is there a regular police presence or patrol route? 3.93 MI

10. The laws/ordinance implemented helps the neighborhood

to be a better place to live? 4.3 MI

AVERAGE WEIGHTED MEAN 4.04 MI

Legend:

MW- Weighted Mean

VI- Verbal Interpretation

4.81- 5.00 Very Much Implemented (VMI)

3.41- 4.80 Much Implemented (MI)

2.61- 3.40 Implemented (I)

1.81 – 2.60 Less Implemented (LI)

1.00 – 1.80 Not Implemented At All

 34

All items listed above relating to the implementation of curfew ordinance in

reducing theft and robbery incidents were considered as much implemented by the

respondents. The use of city ordinance/ curfew law is still relevant and helps the

resident's safety in the streets obtaining a weighted mean of 4.73. It was followed by the

use of curfew law to ensure the youth’s safety (4.2), and the policies/ regulations

limiting unauthorized activities and ensuring the compliance of the youth to the

implemented law with the average weighted mean of 4.03. It also shows that Indicators

number 1, 5, 7 and 9 were the lowest four items of the implementation of reducing theft

and robbery with an average weighted mean of 3.77, 3.63, 3.08, and 3.93 respectively. It

showed that it is much implemented in the municipality of Ocampo. Hence, the total

data result of the level of implementation of Curfew Ordinance in reducing theft and

robbery incidents with an average weighted mean of 4.04 and a rating of much

implemented, this concludes that the respondents have a sufficient knowledge of the

implementation in reducing crimes of theft and robbery in the city.

5. Distribution Percentage of respondents' risk exposure

Table 5 Distribution Percentage of respondents' risk exposure

Indicators YES Percentage NO Percentage

1). Been hit by someone trying to hurt you? 0 0 30 100%

2). Has someone used a weapon or force to 0 0 30 100%

get money or things from you?
 35

3). Been attacked by someone with a 0 0 30 100%

weapon or by someone trying to seriously
hurt or kill you?

4). Had some of your things stolen from 0 0 30 100%

you?

5). Do you experience vehicle theft or 0 0 30 100%

criminal damage?

6). Do you typically spend the night 0 0 30 100%

outside?

7). Have you ever been involved in any 0 0 30 100%

street fights in your barangay?

8). Has there ever been a time when you 0 0 30 100%

were suspected of committing a crime?

9). Have you heard of community group 11 36.67% 19 63.33%

meetings to discuss local problems?

10). Have you ever attended such a meeting 17 56.67% 13 43.33%

in your barangay?

Table 5 shows that indicators 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 out of 30 respondents

indicated that they did not experience nor be exposed to any crime and/ or violence in

their barangay while indicator 9, recorded 63.33% of the respondents who never heard

of community meetings and with a 36.67% of the total respondents who heard about the

meeting. Also, if these figures are compared to indicator 10, with 56.67% of attendees

during the barangay meetings, the result shows that the majority of the total population

shows interest in the barangay activities especially the discussions on local problems.
 36

Chapter V

SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary, findings, conclusions and recommendations

of the study.
 37

Summary

The present study was conducted in the municipality of Ocampo, Camarines

Sur, from 2022 to 2023. This study was conducted to determine the level of

implementation of Curfew Ordinance in reducing theft and robbery incidents. The

household members of the selected 8 barangays in the municipality became the target

respondents of the study together with the data of reported incidents in theft and

robbery from the PNP. The selected respondents are asked to answer the survey

questionnaire which helps to formulate the result of the study. The research focused on

the 8 barangays, namely: Barangay Ayugan, Del Rosario, Hanawan, Old Moriones,

Poblacion Central, Poblacion West, Salvacion and San Francisco. The main instrument

used was the self-made questionnaires to assess the awareness of the respondents on

the implemented curfew ordinance. Simple Random sampling was used since there is a

known chance for every member of the population of being included in the sample and

a willingness to participate in the study. For the gathering of data, different tools and

techniques were adopted to gather the appropriate information. Gathered data is subject

for analysis and interpretation. The questionnaire contained items based on the specific

questions in the study. Documentary analysis gathered records of reported crimes in

theft and robbery. To cross-check information provided through documentary analysis,

an unstructured interview was conducted. To determine the percentage of responses

and obtain the qualitative interpretation of the data, statistical procedures such as

frequency count and percentage methodology were utilized. The weighted mean value

was calculated using the weighted mean value.

The crimes reported in theft and robbery incident in Ocampo, Camarines Sur
 38

Findings

According to the statistics acquired, the two most common crimes reported in

the Municipal Police Station from January to June of 2022 were robbery and theft.

Based on the data presented, the theft and robbery case in Ocampo, Camarines Sur

were found visible in four (4) barangays namely: Del Rosario, Hanawan, Old Moriones

and San Francisco and offenders were outside residents of Ocampo, Camarines Sur.

Conclusions

Based on the findings, the study indicated that the Municipality of Ocampo,

Camarines Sur, notably the Barangay Police/Tanod, was well-educated in terms of the

implementation of curfew law. This also simply means that they were actively

attempting to reduce crime by assisting the community.

Recommendations

Based on the conclusions drawn, there are still unresolved crimes within the

Municipality of Ocampo, Camarines Sur. In light of this, the study recommends that

the Municipality continue to enhance incident reporting systems and strengthen

community security measures. The Barangay Police/Tanod should prioritize

community maintenance and order, with specific focus on preventing theft and robbery

incidents.

To effectively combat theft and robbery, it is crucial to enhance mobility and

communication capabilities, particularly through better coordination with the Barangay

tanods. By improving their response time and communication channels, the Barangay
 39

Police/Tanod can more effectively prevent and address such incidents. Additionally,

implementing community awareness campaigns and encouraging active citizen

participation can foster a stronger sense of community security and discourage

potential offenders.

Furthermore, it is important to establish partnerships and collaborations with

neighboring municipalities and law enforcement agencies to address the issue of non-

resident offenders. Cooperation and information sharing between jurisdictions can aid

in identifying and apprehending criminals who may be targeting Ocampo, Camarines

Sur.

In summary, the recommendations include enhancing incident reporting

systems, strengthening community security measures, improving mobility and

communication assets, promoting community awareness, encouraging citizen

participation, and establishing collaborations with neighboring municipalities and law

enforcement agencies. By implementing these recommendations, the Municipality of

Ocampo, Camarines Sur can further enhance crime prevention efforts and create a safer

environment for its residents.

The level of implementation of Curfew Ordinance in reducing theft and robbery

incidents.

Findings

Based on the tabulated results of the data gathered, it reveals that among the

level of the Implementation of curfew ordinance, it showed that curfew law is still
 40

relevant with the weighted mean 4.73. It means that the implementation is pertinent in

the Municipality of Ocampo, particularly to the selected barangays. While the average

mean for the barangay police/ tanod response to emergency calls was the lowest level

of the implementation of the curfew ordinance with 3.8 average mean. However, the

findings showed that the above data has the average weighted mean of 4.04 on the level

of implementation for the household members of the said barangays in Ocampo,

Camarines Sur were much implemented (MI).

Conclusions

When curfews are implemented it involves a wide range of measures.

Implementation varies with time, execution, consequences, and targeted participants.

The extent to which it was implemented may have an impact on the prospective

outcomes. The outcome of the municipal curfew is determined by how it is executed. It

follows that curfew laws are critical for maintaining a secured neighborhood and

strengthening family bonds. It is also demonstrated that crime has decreased when the

curfew was enforced. However, crimes may still arise but it can be easily addressed

when the members of the community, implementers, Barangay Police/Tanod extend

their support and cooperate on the curfew implementation.

Recommendations

Based on the findings, respondents strongly emphasize the importance of

enhancing public knowledge and promoting police-community interactions.

Recognizing the value of knowledge in preventing crime, it becomes evident that crime

prevention is a collective responsibility, and educating the public stands as a crucial

 41

strategy. Individuals who are aware of their role in reducing law-breaking and

enhancing security play a critical part in fostering a safer community. Additionally,

implementing visible policing in crime-prone areas, organizing community-based

activities to encourage citizen participation in barangay programs, and installing CCTV

cameras in common areas of the municipality are recommended.

Curfew ordinances are local regulations designed to limit residents from being in

public during specific hours, primarily aimed at reducing juvenile crime and

victimization while empowering parents to supervise their children's behavior. The

underlying assumption behind curfew legislation is that individuals who are at home or

under adult supervision are less likely to engage in criminal activities as either

perpetrators or victims. While curfews have gained popularity in response to increased

crime and violence, research on their effectiveness yields mixed results. Respondents in

the Philippines strongly advocate for increased public knowledge and police-community

interactions, recognizing education as a vital strategy for crime prevention.

The findings suggest that curfews can play a role in maintaining public safety

and reducing crime rates, particularly among juveniles. However, their effectiveness

depends on various factors, such as implementation, community involvement, and the

specific context in which they are applied. When considering curfew ordinances, it is

essential to strike a balance between promoting safety and respecting individual rights.

The literature review reveals that curfew ordinances have been a subject of

debate and examination in both local and foreign contexts. Local studies highlight the

importance of consistent implementation, community participation, and the evaluation

 42

of curfew policies. Foreign studies provide insights into the impact of curfews on crime

rates and the socioeconomic factors influencing criminal behavior. By synthesizing the

findings from these studies, this review contributes to the existing body of knowledge on

curfews and their implications for crime prevention.

Curfew ordinances can serve as a valuable tool in crime prevention efforts,

particularly concerning juvenile crime and victimization. However, their effectiveness is

contingent upon various factors, including implementation procedures, community

participation, and the need to strike a balance between public safety and individual

rights. Policymakers should consider the context-specific nature of curfews and

incorporate community-based approaches to maximize their potential in promoting

public safety. Future research should aim to address knowledge gaps and provide a more

nuanced understanding of the effectiveness and implications of curfew ordinances in

diverse settings.

REFERENCES

A. GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION

● Ordinance Amending Ordinance No. 88- 3 in the Municipality of Ocampo,

Camarines Sur.
 43

B. ELECTRONIC MATERIALS:

● Curfew Hours in Ilocos Norte, Vol. 6 Issue no. 5, May 2021, Andres, JM.
Ramos, RJ. et al.
https://www.ijisrt.com/assets/upload/files/IJISRT21MAY272.pdf
● Implementation of Curfew Ordinances in Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija, Clara J.
Carpio
https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/16IJELS-101202017-
Implementation.pdf
● Adriano, L. (2020). Ilocos Norte Reduces curfew hours for business. Philippine
News Agency.
https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1118279
● Curfew_thesis
https://www.academia.edu/35262587/
● Crime and Punishment: An economic Approach
https://www.jstor.org/stable/1830482
● Theft Description
https://www.google.com/search?q=theft+description&rlz
● Robbery Description https://www.google.com/search?
q=robbery+description&rlz
● Hirschi’s Social Bond/ Social Control Theory
https://www.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/36812_5.pdf
● Acosta, 2020. Curfew ordinances
https://www.philssj.org/index.php/main/article/view/273
● Dangerous Drug Board, 2013. After the passage of RA 9165
https://ddb.gov.ph//images/RA_9165/RA%209165.pdf

APPENDIX A
 44

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

PILI CAPITAL COLLEGE, INC.

COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
San Isidro, Pili, Camarines Sur

March 29, 2023

HON. JERRY S. MABANA
Barangay Captain
San Francisco, Ocampo, Camarines Sur

Dear HON. MABANA:

Greetings of Peace!
My name is Patrick John P. Bautista, I am a Bachelor of Science in Criminology
student at Pili Capital College, Inc. I am currently conducting research study entitled,
“Level of Implementation of curfew ordinance in reducing Theft and Robbery
Incident in Ocampo, Camarines Sur”, in partial fulfillment of the said course.
Relative thereto, I am asking permission to conduct a research study in your good office,
specifically your Brgy. Officials/Tanod and barangay household randomly as
respondents in this research study.
Rest assured that the information gathered will be strictly for research purposes only and
will be kept confidential.
Thank you very much and God Bless!
Respectfully yours,

Patrick John P. Bautista

Researcher

Noted by:

JULIUS O. BAJADO
Research Adviser

Approved by:

DR. WILMOR T. PLOPINIO (Ret. JSUPT)

Dean, College of Criminal Justice Education

APPENDIX B
 45

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

PILI CAPITAL COLLEGE, INC.

COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
San Isidro, Pili, Camarines Sur

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
Name (Optional): ___________________________________ Age: _______
Address: __________________________________________
Gender: ____ (Female) ____ (Male)
This questionnaire is for the household individual of Ocampo, Camarines Sur.
The researcher is conducting a study regarding the Level of Implementation of Curfew
Ordinance in reducing theft and robbery incident. Kindly do not leave an item
unanswered. We assure to keep your answers confidential. Thank you for the time and
effort.
PART I: Below are the Municipal ordinances in Ocampo, Camarines Sur.
Direction: Kindly check the number that indicates your rating using the scale below.

Scale Verbal Interpretation

5 Very Much Aware (VMA)

4 Much Aware (MA)

3 Aware (A)

2 Less Aware (LA)

1 Not Aware At All (NA)

Indicators VMA MA A LA NA
(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
1. PROHIBITION
Minors under the age of 18 years are prohibited to
loiter, idle wander, stroll or play in or upon the public
streets, highways, roads, parks, playgrounds or other
public grounds, public places, public buildings,
vacant lots or other unsupervised places in the
Barangay between the hours of 10 o’clock in the
evening to 4 o’clock in the following morning.
2. EXCEPTIONS
 46

● When the minor is accompanied by the

minor’s parent, guardian or other adult person
or person in authority having the care and
custody of the minor.
● Where the minor is on an emergency errand.

● When the minor is traveling to, or directly

coming from work, church, school or civic
event.
● When the minor is on a sidewalk in front of
his home.
3. VIOLATION
Minors found violating this Ordinance shall be
brought to the Ocampo Police Station for verification
and record purposes, and within a reasonable time,
turned over to the parents or guardians of the minor.
4. BARANGAY TANOD
They shall enforce this ordinance by conducting
roving during curfew hours and bring minors found
violating this Ordinance to the Ocampo Police
Station for verification and record purposes. If during
curfew hours the minor is found about to commit, is
committing, or has committed an offense punishable
under our penal laws, the said minor shall be dealt in
accordance with RA 9344 AN ACT
ESTABLISHING A COMPREHENSIVE
JUVENILE JUSTICE AND WELFARE SYSTEM
and other related laws.
5. BARANGAY OFFICIALS
They shall assist in the implementations of this
ordinance in their respective zone district by
monitoring and reporting violators to local PNP.

PART II: Below are the effective and efficient implementation of Curfew Act.
Direction: Please feel free to rate the implementation of Curfew Act in Ocampo,
Camarines Sur by checking the blank in the appropriate column using the scale below.

Scale Verbal Interpretation

5 Very Much Implemented (VMI)

4 Much Implemented (MI)

 47

3 Implemented (I)

2 Les Implemented (LI)

1 Not Implemented At All

INDICATORS VMI MI I LI NI
(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)

1. Is the curfew law being implemented successfully and

efficiently?
2. Is our nation’s curfew law still relevant?

3. Does the curfew law ensure the youth’s safety?

4. Ensure minors in the Barangay to follow the rules.

5. Barangay Police/ Tanod suite their duties?

6. Does the barangay encourage voluntary compliance of

laws and regulations?
7. Does the barangay police/tanod responds to emergency
calls immediately?
8. Does the said barangay have policies/ regulations
limiting unauthorized activities at night?
9. Is there a regular police presence or patrol route?

10. The laws/ordinance implemented helps the

neighborhood to be a better place to live?

Part III. Have any of the following things ever happened to you? If yes, please tell us
how many times in the last month, and what time of day it was when it happened
(morning, night, 7:00 pm, 10:00 pm, etc).

Indicators Have you ever If yes, how many

times in the past
month?
Yes No Times (x)
1). Been hit by someone trying to hurt
you?
 48

2). Had someone use a weapon or force

to get money or things from you?
3). Been attacked by someone with a
weapon or by someone trying to
seriously hurt or kill you?
4). Had some of your things stolen
from you?

5). Do you experience vehicle theft or

criminal damage?
6). Do you typically spend the night
outside?
7). Have you ever been involved in any
street fights in your barangay?
8). Has there ever been a time when
you were suspected of committing a
crime?
9). Have you heard of community
group meetings to discuss local
problems?
10). Did you ever attend such a meeting
in your barangay?

Signature: ________________

APPENDIX C
DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS

PILI CAPITAL COLLEGE, INC.

COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
San Isidro, Pili, Camarines Sur
March 23, 2023

PMAJ RYAN M. BAGASALA

Chief of Police
Ocampo Municipal Police Station
Ocampo, Camarines Sur

Dear PMAJ BAGASALA:

Greetings of Peace!
 49

My name is Patrick John P. Bautista, I am a Bachelor of Science in Criminology

student at Pili Capital College, Inc. I am currently conducting research study entitled,
“Level of Implementation of curfew ordinance in reducing Theft and Robbery
Incident in Ocampo, Camarines Sur”, in partial fulfillment of the said course.

Relative thereto, I am requesting permission to conduct a research study in your good

office, I am requesting data about recorded cases of theft and robbery incident for the
month of January to June 2022.

Rest assured that the information gathered will be strictly for research purposes only and
will be kept confidential.

Thank you very much and God Bless!

Respectfully yours,

Patrick John P. Bautista

Researcher

Noted by:

JULIUS O. BAJADO
Research Adviser

Approved by:

DR. WILMOR T. PLOPINIO (Ret. JSUPT)

Dean, College of Criminal Justice Education
 50

DOCUMENTATIONS
 51

CURRICULUM VITAE

PATRICK JOHN P. BAUTISTA

patrickjohnbautista1998@gmail.com
09095499450

PERSONAL DATA
_____________________________________________________________________________

Date of birth : June 11, 1998

Address : Zone 1 Ayugan, Ocampo, Camarines Sur
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Roman Catholic
Mother’s Name : Rosemarie P. Bautista
Father’s Name : Ricky L. Bautista

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
_____________________________________________________________________________

Tertiary:
PILI CAPITAL COLLEGE, INC.
San Isidro, Pili, Camarines Sur
2019-2023

MARINERS’ POLYTECHNIC COLLEGES FOUNDATION OF CANAMAN

Canaman, Camarines Sur
2015-2017

Secondary:
UNIBERSIDAD DE STA. ISABEL- PILI CAMPUS
San Agustin, Pili Camarines Sur
2011-2015

Elementary:
HIMAAO ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Himaao, Pili, Camarines Sur
2010