ART APPRECIATION

ART IN EARLY CIVILIZATION

STONE AGE - Is a term used to describe a history when stones were used to make tools for survival
Stone age roughly span 14000-2000 BCE

 Stone caves
 Rock painting
 Stone/Rock weapons

Conjures – an image of men and women dressed in skins, huddling before a fire in a cave.

THREE PERIODS OF STONE AGE

 PALEOLITHIC – the late years of the old stone age

 MESOLITHIC – middle stone age
 NEOLITHIC – new stone age

PREHISTORIC ART

The Stone Age has witnessed how humans were able to lead more stable lives where early
humans turned to the Creation of paintings and sculptures that depict humans, animals, and their
natural habitats, and eventually come up with permanent shelters and tools for survival.

PREHISTORY is defined as the period of time before written records.

Dating conventions and abbreviations:

 BC – Before Christ
 BCE – Before the Common Era
 AD – Anno Domini (in the year of our Lord)
 C or CA – Circa
 C – Century

PALEOLITHIC ART - is a product of climate change. Caves became protective havens for the early
humans and these caves paved the way for the birth of their first attempt to create art. Theseare not
just for decorative but served as religious rituals and reflection of early belief of human life and fertility.

EXAMPLE : HALLS OF BULLS Found in the cave of Lascaux, France

MESOLITHIC ART - The “Venus of Willendorf”. A highly abstracted woman from highlighted body parts
associated with fertility. The representation may show the importance of taking care of these body parts
for procreation and consequently the survival of species.

EXAMPLE: Venus of Willendorf

NEOLITHIC ART - was created in the form of statues, tools, paintings, and architecture. The subject
matter for these murals was mostly geometric patterns and figural shapes.
 EXAMPLE: STONEHENGE in England

EGYPTIAN ART - Art forms are characterized by regularity and detailed depiction of God, human beings,
heroic battles, and nature.

The Egyptian civilization can be divided into three periods:

 OLD KINGDOM - Evident that religion was bound to the afterlife. They created tombs for
important people, paricularly the Pharaohs.
 MIDDLE KINGDOM – One of key features is a shift in the political hierarchy, and art has taken
back seat during this period
 NEW KINGDOM - Art during this had refererences from both of the preceding kingdoms.
Monuments and sculptures were still linked with death and reverence for the deceased.

NARMER PALETTE - It was a palette that utilized and applied dark colors around King Narmer’s eyes. The
Palette was also a symbol that commemorates the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt.

QUEEN NAFERTITI - The bust of Queen Nafertiti has a long sensuous neck and there is emphasis to life-
like features of the face like an elongate jaw and thick-lidded eyes.

KING TUTANKHAMEN - was one of few kings worshipped as a deity during his lifetime; this was usually
done posthumously for most pharaohs. He became king at a very young age and died at the age of
eighteen. The body of the young king was eredred in linen and a gold mask covered his face.

Egyptian Civilization - One of the early civilizations where art flourished.

IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS IN AN ARTWORK OF ART IN EARLY CIVILIZATION

Early civilization art can also be explored chronologically. According to Norman Rockwell 2020 Art was a
visual equal of the tactile and real world. Representational illusionism was employed to show
translucent garments and objects in space. Early civilization artists used every sort of material they
could find, ranging from rock-hard quartzite to softer stones like steatite, serpentine, sandstone and
limestone, as well as mammoth ivory, reindeer antler, and animal bones.
ART EMERGING IN EUROPE

Renaissance art - is marked by a gradual shift from the abstract forms of the medieval period to the
representational forms of the 15th century. Subjects grew from mostly biblical scenes to include
portraits, episodes from Classical religion, and events from contemporary.

'renaissance' - is a French word translating to rebirth. It symbolised the beginning of a new era of art,
rebirthing the classical models of Ancient Greek and Rome periods while using the modern techniques.

Leonardo Da Vinci - He serves as a role model applying the scientific method to every aspect of life,
including art and music. Although he is best known for his dramatic and expressive artwork.

- also conducted dozens of carefully thought out experiments and created futuristic
inventions that were groundbreaking for the time.

Michaelangelo - his contributions to art spanned various disciplines, including painting, sculpture, and
architecture. He played a crucial role in defining and shaping the artistic style and ideals of the
Renaissance, particularly in Italy.

- Pietá, 1498/99 The Renaissance Art

The Baroque Art - began in Italy in the late 16th century and spread throughout Europe in the 17 th
century. It was a time of great religious and political upheaval, and Baroque art was often used as a
means of propaganda by the Catholic Church and monarchs.

Gian Lorenzo Bernini - He was an Italian sculptor, architect, and painter who is known for his dramatic
and emotional sculptures. His works include the Ecstasy of Saint Teresa and the Apollo and Daphne
sculptures.

- The Rape of Proserpina The Baroque Artist

Peter Paul Rubens - is considered a Baroque artist due to his adoption of the artistic style, subject
matter, and the characteristic features associated with the Baroque era. His works embody the
dramatic, dynamic, and emotional qualities that define the Baroque period, making him a significant
figure in the development of Baroque art.

- Massacre of the Innocents,1612 The Baroque Art

Romanticism Art - The emergence of Romanticism in Europe in the late 18th-early 19th centuries was a
response to the Age of Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution. Romantic artists rejected the
rationalism of the Enlightenment and the industrialization of society, and instead focused on emotion,
individualism, and nature.

Caspar David Friedrich - German Romantic landscape painter who is known for his atmospheric
depictions of nature. He is famous for his use of the sublime in his paintings, which conveyed a sense of
awe and fear in the face of the vastness and power of nature.

- Wanderer above a sea of Fog, 1818 The Romanticism Art

John Mallord William Turner - he emphasis on emotion, imagination, the sublime, nature, individual
expression, and his engagement with historical and literary themes make him a prominent artist
associated with the Romanticism movement. His works exemplify the key characteristics and ideals of
Romantic art.

- Calais Pier, 1801 The Romaticism Art

Impressionism - was a 19th-century art movement characterized by relatively small, thin, yet visible
brush strokes, open composition, emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities (often
accentuating the effects of the passage of time), ordinary subject matter, unusual visual angles, and
inclusion of movement as a crucial element of human perception and experience.

Claude Monet - is considered to be one of the founding fathers of Impressionism. Monet loved to paint
in the open air and capture in his paintings the natural light. Figures we replaced by light and
atmosphere as subjects of Monet's paintings. He was not interested in conforming to the notions of
conventional art that he went on to defy them by experimenting with art.

- Rouen Cathedra: Facade of Sunset, 1894 Impressionism Art

Édouard Manet - is often associated with Impressionism due to his significant influence on the
movement and his incorporation of certain key characteristics associated with Impressionist art. While
Manet himself did not consider himself an Impressionist and maintained his independence as an artist,
his work paved the way for the development of Impressionism.

- Execution of Maximillian, 1867 Impressionism Art

Modernism Art - is a broad term that encompasses a wide range of styles and movements that emerged
in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Modernist artists rejected traditional forms of art, such as
realism and representationalism, and instead sought to create new forms of expression that reflected
the changing world around them.

Pablo Picasso - was born in Spain in 1881 and died in France in 1973. He is one of the most famous and
influential artists of the 20th century. Picasso was a pioneer of Cubism, a revolutionary art movement
that broke down objects into geometric forms. He also experimented with other styles, including
Expressionism, Surrealism, and Neoclassicism. Picasso was a prolific artist, and he produced a vast body
of work that includes paintings, sculptures, drawings, prints, and ceramics.

- The Weeping Woman , 1959 Modernism Art

Henri Matisse - his bold use of color, simplified forms, experimental techniques, and emphasis on
subjective expression make him a prominent figure in the modernist movement. His contributions
helped shape the trajectory of modern art and continue to influence artists to this day.

- The Woman with a Hat, 1905 Modern Art

Contemporary art - is a diverse and dynamic field that encompasses various artistic practices and forms
of expression. In Europe, the emergence of contemporary art has been marked by several key
developments and influences.

Jean Dubuffet - his artistic style, his promotion of Art Brut, his rejection of academic norms, his
influential art theories, and his international recognition and influence contribute to his status as a
contemporary artist. His contributions to the art world have left a lasting impact, shaping the direction
and discourse of contemporary art in Europe and beyond.

- Man Eating Small Stone, 1944 Contemporary Art

ART IN ASIA

 CAMBODIA Angkor Wat Temple (c.1115-1145) Architecture & Sculpture of 12 th century Khmer
temple in Cambodia, built by King Suryavarman II, to serve as his mausoleum
 Chinese Pottery (18,000 BCE - 1911 CE) History and development of porcelain, celadon and
stoneware.
 INDIA Bhimbetka Petroglyphs (290,000-700,000 BCE) World's oldest cave art. Cupules found at
Auditorium Cave & Daraki-Chattan Rock Shelter. Art in India: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture
Introduction to the visual arts of the Indian Subcontinent.
 INDONESIA Sulawesi Cave art (Indonesia) (c.37,900 BCE) Asia's oldest known cave art, proof that
creativity first emerged before modern man left Africa to migrate around the world.
 JAPAN Ukiyo-e Woodblock Prints (c.1670-1900) Japanese woodcuts that were hugely
fashionable during the Edo culture (Tokyo), by artists like Hiroshige (1797-1858) and Hokusai
(1760-1849). Exported to Europe in the 1860s.
 Korean Art (from 3,000 BCE) Including its prehistoric culture, as well as arts from the Three
Kingdoms period, Silla Period, Goryeo Dynasty, Joseon Dynasty, and Modern period.
 Philippines Pre-Spanish Period (6185 BC - 1520 AD) * In Philippines History, this period is also
called the pre - colonial era. Pre-colonial Times (6185 BC to 1520 AD).

CAMBODIA
 Chinese Pottery (18,000 BCE – 1911 CE)History and development of porcelain, celadon and
stoneware.
 Xianrendong Cave Pottery (c.18,000 BCE)World's oldest clay-fired pots, found in Jiangxi
Province.
 Yuchanyan Cave (16,000 BCE)World's second oldest ceramic ware discovered in a limestone rock
shelter south of the Yangzi River basin in Hunan Province. Chinese Painting (from c.200 BCE) Ink
and Wash paintings, Mountain-and-Water paintings, Tang Landscapes, Song Dynasty Golden Age
of Chinese painting Golden Age of Chinese painting (960-1279), Roll paintings
 Appreciating Plums (1598-1652)By Chen Hongshou.Guangdong Provincial Museum.Example of
Ming Dynasty art. Asia's oldest known cave art, proof that creativity first emerged before
modern man left africa to migrate around the world.
INDIA

 Cupule and meander petroglyph on a boulder at the Auditorium Cave, Bhimbetka, Madhya
Pradesh, India (c.290,000-700,000 BCE). The world's Oldest Art.
 Seated Ganesha, Indian Sculpture(1300-1400 CE)Taj Mahal (1632-54) A masterpiece of 17th
century Mughal architecture
 Taj Mahal, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaA superb example of Islamic art andMughal (Mogul)
architecture.
INDONESIA

 Sulawesi Cave art (Indonesia) (c.37,900 BCE) Asia's oldest known cave art, proof that creativity
first emerged before modern man left Africa to migrate around the world.
 Hand Stencil (Top Centre Right)found at Leang Timpuseng Cave atMaros Pangkep, Sulawesi,
Indonesia.Dating to 37,900 BCE. The oldesthand painting in the world.
 Guardian Deity (Kongorikishi) (711)Temple sculpture in clay & wood

JAPAN

 UKIYO-E-WOODBLOCK-Prints (c.1670-1900) Japanese woodcuts that were hugely fashionable

during the Edo culture (Tokyo), by artists like Hiroshige (1797-1858) and Hokusai (1760-1849).
Exported to Europe in the 1860s.
 Mount Fuji in Clear Weather (c.1829)British Museum.
 Japonism (c.1854-1900)Name given to the late-19th century European craze for Japanese art –
notably screens, fans, lacquers, silks, porcelains and Ukiyo-e prints.

korean art

 Including its prehistoric culture, as well as arts from the Three Kingdoms period, Silla Period,
Goryeo Dynasty, Joseon Dynasty, and Modern period.
 Blue and White Porcelain Jarwith plum and bamboo design15th century Joseon Dynasty.Hoam
Art Museum, Yongin,Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.For East Asia's oldest ceramics,
 Buddha Sculpture at Seokguram CaveWorld Heritage site, South Korea.8th century, Silla
Dynasty.

Philippines Pre-Spanish Period (6185 BC - 1520 AD)

 In Philippines History, this period is also called the pre - colonial era. Pre-colonial Times (6185 BC
to 1520 AD)
 Pre-colonial Times (6185 BC to 1520 AD) Prior to the coming of the Spaniards, Philippines is
made up of community called barangay which is highly civilized and artistically inclined to art
creation.
 Local Communities starts to emerged and starts creating mere craft.
 Divided into 3 parts

* Age of Neolithic / Horticulture Period (6185 to 4,400 BC)

NOTABLE ART WORKS / ART PIECES

 TATTOOS - ancient Filipinos used tattoos and cave carvings to expressed paintings.
 THE PINTADOS – meaning "the painted ones " inhabitants of the Visayan Island. They used
sharp metal instruments previously heated over fire.
 SILUP - a type of tattooing imitating the upper garment worn by the men of Kalinga - the women
of south kalinga painted their faces bright red.
 APO WHANG-OD - Apo Whang-od also known as Maria Oggay, a filipino tattoo artist from
Kalinga and often called as the oldest and "last" mambabatok
 - One of the National Artists of the Philippines / one of the National Living
Treasures
 PETROGLYPHS - Angono Petroglyphs is the oldest type of art work in the Philippines
- There are 127 human and animal figures engraved on the rock caves or wall.
 THE OKIR - "Sarimanok and Fish" Abdulmari Asia Imao SCULPTURE
- Ancient Filipinos attained high artistic level through pottery, jewelry and wood
carving.