Chemical Kinetics

30 Minutes Revision
Panchal
By-Bharat
ONE
SOTMORT NOTES

POVOR MCQ
CHEMICAL KINETICS, i the branch of chemistry which
deals with the study of lates of chemical reaction
their mechanism and the conditions in which rates
can be altered.

ON THE BASIS OF SPEED

i VERY FAST REACTION: Some reaction such as
ionic reactions occur very
fast AgNOs+Nacl Agle NaNOs
e.g -> +

ii) VERY SLOW REACTION: Some reactions are

slow it takes
months to in very
completion
years
e.g. Rusting of iron in the presence fair and moisture
·
Formation of coal and petrolium

iii) MODERATE REACTION: Those reactions which are

very slow nor

neither

very fast but takes place at moderate speed.

inversion of cane sugar

e.g
E CsH1zO6 +CoHizOc
C2HecOll +HO
Glucose fructose
ON THE BASIS OF NUMBER OF STEPS =>
COMPLEX REACTIONS
ELEMENTARY REACTIONS when a sequence of elementary
reactions gives us the product called
complex reaction, each step in a
The
in
reactions taking place
called
complex reaction is called elementary RXL.
one steps are
slowest step called rate
elementary reaction
determining step.
RATE OF CHEMICAL REACTION:
It to the change in molar
concentration
of species taking part in the chemical reaction
per unit time.
for the reaction -> B

Rate of disappearance of A
in
Decrease
conc.gA=-
-

Time taken
Rate of disappearance of B

-Increase inCOUCgB =

E
+R
NOTE
The concentration of reactant
decreases, so it
represent by-we sign, while
the cone of product increases
so it represented by the sign. I
↑ YPES OF RATE OF REACTION:

Same
Rate
Smtaneous
Rate

change in molar conc change in molar concoreactan

of reactant and product and product at a given
at a given interval of time instant of time.

R i p

dealto
InSt.
Alg. Rate of
=
-MEB
-

+ATP]
Reaction #

Rate of Reaction

RECATION BETWEEN RATE OF REACTION AND STOICHIOME TRY

·) A+ B -2 + D
Rate
Qxn-A=-deB= +E= +RD
It is clear from stoichiometry of reaction
8)
2A-x C+D that the rate of disappearance of A
③twice the velocity of formation gcOD
& AtCB-3C+CD,
will be
the rate
of disappearance of B is 2x10 mos
what
(i) Rate GRx (iilRatey change in conc.
G A and (

dA)=rd.tdttARE
-

AmRate I disappearance B,
-d= 1x10-2molLs-1
RakgRxn=-IdCAS-IdBs=tds= td
:Rate Rx
IdB=X1.0x10-= 0.5x10-
mol(-19-

(ii) Rate I change in

ConcoA-dea)=R0.R = 0.5x102m
(v15-1

Rate of Change in conc. of <

+dc: 3XR.0.R = 3 X0.5x10-

1.5x10-Mol(- 15-1
 So, rate
of reaction can be given as below

Rate Ron d= +c: tp

eg 5Br + BrO5 +6Ut <3BVe +JHcO

eag) cel
cag) (ag.) g)
Rate of Reachon:
Bry= HEBrOsof AH: AALB-c

min BATE OF REACTION

Molemenart
Mol(sect
E
1
A =
MLL -

>
or
seconminovar

Consider a
general reaction:

& A + bB ->CC

Rate of reaction
--EdtA=-EdBB-tEda

rateadisabledLaced AFdaOro
SmFRS
AFFECTING RATE OF REACTION

·
CONCENTERATION OF REACTANT:
It is observed that rate
# reactiondecreases with time. We know that initially
the cone of reactant is maximum so the rate of change
in conc. is also maximum. As the cone reactant decreases
when the rate of reaction also decrease
It means that the rate of reaction
in
directly proportional to the conc. of reactant
·
TEMPERATURE OF SYSTEM:
reactions approximately increasegenerally,therate ofall
inte
In other words, the rate of reaction also decreases
on
decreasing temp. Generally, the rate of reaction mixture
increases two to three times on
increasing
temp. upto 20%
·
NATURE OF REACTANT:
In a chemical reaction old bonds
are broken and new bonds are formed
so, the reactivity of substance depends on
breaking and formation of specific bonds
2 NO tOc ->
aNOc (fast)
CC0 +02-2COc(Slow
·
EFFECT OF CATALYST:
Catalyst

increasethewaterorfeactiornepresent
change in them.

It considered that
is

presence of catalyst decrease

the activation energy of reactant
which increase the rate of a
SURFACE AREA
↑the
greater the surface area of reactant, higher
rate of reaction. observed that if
It is
rectant is a solid substance then rate of reaction depends
upon the size of its particles
e.gA piece of wood burn slowly but it burns rapidly
when cut into small pieces.
EXPOSURE TO RADIATION:
the rate of some reactions
increases rapidly in presence of radiation (UV and visible
Photons of UV and visible light having high energy
dissociate chemical bonds of reactants rapidly which
innease the rate of reaction.
with
Matt, Indark, ence(Slow) hatchance (explosion
BATELAN
Rate of Reaction in directly proportional to
the product of molar concentration of reactant and
each raise to the power their coefficient on which
rate of reaction actually depends
aA+DB->Product Rate Constant
actual
used d
*
or
specific Reaction
rate
Rate of Rxn =
KTA) <[BJP
↳Rate law for any reaction can not be predicted
theoretically but must be determined experimentally

RATE CONSTANT:
rate constant is equal to rate
of reaction when concentration of each reactant

becomes unity.
ORDER:
It is the sum of powers acs to rate law
expression.
Rate of Rxn = KTA)<TDTP - order: a + B
Immunistics of Bate constant

& Indicates the speed of reaction, greater the value

of rate constant, faster is the reaction.
·

I Every reaction has a particular value of rate

constant at a particular temperature.
6)
The rate constant for the same reaction differs
with temperature.
3) The value of rate constant for a reaction does
not depend upon the concentration of reactant
o
The unit of rate constant to dependent on the
order
of reaction.
MOLECULARITY OF REACTION

The total number of atoms, ions or molecules of the

readant which collide effectively to give product
is turned as its molecularity
A-Product, Molecularity 1 = 3
NHyNOc -> Nat CHO
2A-> Product, Molecularity C =

3
anI - > Ha +2
A+ B Product, MolecularingC
-
↳
Product,
(NO +02- 2NOL
A+ Btc -> Molecularity: 3
Characteristic of Molecularity:
·

Molecularity of a reaction is always an integer

values (a
It can not have fractional or zero zero
·
a

molecularity implies that no efective collision blu

reactant molecule takes place it reaction doesn't

occur at all).

judged by balanced chemical

Molecularity
· can be a
MyU
·for a complex reaction, molecularity has no
significance
N205-<NOc+t@ molecularity: 1 CHI-Hc+F
mole: 2
ORDER OF REACTION

The order of a reaction is defined as the sum of powers

to which the concentration terms are raised in rate
law equation.
A+ 2B ->C+D
Rate law R: KCATM 1534 (experimentally
inched.
order w.st A-m, order wrt B =

Overall order of given reaction: mth

9 what
. is the order of reaction?
At Rate law, R: KTA] [B]Z
order of reaction:2 or 2.5

Characteristics of order of a Reaction:

6)
It represents the number of species whose concentration
affects the rate of reaction directly.
·)
Reaction order can be obtained by adding all the exponents
of the concentration turns in rate expression.
· The stoichiometric coefficients
corresponding to each
species in the balanced reaction have no effect on the
order of the reaction

) The reaction order of a chemical reaction is always

defined with the help of reactant concentration and
not with product concentration.

for
8)
a complex reaction, the slowest step is rate determining
step
Zero Order Reaction.

Rate:
KCATHa +CoaHC: 2NcO-CN tOr
First Order Reaction:
Rate: K9A)'2Hg0c-2Hc +0
c

Second Order Reaction

Rate =
KTAJC

eg C+Oo ->CO +O

2 NOs -> 2NO+0

UNIT OF RATE CONSTANT

k =
(m(1-1r"sec K =
(atml" sect

zero order
(m0((1)0sect > MoLL
n=0
k =

sec-

first order n =
2 &= (mol2-1) sect is sec

second order n 2 =

1: (Mol(-1'* sect > molt (1 sect

Half Order n= 12 k: (Mo1(1) sect on molin[y2 sect

⑨. Identify the reaction order

(i) K= 2.3x10551moltst -> Order =

(ii)K =
3x10-45-1 -> Order: 1

8 The conversion of molecules X to 4 follows second

order kinetics, if concentration of X is increased to
three times how will it affect the rate of formation gy?
#
The reaction is X-Y
Acc. to rate law
rate: K[X]*

If (X) is increased to s times, then

rater= K[3XY

rate" g =

KIXC
gxrate
=>
Zero Order Reaction
those reaction whose rate depends
upon zero concentration terms of reactant

RC P
Rate of Reaction a TRS
-
R kt I
= +

dB,T
-

-
R: Kt-Ro
-
dTR): K.dt

B.SCIntegerating
=> both sides Ro-R= KE

=
SdTRY=K/dt
-

R
- Integeration
-
-

kt 1
-

=
constant
+

to
getthe value
of I

t 0,=

R: Ro
-
Ro:I
- -
-

Put I in equation I ↑T

q
x
dx
At I "
-+"
Y
t ->
(ax) (a1 +
Integrated Rate Equation
frst Order
Those reaction whose rate depends upon one
concentration term of reactant.

R -> P
o Ii egO
Rate of Reaction < TRT Put value

ER)-Ke 253lg
-
InR= kt + I t =

-luR= kt-In Ro

luRo-lnQ: Kt
IoBS
(Integerating both sides
lng: Kt
t
253 al
leg of
=

Ides= K(d +
-

lnR= K+ +

value of
IFinlegera into
Slight t70%
to get the I UNIT =
Mol(-lg -
1

t 0,
=
R: Ro

Eden
25lig70
-
luRo =
E =

1
I

log
La )
-
at f
i "
>
t (a
->
->
(a -
x) ->
alf
H life of a Reaction:
The time in which the concentration
of a reactant is reduced to one half of its initial cons.
It is represented by tyz

He, to
t
203 lug
B-RE
=

re
tv cox engx &
=

t:
RFR t = +
1z/R: Pol

tik:
Re g
collision frequency
no. of collisions per second
ber unit volume of mixture. It is
reacting
generally denoted
by 2

consider the biomolecular reaction

AtB -> Product

Acc. to collision
theory ...

Rate =
?ABe-EaIRT
PSEUDO FIRST ORDER REACTION
Reaction which are not
truely of the first order but under
certain conditions become reactions of first order are called

pseudo first order Reactions -

eg Acid catalysed inversion of cane sugar

H
P2H2201 +Hg0 -> Cotiz8x +CHizOs
cexcess
Glucose Quctose

Rate =
KICIzHacO 11]
Acid Catalused hydrolysis of ethyl acetate.

E, CHsCOOH +CaM5OH
CH,COOCH5 + HO
cexcess)
Rate: KICH,CO0 EM5]
Both of the above reactions are biomolecular but are found
to be the first order because water present in such a

large excess that its concentration remains almost constant

during the reaction.
*
Effect of Temperature on rate of reaction: -

The rate of reaction increases with increase in temperature

Arrhenius proposed an equation that related temperature

and rate constant for a reaction quantitaxely

Acc. to Arrhenius Equation
-
-

K = Ae
-

EaIRT

where

K =
rate constant of
the R.XY ·
A= Arrhenius factor/Frequency
factes
I are exponential fastox
=
a= Activation Energy
Runiversal Gas Constant
=

:Temp. in Kelvin (absolute

↑
re
 ki =
2X10-2 To 300K

kc =
AX10.R F=310K

eg
)
= csa)
lgtoactavs,43)
Ea,OSS-1X8-61+x31x300
-
I
than
you