Waste Management Practices Among Grade 11 Students in SJNHS: Basis for

Sustainable Programs

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Waste management refers to systematic disposal and recycling waste materials in

order to minimize the negative impacts on out environment and health. Educational
institutions play a vital role in promoting waste management practices among students as
they are the future leaders. It is essential to educate the younger generation about the
importance of waste management and empower them to make informed decisions about
waste disposal.
This study aims to assess the level of practices in waste management among Grade 11
students in SJNHS. By understanding their practices towards waste management, the
researcher will identify areas that need improvement and develop targeted interventions to
promote proper waste management among youth.

Background of the Study

The escalating generation of waste produced in educational institutions has long been
criticized for numerous issues, including environmental impacts, health hazards, sanitation
issues, and management inadequacies (Sahadevan et al., 2019). In response, the Philippine
government has implemented several environmental policies intended to address this
problem, including the “Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000” (Republic Act No.
9003) However, compliance with the law in educational institutions is challenging due to
various factors such as inadequate infrastructure, lack of awareness, and insufficient policies
and regulations (Dawang & Maharjan, 2019). Waste management is a critical societal issue
that affects the environment, economy, and public health. It is a complex issue that requires
concerted efforts from different stakeholders, such as governments, industries, and
individuals. In recent years, waste-related problems have become increasingly urgent in the
Philippines, where limited storage space, insufficient waste collection and recycling facilities,
and inadequate public education and awareness are compounded by rapid population growth
and urbanization. A report named “A Global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management to 2050”
includes a comprehensive collection of solid waste data at both national and urban levels. The
report offers projections and estimates of waste generation until 2030 and 2050, besides
providing significant data dimensions from costs related to waste management to disposal.
Schools, as important institutions in the community, can play an important role in promoting
sustainability and responsible waste management among students, who are the future leaders
and citizens of the society.

San Jose National High School

 Waste Management Practices Among Grade 11 Students in SJNHS: Basis for
Sustainable Programs

San Jose National High School (SJNHS), like many other schools in the country,
faces waste management challenges that pose risks to the students’ health, the school’s
environment, and the community as a whole. Despite the school’s efforts to follow the
Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000, there is still evidence of improper waste
disposal, littering, and non-compliance with established policies and guidelines.

As an institution that prioritizes environmental sustainability, SJNHS has already

taken steps to implement waste management practices, such as providing separate waste bins
for different types of waste and conducting occasional clean-up drives. However, there is a
need to evaluate the effectiveness of these initiatives and explore further strategies to foster a
culture of sustainable waste management among the students. Therefore, this study aims to
assess the waste management awareness and practices among grade 11 students of San Jose
National High School (SJNHS),a public school located in Barangay San Jose, Floridablanca
Pampanga, to come up with a waste management recommendations policies for the school.
By conducting a survey among grade 11 students, the study aims to identify the level of
awareness, knowledge, and practices about waste management. The results of the study will
provide conclusive evidence for the implementation of waste management practices by
educational institutions.

Conceptual Framework

Fig. 1. Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Demographic Profile: • Survey questionnaire to Recommendations for waste

gather data education programs that can
• Age • Statistical analysis have the most significant
• Sex impact on promoting
• Strand sustainable waste practices
among grade 11 students.

The input variable involves the demographic profile of the respondents. The process
involves using a survey questionnaire to gather detailed information on waste management

San Jose National High School

 Waste Management Practices Among Grade 11 Students in SJNHS: Basis for
Sustainable Programs

practices of grade 11 students and conducting analysis on data collected. The output of this
study is improvement and recommendations on the best waste education programs to promote
sustainable waste management practices among grade 11 students.

Research Hypothesis

Alternative Hypothesis Ha: There is a relationship between the level of proper waste
management practices among Grade 11 students in SJNHS.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to fill this gap and provide insights into the waste management
practices of grade 11 students, which can subsequently inform waste management programs
and ultimately contribute to the sustainable development goals of the SJNHS. The findings of
this study will be of great significance to policymakers and educators who seek to improve
waste management practices at SJNHS.

1. What are the attitudes and behaviors of Grade 11 students in SJNHS towards waste
management?

2. How knowledgeable are Grade 11 students in SJNHS about proper waste management
practices?

3. What are the potential solutions or recommendations to improve waste management

practices among Grade 11 students in SJNHS?

Definition of Terms

Waste Management: The systematic process of collecting of waste in a manner.

Awareness: The level of knowledge and understanding about waste management among
grade 11 students.
Practices: The actions and habits of grade 11 students regarding waste management.
Ecological Solid Management Act of 2000: It’s a Philippine law that mandates the proper
segregation, collection and disposal of solid waste.

San Jose National High School

 Waste Management Practices Among Grade 11 Students in SJNHS: Basis for
Sustainable Programs

Significance of the Study

The significance of the study is that it can contribute to a broader understanding of the factors
that influence waste management practices and sustainable behaviors among young adults.
The beneficiaries of this study include:
Students – The study will help students by giving them accurate information that can improve
their understanding and being aware to proper waste management.
Teachers – The study’s findings will assist teachers in developing effective teaching strategies
related to waste management.
Supreme Student Government Council – The study’s results will offer valuable insights into
the specific problem faced by the school regarding waste management.
People – Sharing the study’s findings can engage organization within the community in
supporting and promoting sustainable waste management policies

Scope and Delimitation

This study aims to assess the level of waste management practices among Grade 11
students in SJNHS (San Jose National High School). The scope of this study will focus on
gathering information and understanding the practices of Grade 11 students specifically
related to waste management

CHAPTER II

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design
Quantitative research is a valuable approach for researchers seeking to obtain precise
measurements, test hypotheses, and generate empirical evidence to address research questions
in a systematic and objective manner. Quantitative research is a research strategy that focuses
on quantifying the collection and analysis of data. It is formed from a deductive approach
where emphasis is placed on the testing of theory, shaped by empiricist and positivist
philosophies (Wikipedia,2020).

Population

The population for our study would be all Grade 11 students currently enrolled at
SJNHS who will be the target participants for our study.

San Jose National High School

 Waste Management Practices Among Grade 11 Students in SJNHS: Basis for
Sustainable Programs

Sampling
A simple random sample is a randomly selected subset of a population. In this
sampling method, each member of the population has an exactly equal chance of being
selected. This method is the most straightforward of all the probability sampling methods,
since it only involves a single random selection and requires little advance knowledge about
the population. Because it uses randomization, any research performed on this sample should
have high internal and external validity, and be at a lower risk for research biases like
sampling bias and selection bias (Scribbr, 2014)

Data Collection

To carry out the study, we will use closed-ended questionnaires because it’s offer
advantages in terms of time efficiency, standardization, larger sample sizes, and accessibility,
making them a preferred choice in many data collection scenarios (QuestionPro,2018)

Statistical Tool
According to Saul McLeod, 2023, the 5-point Likert scale is a commonly used survey
response scale that measures the behavior, attitudes and practices with a statement or
question. It consists of a series of statements or questions, each with a set of response options
ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree. The five response options typically used in
a 5-point Likert scale are:

1. Always
2. Frequently
3. Occasionally
4. Rarely
5. Never

Weight/Scale Mean Range Verbal Interpretation

5 4.51 – 5.00 Always
4 3.51 – 4.50 Frequently
3 2.51 – 3.50 Occasionally
2 1.51 – 2.50 Rarely
1 1.00 – 1.50 Never

CHAPTER III

Results and Discussion

San Jose National High School

 Waste Management Practices Among Grade 11 Students in SJNHS: Basis for
Sustainable Programs

This study involved the grade 11 students of SJNHS as the respondents. As a result,
the researchers utilized a 5-point Likert Scale and employed stratified random sampling to
determine the number of respondents taken from the population.

Table 1. Likert Scale Verbal Interpretation

Weight/Scale Mean Range Verbal Interpretation
5 4.51-5.00 Always
4 3.51-4.50 Frequently
3 2.51-3.50 Occasionally
2 1.51-2.50 Rarely
1 1.00-1.50 Never

The researchers have adapted a Likert Scale instrument to measure the level of
practices and knowledge of grade 11 students, as well as to identify areas for improvement
within the school by determining the problems encountered by the students.

To describe the gathered data, the researchers used the weighted mean. This measure
was employed to assess the level of practices and knowledge of grade 11 students regarding
waste management, as well as to identify the problems encountered by the students that
require improvement within the school. The average of the responses for each item was
calculated and interpreted based on the range of the obtained averages, as presented in Table
1.

Table 2. The level of current waste management practices

Options Mean Range Mean Verbal Interpretation
5 4.51-5.00 0.4 Always
4 3.51-4.50 0.56 Frequently
3 2.51-3.50 0.66 Occasionally
2 1.51-2.50 0.96 Rarely
1 1.00-1.50 0.08 Never
General Weighted Mean – 2.66 – Occasionally
Table 2 reveals that, on average, grade 11 students have an occasional level of
engagement in waste management practices. The mean score of 2.66 falls slightly below the
midpoint of the 5-point Likert scale, indicating that their involvement is not consistently high
or frequent. The majority of students tend to select the option representing occasional usage
or engagement in waste management practices. This suggests that there is room need
improvement in their waste management behaviors.

San Jose National High School

 Waste Management Practices Among Grade 11 Students in SJNHS: Basis for
Sustainable Programs

Table 3. The level of knowledge about proper waste management practices

Options Mean Range Mean Verbal Interpretation
5 4.51-5.00 0.4 Always
4 3.51-4.50 0.64 Frequently
3 2.51-3.50 1.02 Occasionally
2 1.51-2.50 0.52 Rarely
1 1.00-1.50 0.16 Never
General Weighted Mean – 2.74 – Occasionally

The data from Table 3 suggests that, on average, grade 11 students possess a moderate
level of knowledge about proper waste management practices. The mean score of 2.74 falls
slightly above the midpoint of the Likert scale, indicating that students generally have some
familiarity with the subject matter.
On a 5-point Likert scale, a score of 2.74 suggests that the majority of grade 11
students tend to select the option indicating occasional knowledge or understanding of proper
waste management practices.
While this interpretation indicates that students have some awareness of waste
management, there is still room for improvement. It implies that there are gaps in their
knowledge and understanding that need to be addressed to enhance their understanding and
application of proper waste management practices.While this indicates a baseline level of
awareness, there is still room for improvement in their knowledge. It suggests that there are
gaps in their understanding that should be addressed to enhance their comprehension and
knowledge about proper waste management practices.

Table 4. The Level of effectiveness of current waste management practices in SJNHS

Options Mean Range Mean Verbal Interpretation
5 4.51-5.00 0.4 Always
4 3.51-4.50 0.48 Frequently
3 2.51-3.50 0.48 Occasionally
2 1.51-2.50 0.76 Rarely
1 1.00-1.50 0.26 Never
General Weighted Mean – 2.38 – Rarely

Table 4 reveals that grade 11 students at SJNHS perceive their current waste
management practices as rarely effective. The mean score of 2.38 indicates that the majority
of students consider the effectiveness of waste management to be low. This suggests that
there are significant deficiencies in the existing waste management system at SJNHS, which
may lead to inefficiencies, improper waste disposal, and potential environmental issues. To
address these concerns, it is recommended to focus on education and awareness campaigns,
improve infrastructure, encourage student involvement, establish regular monitoring and

San Jose National High School

 Waste Management Practices Among Grade 11 Students in SJNHS: Basis for
Sustainable Programs

evaluation processes, and foster collaboration with local authorities and organizations. These
measures aim to enhance waste management practices at SJNHS, promote sustainability, and
address the shortcomings identified by the students’ perceptions.

CHAPTER IV

Summary of findings

The findings from the data analysis indicate that grade 11 students at SJNHS have an
occasional level of engagement in waste management practices. Their involvement is not
consistently high or frequent, as indicated by the mean score of 2.66 on the Likert scale.
Similarly, their knowledge about proper waste management practices is moderate, with a
mean score of 2.74. This suggests that while students have some familiarity with waste
management, there are still gaps in their understanding and application of proper practices.
Additionally, students perceive their current waste management practices as rarely effective,
with a mean score of 2.38.

Conclusion

Based on the results, it can be concluded that there is room for improvement in the
waste management behaviors, knowledge, and effectiveness at SJNHS. The findings
highlight the need to address the deficiencies in waste management practices to prevent
inefficiencies, improper waste disposal, and potential environmental issues.

Recommendations

Education and Awareness Campaigns: Implement comprehensive educational programs to

raise students’ awareness of proper waste management practices and educate them about the
environmental impact of improper waste disposal.

San Jose National High School

 Waste Management Practices Among Grade 11 Students in SJNHS: Basis for
Sustainable Programs

Infrastructure Improvement: Invest in improved waste management infrastructure,

including separate waste bins for recycling and composting. Ensure sufficient facilities and
resources are available to support effective waste management practices.
Student Involvement: Encourage active student participation in waste management
initiatives by establishing waste management clubs or committees. Involve students in
planning and implementing sustainable waste management practices within the school
community.
Monitoring and Evaluation: Establish regular processes for monitoring and evaluating
waste management practices. Collect data on waste generation, recycling rates, and disposal
methods to identify areas that require improvement and measure the effectiveness of
implemented measures.

Collaboration: Foster collaboration with local authorities, waste management organizations,

and environmental agencies. Seek partnerships to leverage resources, expertise, and support
in implementing sustainable waste management practices.

References
Raising Awareness on Solid Waste Management through Formal Education for Sustainability:
A Developing Countries Evidence Review: https://www.mdpi.com/2313-4321/6/1/6
Republic Act of 9003: https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2001/01/26/republic-act-no-9003-s-
2001/
Waste Mismanagement in Developing Countries: A Review of Global Issues:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6466021/
What a Waste 2.0: A Global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management to 2050:
https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/697271544470229584/text/What-a-Waste-
2-0-A-Global-Snapshot-of-Solid-Waste-Management-to-2050.txt
Close Ended Questions : Definition, Types with Example : https://www.questionpro.com/close-
ended-questions.html
Quantitative research: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantitative_research

Simple Random Sampling | Definition, Steps & Examples :

https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/simple-random-sampling/#:~:text=Simple%20random
%20sampling%20is%20a,possible%20of%20this%20random%20subset.
Likert Scale Questionnaire: Examples & Analysis: https://www.simplypsychology.org/likert-
scale.html

San Jose National High School

 Waste Management Practices Among Grade 11 Students in SJNHS: Basis for
Sustainable Programs

San Jose National High School