C226-06 With Erratum

Erratum to
ANSI/AWWA C226-06
Standard
For
Stainless-Steel Fittings for Waterworks

Service, Sizes ½ In. Through 72 In.
(13 mm Through 1,800 mm)
(February 2008)
1. Change Section 4.2.3.6, page 11, to read:

Fitting wall thickness. Fabricated fitting wall thickness will be determined by the appro-
priate formulae in the latest AWWA Manual M11, with consideration that the designer shall
review formulae, methods of design, yield strength, modulus of elasticity, etc., for proper ap-
plication of stainless-steel fittings. The formulae for determining pipe-wall thickness based on
internal and external loadings are applicable. Cylinder thickness based on internal pressure is
determined using the Barlow hoop-stress formula. The modified Iowa formula shall be used for
calculating the deflection of buried pipe. The maximum allowable calculated deflection shall
be 5 percent. Equation 9-2 in AWWA Manual M11 shall be used for the determination of wall
thickness for mitered stainless-steel elbows. In the reinforcement of stainless-steel fittings, wrap-
pers, collars, and crotch plates shall use the carbon-steel formulae in AWWA Manual M11, with
a minimum yield of 25 ksi, or 30 ksi if dual-certified stainless steel is used. As with carbon steel,
a 6,000 PDV or greater will indicate the requirement for a crotch plate.
Copyright © 2008 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

ANSI/AWWA C226-06
(First Edition)
The Authoritative Resource on Safe Water®
AWWA Standard
Stainless-Steel
Fittings for
Waterworks
Service,
Sizes ½ In. Through
72 In. (13 mm
Through 1,800 mm)
Effective date: Oct. 1, 2006.

First edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors Feb. 12, 2006.
Approved by American National Standards Institute July 6, 2006.
6666 West Quincy Avenue Advocacy

Denver, CO 80235-3098 Communications
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Sections
Copyright © 2006 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved.

AWWA Standard
This document is an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. It is not a specification. AWWA
standards describe minimum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and administrative information
normally contained in specifications. The AWWA standards usually contain options that must be evaluated by the
user of the standard. Until each optional feature is specified by the user, the product or service is not fully defined.
AWWA publication of a standard does not constitute endorsement of any product or product type, nor does AWWA
test, certify, or approve any product. The use of AWWA standards is entirely voluntary. AWWA standards are
intended to represent a consensus of the water supply industry that the product described will provide satisfactory
service. When AWWA revises or withdraws this standard, an official notice of action will be placed on the first page
of the classified advertising section of Journal AWWA. The action becomes effective on the first day of the month
following the month of Journal AWWA publication of the official notice.
American National Standard

An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions.
An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general
public. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether that
person has approved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes,
or procedures not conforming to the standard. American National Standards are subject to periodic review, and users
are cautioned to obtain the latest editions. Producers of goods made in conformity with an American National
Standard are encouraged to state on their own responsibility in advertising and promotional materials or on tags or
labels that the goods are produced in conformity with particular American National Standards.
CAUTION NOTICE: The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approval date on the front cover of this standard
indicates completion of the ANSI approval process. This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at
any time. ANSI procedures require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five
years from the date of publication. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all
standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New
York, NY 10036; (212) 642-4900.
Science and Technology
AWWA unites the entire water community by developing and distributing authoritative scientific and technological
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All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic
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Copyright © 2006 by American Water Works Association

Printed in USA
ii
Committee Personnel
The Steel Water Pipe Manufacturers Technical Advisory Committee (SWPMTAC) Task group
on C226, which developed this standard, had the following personnel at the time:
Stephen Lamb, Chair
E. Bird, Smith-Blair Inc. Texarkana, Texas (AWWA)

R.N. Borland, Dresser Inc., Bradford, Pa. (AWWA)
S. Bradberry, Ford Meter Box Company, Pell City, Ala. (AWWA)
R.R. Collins, JCM Industries Inc., Nash, Texas (AWWA)
T. Crail, Straub Coupling, Bonsall, Calif. (AWWA)
M. Fite, Pacific Coast Flange, Mound House, Nev. (AWWA)
B. Juneghani, Skyline Steel LLC, Cartersville, Ga. (AWWA)
G. Kohlbeck, Felker Brothers Corporation, Marshfield, Wis. (AWWA)
S. Lamb, Nickel Institute, Huntington, W.Va. (AWWA)
R.N. Satyarthi, Baker Coupling Company Inc., Los Angeles, Calif. (AWWA)
B. Spotts, RTLC Piping Products Inc., Kosse, Texas (AWWA)
N. Thorgerson, Romac Industries Inc., Bothell, Wash. (AWWA)
M.J. Topps, Viking Johnson, Hertfordshire, UK (AWWA)
M. Vanderbosch, CAB Inc., Oakwood, Ga. (AWWA)
D.R. Wagner, Wagner Consultants, St. Louis, Mo. (AWWA)
The AWWA Standards Committee on Stainless Steel pipe, which reviewed and approved this
standard, had the following personnel at the time of approval:
J. Warren Green, Chair

Kent S. Taylor, Secretary
General Interest Members

J.B. Allen, * Standards Engineer Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo. (AWWA)
J.H. Bambei Jr.,* Standards Council Liaison, Denver Water, (AWWA)
Denver, Colo.
R.L. Coffey, Kirkham Michael & Associates Inc., Omaha, Neb. (AWWA)
J.W. Green, McDonough Associates Inc., Chicago, Ill. (AWWA)
J.K. Jeyapalan, Consultant, New Milford, Conn. (AWWA)
*
Liaison, nonvoting
iii
J.E. Koch, HDR Engineering Inc., Bellevue, Wash. (AWWA)
C.A. Prein, Prein & Newhof, Grand Rapids, Mich. (AWWA)
C.C. Sundberg, CH2M Hill Inc., Issaquah, Wash. (AWWA)
G.J. Tupac, G.J. Tupac & Associates Inc., Pittsburgh, Pa. (AWWA)
Producer Members
*
R.J. Card, Victaulic Depend-O-Lok Inc., Atlanta, Ga. (AWWA)
D. Dechant, Northwest Pipe Company, Denver, Colo. (AWWA)
S. Lamb, Nickel Development Institute, Huntington, W.Va. (AWWA)
G.L. Washburn, Easton, Pa. (AWWA)
User Members
G.R. Carlyon, Rowe Inc., Flushing, Mich. (AWWA)
M. Garcia, Denver Water, Denver, Colo. (AWWA)
K.S. Taylor, Green Bay Water Utility, Green Bay, Wis. (AWWA)
*
Alternate
iv
Contents
All AWWA standards follow the general format indicated subsequently. Some variations from this format may
be found in a particular standard.
SEC. PAGE
Forward
I Introduction……………………………………………………………… vii
I.A Background………………………………………………………………. vii
I.B History…………………………………………………………………… vii
I.C Acceptance……………………………………………………………….. vii
II Special Issues………………………………………………………….….. viii
II.A Basis of Design…………………………………………………………... viii
III Use of This Standard……………………………………………….……. ix
III.A Purchaser Options and Alternatives……………………………………… ix
III.B Modification to Standard………………………………………………… x
IV Comments…………………………………………………………….…. x
Standard
1 General
1.1 Scope…………………………………………………………………….. 1
1.2 Purpose…………………………………………………………………... 2
1.3 Application……………………………………………………………….. 2
2 References………………………………………………………………. 2
3 Definitions……………………………………………………………… 3
4 Requirements
4.1 Materials………………………………………………………………….. 5
4.2 Fabrication………………………………………………………………... 7
5 Verification
5.1 Inspection………………………………………………………………... 11
5.2 Quality Assurance………………………………………………………… 12
5.3 Access and Facilities……………………………………………………… 12
5.4 Rejection………………………………………………………………….. 13
6 Delivery
6.1 Marking…………………………………………………………………… 13
6.2 Certification………………………………………………………………. 14
6.3 Packaging…………………………………………………………………. 14
Tables
1 Austenitic Stainless-Steel Nominal Chemical Compositions………………. 6
2 Mechanical Properties for Cast and Wrought Stainless Steel….…………… 7
3 Dimensions for Shop-Fabricated Stainless-Steel Fittings………………..…. 8
Figures
1 Recommended Dimensions for Fabricated Pipe Fittings…………….……. 9
v
This page intentionally blank.

Foreword
This foreword is for information only and is not a part of ANSI/AWWA C226.
I. Introduction.
I.A. Background. Stainless steel is a standard material used to construct fittings. It offers
very low corrosion rates, which makes it suitable for the handling of potable water while
maintaining purity and quality.
I.B. History. In 1999, the AWWA Standards Council directed the Standards Committee
on Steel Pipe to develop a standard for stainless-steel fittings used in water treatment and
conveying facilities. The standard for steel pipe was subsequently split into two committees,
one for steel pipe and the other for stainless-steel pipe. This standard was approved by the
latter and is the first AWWA standard for stainless-steel fittings used in water treatment and
conveying facilities. This first edition of the standard was approved by the AWWA Board of
Directors on Feb. 12, 2006.
I.C. Acceptance. In May 1985, the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)
entered into a cooperative agreement with the consortium led by NSF International (NSF)
to develop voluntary third-party consensus standards and a certification program for all
direct and indirect drinking water additives. Other members of the original consortium
included the American Water Works Association Research Foundation (AwwaRF) and the
Conference of State Health and Environmental Managers (COSHEM). The American Water
Works Association (AWWA) and the Association of State Drinking Water Administrators
(ASDWA) joined later.
In the United States, the authority to regulate products for use in, or contact with,
drinking water rests with individual states. * Local agencies may choose to impose
requirements more stringent than those required by the state. To evaluate the health effects
of products and drinking water additives from such products, state and local agencies may
use various references, including
1. An advisory program formerly administered by USEPA, Office of Drinking Water,
discontinued on April 7, 1990.
2. Specific policies of the state or local agency.
*
Persons outside the United States should contact the appropriate authority having jurisdiction.
vii
3. Two standards developed under the direction of NSF: NSF * /ANSI † 60, Drinking
Water Treatment Chemicals—Health Effects, and NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking Water
System Components—Health Effects.
4. Other references, including AWWA standards, Food Chemicals Codex, Water Chemicals
Codex, ‡ and other standards considered appropriate by the state or local agency.
Various certification organizations may be involved in certifying products in accordance
with NSF/ANSI 61. Individual states or local agencies have authority to accept or accredit
certification organizations within their jurisdiction. Accreditation of certification
organizations may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.
Annex A, “Toxicology Review and Evaluation Procedures,” to NSF/ANSI 61 does not
stipulate a maximum allowable level (MAL) of a contaminant for substances not regulated by
a USEPA final maximum contaminant level (MCL). The MALs of an unspecified list of
“unregulated contaminants” are based on toxicity testing guidelines (noncarcinogens) and
risk characterization methodology (carcinogens). Use of Annex A procedures may not
always be identical, depending on the certifier. §
ANSI/AWWA C226 does not address additive requirements. Users of this standard
should consult the appropriate state or local agency having jurisdiction in order to
1. Determine additive requirements, including applicable standards.
2. Determine the status of certifications by all parties offering to certify products for
contact with, or treatment of, drinking water.
3. Determine the current information on product certification.
II. Special Issues.
II.A. Basis of Design. ANSI/AWWA C226 pertains to the manufacture and testing of
stainless-steel fittings. ANSI/AWWA C226 includes all types and classes of stainless-steel
fittings typically used in the water industry, regardless of manufacturing source.
The wall thickness of stainless-steel fittings is determined by (1) internal working
pressures; (2) external pressures, including live loads; (3) special physical loading, such as
continuous-beam loading with saddle supports or ring girders, vacuum conditions, types of
*
NSF International, 789 N. Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106.
†
American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036.
‡
Both publications from National Academy of Sciences, 500 Fifth Street NW, Washington, DC 20001.
§
Appendix C of NSF/ANSI 61 defines those materials that are “Mechanical Devices Acceptable Materials,”
which conform to NSF/ANSI 61 requirements.
viii
joints used, and variations in operating temperature; and (4) practical considerations for
handling, shipping, lining and coating, or similar operations.
II.A.1. Application. The provisions of this standard cover the requirements for
stainless-steel fittings for the use in water treatment plants, water transmission and
distribution systems, and other water facilities. The purchaser is responsible for determining
if any circumstance related to the project requires additional provisions that are not included
in the standard. Such special conditions might affect design, manufacture, quality control,
corrosion protection, or handling requirements.
II.A.2. Testing of special sections. Sec. 5.2.3 provides for nondestructive testing of
special sections.
III. Use of This Standard. It is the responsibility of the user of an AWWA
Standard to determine that the products described in that standard are suitable for the use in
the particular application being considered.
III.A. Purchaser Options and Alternatives. The following items should be provided by the
purchaser:
1. Standard used—that is, ANSI/AWWA C226, Stainless-Steel Fittings for Waterworks
Service, Sizes ½ In. Through 72 In. (13 mm Through 1,800 mm), of latest revision.
2. Whether compliance with NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking Water System Components—
Health Effects, is required, in addition to the requirements of the Safe Drinking
Water Act.
3. Internal design pressure.
4. Design stress in the fitting wall at specified internal design pressure (as a percentage
of minimum yield point of stainless steel).
5. Minimum wall thickness required by considerations other than internal design
pressure.
6. The type of stainless steel (Sec. 4.1).
7. Details of other federal, state, local, and provincial requirements (Sec. 4.1.1).
8. Standard specification of fitting, or plate, sheet, or strip, including material type (Sec.
4.1.6).
9. A description or drawings detailing the total quantity of fittings required for the
length and diameter of fittings (see Table 3) (Sec. 4.2.1.5).
10. Welding (Sec. 4.2.1.6, Sec. 4.2.3.3, and Sec. 4.2.3.4).
ix
11. Drawings and calculations to be provided by the manufacturer, when required (Sec.
4.2.1.8 and Sec. 4.2.3.6).
12. Coatings, if necessary (Sec. 4.2.1.9).
13. Type of ends for fittings—description or drawings (Sec. 4.2.2).
14. Qualification code for welding operators, if different from Sec. 4.2.3.1 or Sec. 5.2.1.
15. Special sections, indicating dimensions (Sec. 4.2.3.5) and the grade of material (Sec.
4.1.6).
16. Requirements for cleaning, descaling, and passivating (Sec. 4.2.4).
17. Method of nondestructive testing (Sec. 5.2.3.).
18. Pressure for hydrostatic testing of fittings, if required (Sec. 5.2.3.3).
19. Instructions regarding inspection at place of manufacture (Sec. 5.3).
20. Requirements for marking, line diagrams, or laying schedules (Sec. 6.1).
21. Certification of compliance, if required (Sec. 6.2).
22. Handling requirements (Sec. 6.3).
III.B. Modification to Standard. Any modification of the provisions, definitions, or
terminology in this standard must be provided by the purchaser.
IV. Comments. If you have any comments or questions about this standard, please
call the AWWA Volunteer & Technical Support Department, 303.794.7711, FAX
303.795.7603, write to the group at 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO 80235-3098, or
e-mail standards@awwa.org.
x
ANSI/AWWA C226-06
(First Edition)
AWWA Standard
Stainless-Steel Fittings
for Waterworks Service,
Sizes ½ In. Through 72 In.
(13 mm Through 1,800 mm)
SECTION 1: GENERAL
Sec. 1.1 Scope

This standard pertains to the various classes and types of stainless-steel fittings that are
intended for use in facilities of water distribution systems.
1.1.1 Classes. This standard covers three classes of materials; wrought austenitic
stainless-steel fittings; cast austenitic stainless-steel fittings; and welded or weld-fabricated
austenitic stainless-steel fittings, in diameters ranging from ½ in. (13 mm) to 72 in. (1,800
mm).
1.1.2 Large fittings. Fittings larger than 72 in. (1,800 mm) in diameter may be
manufactured with special consideration given to the specific nature of the application.
1.1.3 Appurtenances not covered by this standard. Mechanical grooved-end fittings,
compression fittings, grooved-end couplings, tapping sleeves, sleeve-type couplings and
split-sleeve couplings are covered by other ANSI/AWWA standards.
1
2 AWWA C226-06
Sec. 1.2 Purpose

The purpose of this standard is to provide purchasers, manufacturers, and constructors
with the minimum requirements for stainless-steel fittings, including testing, inspection, and
marking requirements.
Sec. 1.3 Application

This standard can be referenced in specifications for purchasing and receiving stainless-
steel fittings for the construction of piping systems.
SECTION 2: REFERENCES
This standard references the following documents. In their latest edition, they form a
part of this standard to the extent specified in this standard. In any case of conflict, the
requirements of this standard shall prevail.
ANSI * /AWWA C220—Stainless Steel Pipe ½ In. and Larger.
ANSI/AWWA C606—Grooved and Shouldered Joints.
ASME † B16.9—Factory-Made Wrought Buttwelding Fittings.
ASME B16.28—Wrought Steel Buttwelding Short Radius Elbows and Returns.
ASME B36.19M—Stainless Steel Pipe.
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code—Sec. IX, Welding and Brazing Qualifications.
ASTM ‡ A240/240M—Chromium and Chromium–Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet,
and Strip for Pressure Vessels and for General Applications.
ASTM A312/312M—Standard Specification for Seamless, Welded, and Heavily Cold
Worked Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes.
ASTM A351/351M—Standard Specification for Castings, Austenitic for Pressure-
Containing Parts.
ASTM A380—Standard Practice for Cleaning, Descaling, and Passivation of Stainless
Steel Parts, Equipment, and Systems.
*
American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036.
†
ASME International, Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016.
‡
ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428

STAINLESS-STEEL FITTINGS 3
ASTM A403—Standard Specification for Wrought Austenitic Stainless Steel Piping

Fittings.
ASTM A480—Standard Specification for General Requirements for Flat-Rolled Stainless
and Heat-Resisting Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip.
ASTM A774—Standard Specification for As-Welded Wrought Austenitic Stainless Steel
Fittings for General Corrosive Service at Low and Moderate Temperatures.
ASTM A778—Standard Specification for Welded, Unannealed Austenitic Stainless Steel
Tubular Products.
ASTM A967—Standard Specification for Chemical Passivation Treatments for Stainless
Steel Parts.
AWS * A3.0—Standard Welding Terms and Definitions.
AWS B2.1—Specification for Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification.
AWS D1.6—Structural Welding Code—Stainless Steel.
AWS QC-1—Standard for AWS Certification of Welding Inspectors.
AWWA Manual M11—Steel Pipe: A Guide for Design and Installation.
MSS † SP-43—Wrought Stainless Steel Butt-Welding Fittings.
MSS SP-79—Socket-Welding Reducer Inserts.
MSS SP-119—Belled-End Socket Welding Fittings, Stainless Steel and Copper Nickel.
SECTION 3: DEFINITIONS
The following definitions shall apply in this standard:

1. Butt joints: A joint between two members aligned approximately in the same plane.
2. Complete joint penetration (CJP): Penetration of weld metal through the thickness of the
joint with a groove weld.
3. Constructor: The party that furnishes the work and materials for placement or
installation.
4. Design pressure: The various internal pressures that a system must be designed to
withstand. This is usually a combination of working pressure and surge pressure.
*
American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33135.
†
Manufacturers Standardization Society, 127 Park Street N.E., Vienna, VA 22180

4 AWWA C226-06
5. Dual-certified: Material that is suitable and certified to meet two sets of criteria
without compromise to either set of criteria.
6. Fittings: Elbows, tees, crosses, laterals, wyes, saddles, bosses, concentric and
eccentric reducers, and special preparations, such as stub ends and weld caps.
7. Fusion welding: Any welding process that uses fusion of the base metal to make the
weld.
8. Manufacturer: The party that manufactures, fabricates, or produces materials or
products.
9. Nominal wall: The thickness designation, as distinguished from the actual thickness
or measured thickness.
10. Operating pressure: Synonymous with working pressure.
11. Passivation: An accepted process used to create a corrosion-resistant surface where
optimum performance or surface requirements are desired.
12. Pickling: A chemical descaling process for removing contaminants and oxide from
metal surfaces.
13. Plain-end fittings: Fittings not threaded, belled, or otherwise given a special end
configuration.
14. Pressure: An internal force applied by a fluid to the inside of a conduit.
15. Purchaser: The person, company, or organization that purchases any materials or
work to be performed.
16. Rated pressure: Synonymous with operating and working pressure.
17. Root: That portion of a joint to be welded where members approach closest to each
other. In cross section, the root of the joint may be a point, a line, or an area.
18. Schedule: Dimensions of steel pipe as described by their standardized outside
diameter and a nominal or average wall thickness. Schedules designated with a suffix
“S” apply to stainless steel, with wall thickness as per ANSI B36.19.
19. Spool piece: A weld-fabricated component consisting of sections of pipe, fittings, stub
ends, or combinations thereof.
20. Stainless steel: An iron-based material with more than 12 percent chromium in its
composition.
21. Surge pressure: A transient pressure increase induced in a system that results in a rapid
change in flow velocity with corresponding pressure rise.

22. Test pressure: A pressure, shop or field, used to verify the integrity and soundness of a
system. It may be lower or higher than the working pressure but is typically 125
percent to 150 percent of the working pressure.
23. Working pressure: A maximum sustained pressure under which a system operates.
24. Wrought fittings: Denotes fittings manufactured from pipe, tubing, plate, bar, strip, or
forgings.
SECTION 4: REQUIREMENTS
Sec. 4.1 Materials

4.1.1 General. Materials shall comply with the Safe Drinking Water Act and other federal
requirements.
4.1.2 Stainless steels. This standard will apply to Types 304, 304L, 316, and 316L
austenitic stainless steels. Dual-certified material, Type 304/304L and 316/316L, will also be
acceptable products. The materials shall conform to the chemical requirements in Table 1
and to the mechanical requirements in Table 2.
4.1.3 Wrought fittings. Wrought fittings will be manufactured in accordance with ASTM
A403, with welded construction conforming to the requirements of ANSI B16.9, ANSI
B16.28, MSS SP-43, MSS SP-79, or MSS SP119. These can be produced from wrought tube
and pipe or offered as a forged or welded design up to and including 24-in. (600-mm)
diameter.
4.1.4 As-welded, wrought fittings. As-welded, wrought fittings produced to ASTM A774
will be made from flat-rolled product, as specified in ASTM A240, which will be supplied in
the solution-annealed condition or from pipe conforming to ANSI/AWWA C220 or ASTM
A312 and ASTM A778.
4.1.5 Fabricated fittings. Fabricated fittings may be weld-fabricated from sheet or plate
with thickness tolerances as outlined in ASTM A480, or from pipe conforming to
ANSI/AWWA C220, ASTM A778, or ASTM A312. Fabrication shall be in accordance with
Sec. 4.2.

6 AWWA C226-06
Table 1 Austenitic stainless-steel nominal chemical compositions
Type UNS # C max. Mn max. Si max. Cr Ni Mo S max. P max.
Wrought Alloys
304L S30403 0.03 2.00 1.00 18–20 8–12 – 0.030 0.045

316L S31603 0.03 2.00 1.00 16–18 10–14 2–3 0.030 0.045
304 S30400 0.08 2.00 1.00 18–20 8–12 – 0.030 0.045
316 S31600 0.08 2.00 1.00 16–18 10–14 2–3 0.030 0.045
Cast Alloys
CF3,
J92500 0.03 1.50 2.00 17–21 8–12 – 0.040 0.040
CF3A
CF3M,
J92800 0.03 1.50 2.00 17–21 9–13 2–3 0.040 0.040
CF3MA
CF8,
J92610 0.08 1.50 2.00 18–21 8–11 – 0.040 0.040
CF8A
CF8M,
CF8MA J92900 0.08 1.50 2.00 18–21 9–12 2–3 0.040 0.040
NOTE: Special service conditions may require grades other than those listed. The low-carbon grades of stainless
steel are preferred for corrosion resistance when weldments must be used in the as-welded condition.
4.1.6 Cast stainless steel. Cast stainless-steel fittings can be produced in accordance with
ASTM A351—Types CF3/CF8 and Types CF3M/CF8M.
4.1.7 Selection of materials. The purchaser shall specify the material to be used. If the
purchaser does not specify the materials, the manufacturer may suggest materials that, at the
purchaser’s discretion, will be used as the selected material. Commonly selected materials
may be found in Table 1.

4.1.8 Mechanical properties.

Table 2 Mechanical properties for cast and wrought stainless steel
% Elong. Hardness,
Alloy UNS # Tensile Strength, min. Yield Strength, min.
Min.* max
Ksi (Mpa) Ksi (Mpa) HRB
Wrought Alloys
304L S30403 70 485 25 170 40 92
316L S31603 70 485 25 170 40 95
304 S30400 75 515 30 205 40 92
316 S31600 75 515 30 205 40 95
Cast Alloys
CF3, 70 485 30 205 35
J92500 –
CF3A 77 530 35 240 35
CF3M, 70 485 30 170 30
J92800 –
CF3MA 80 550 37 255 30
CF8, 70 485 30 170 35
J92610 –
CF8A 77 530 35 240 35
CF8M,
J92900 70 485 30 170 30 –
CF8MA
*Based on 2-in. sample.

NOTE: Type 304/304L and Type 316/316L dual-certified products will meet the standard grade mechanical
properties.
Sec. 4.2 Fabrication

4.2.1 General requirements.
4.2.1.1 Wrought fittings. Wrought fittings shall be manufactured to meet the
requirements of ASTM A403 or A774, using one of the grades listed in Sec. 4.1.6. Forging or
shaping operations may be performed by pressing, piercing, extruding, upsetting, rolling,
bending, fusion welding, machining, or a combination of two or more of these operations.
4.2.1.2 Fittings covered by ASTM A403. Fittings covered by ASTM A403 and ordered
as (CR) shall meet the requirements of MSS SP-43 and do not require nondestructive
examination.
4.2.1.3 Ordered fittings. Fittings ordered as welded, wrought construction (WP) to
ASTM A403 shall conform to ANSI B16.9 and B16.28, or MSS SP-79.
4.2.1.4 Machined fittings. Fittings machined from bar shall be restricted to nominal
pipe size, 4 in. (100 mm) or smaller. Elbows, return bends, tees, and header tees shall not be
machined directly from bar.

8 AWWA C226-06
4.2.1.5 Fabricated fittings. Shop-fabricated fittings made from flat-rolled stock, in

accordance with ASTM A240, shall be in a solution-annealed condition. Shop-fabricated
fittings made from pipe shall be in accordance with ANSI/AWWA C220, latest revision,
ASTM A312 (up to and including 30-in. [750-mm] diameter), and A778 (up to and including
48-in. [1,200-mm] diameter), or in accordance with MSS SP-119. Shop-fabricated fittings,
30 in. (750 mm) and above, will be provided clean and free of scale and in accordance with
the dimensions shown in Table 3 and Figure 1.
4.2.1.6 As-welded joints. The as-welded joints shall be CJP double-welded, or single-
welded butt joints employing fusion-welding processes with or without the addition of filler
metal (refer to ASTM A403 and A774). Refer to MSS SP43 for dimensions and tolerances
on fittings ½-in. to 24-in. (13-mm to 610-mm) outside diameter.
4.2.1.7 Cast fittings. Cast fittings shall conform to the requirements of ASTM
A351/A351M. All castings will receive a heat treatment proper to their design and chemical
composition.
4.2.1.8 Dimensional drawings. Dimensional drawings shall be provided by the
manufacturer, if required by the purchaser.
4.2.1.9 Protective coatings. The purchaser shall specify if a protective coating is
required.
Table 3 Dimensions for shop-fabricated stainless-steel fittings

Pipe Outside Tees, Crosses,
Wyes 90º and Laterals (45º)
Diameter Wyes, Elbows
D
A F G H
in. (mm) in. (mm) in. (mm) in. (mm) in. (mm)
30 (750) 25 (635) 16 (406) 49 (1,245) 65 (1,651)
36 (900) 29 (737) 19 (483) 56 (1,422) 75 (1,905)
42 (1,050) 33 (838) 21 (533) 63 (1,600) 84 (2,134)
48 (1,200) 36 (914) 22 (559) 70 (1,778) 92 (2,337)
54 (1,350) 41 (1,041) 25 (635) 77 (1,956) 102 (2,591)
60 (1,500) 45 (1,143) 26 (660) 84 (2,134) 110 (2,794)
66 (1,650) 48 (1,219) 29 (737) 91 (2,311) 120 (3,048)
72 (1,800) 51 (1,295) 30 (762) 98 (2,489) 128 (3,251)
NOTE: Special circumstances required for angles other than those shown in the table shall be dimensioned by
application.

Figure 1 Recommended dimensions for fabricated pipe fittings

10 AWWA C226-06
4.2.2 End preparation.

4.2.2.1 Ends of fittings. Ends of fittings shall be in accordance with the pertinent
specification—ASTM A403 for beveled ends, ASTM A774 for plain ends, ANSI/AWWA
C606 for grooved-type couplings—or as agreed to by the manufacturer and the purchaser.
Fittings shall be free from notches, weld spatter, and burrs.
4.2.2.2 Plain ends. Plain-end fittings shall be provided with a plain right-angle cut. Burrs
at the end shall be removed.
4.2.2.3 Beveled ends. Beveled ends for shop-welded and field-welded butt joints shall
be 37½° ± 2½º, as per MSS SP-43, or in accordance with the purchaser’s document.
4.2.2.4 Mechanical couplings. Fitting ends for mechanical couplings shall conform to
the requirements of the coupling manufacturer and as designated by the purchaser.
4.2.2.5 Flanged ends. Flanged ends shall be furnished, if so ordered, with flanges as
specified by the purchaser.
4.2.2.6 Special ends. By agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser, the
ends of fittings may be supplied with joint configurations and tolerances other than those
specified in this standard, if required for special installation. In such cases, fitting ends shall
conform to the drawings approved by the purchaser.
4.2.3 Shop fabrication.
4.2.3.1 Plate or sheet welding. The plate or sheet shall be properly formed and may be
tack-welded prior to welding. The weld shall be of reasonable uniform width and height for
the entire length of the fitting. The weld can be made by automatic, semiautomatic, or
manual means. All welding procedures, welders, and welding operators shall be qualified in
accordance with ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Sec. IX, or AWS D1.6.
4.2.3.2 Contact and contamination. During manufacture, fabrication, and handling, care
shall be taken to avoid contact or contamination with any ordinary carbon steel or low-
melting-point metals. In all cases, marking ink and identification crayons shall be free of
zinc, lead, copper, and sulfur.
4.2.3.3 Fusion welding. The joints shall be CJP double-welded or single-welded butt
joints employing fusion-welding processes, with or without the addition of filler metal, as
defined under ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Sec. IX.

4.2.3.4 Prior to welding. Weld areas shall be free of oxide, oil, grease, and other
contaminants prior to welding. The root pass shall be protected from oxidation by using
inert gas backing purge or other suitable measures.
4.2.3.5 Special fittings and fittings not covered in this standard. For special fittings or
fittings outside the referenced standards, the fittings will conform to drawings approved by
the purchaser.
4.2.3.6 Fitting wall thickness. Fabricated fitting wall thickness will be determined by the
appropriate formulae in the latest AWWA Manual M11, with consideration that the designer
shall review formulae, methods of design, yield strength, modulus of elasticity, etc., for
proper application of stainless-steel fittings. The formulae for determining pipe-wall
thickness based on internal and external loadings are applicable. Cylinder thickness based on
internal pressure is determined using the Barlow hoop-stress formula. The modified Iowa
formula, using a 5 percent deflection, shall be used for calculating the deflection of buried
stainless-steel pipe. Equation 9-2 in AWWA Manual M11 shall be used for the determination
of wall thickness for mitered stainless-steel elbows. In the reinforcement of stainless-steel
fittings, wrappers, collars, and crotch plates shall use the carbon-steel formulae in AWWA
Manual M11, with a minimum yield of 25 ksi, or 30 ksi if dual-certified stainless steel is used.
As with carbon steel, a 6,000 PDV or greater will indicate the requirement for a crotch plate.
4.2.4 Cleaning and descaling/passivation. Fittings and spool pieces will be free of scale and
contaminating iron particles. Contaminating particles shall be removed by pickling in
accordance with ASTM A380, ASTM A967, or other methods acceptable to the purchaser.
SECTION 5: VERIFICATION
Sec. 5.1 Inspection

5.1.1 Optimal inspection. All work performed and material provided under the provisions
of this standard may be inspected by the purchaser, but such inspection shall not relieve the
manufacturer of the responsibility to provide fittings and perform work in accordance with
this standard. If the purchaser elects to inspect the fittings or witness tests, the manufacturer
shall provide reasonable notice of the time at which inspection may be made.

12 AWWA C226-06
5.1.2 Basis for rejection. The purchaser may reject any fitting that does not conform to this
standard.
Sec. 5.2 Quality Assurance

5.2.1 Quality assurance program. The manufacturer will maintain a quality assurance
program to ensure the minimum requirements of this standard are met. It shall include a
certified welding inspector (AWS QC-1) to verify that welders and welding procedures are
qualified, procedures are being followed within the limitations of testing, and that quality
assurance functions are being implemented.
5.2.2 Visual examination. The surface of cast fittings shall be examined visually and shall
be free of adhering sand, scale, cracks, and hot tears. Unacceptable visual surface
discontinuities shall be removed. Their removal shall be verified by visual examination of the
resultant cavities, which shall be repaired in accordance with ASTM A351/A351M.
5.2.3 Nondestructive testing.
5.2.3.1 Nondestructive testing. Fabricated sections shall be tested by nondestructive
testing, which may be dye-penetrant, ultrasonic, radiographic, or visual weld examination, as
specified by the purchaser. These tests and acceptance criteria shall be in accordance with
the procedures and acceptance criteria of AWS D1.6. Sec. 6.28 or any other code mutually
acceptable to both the purchaser and manufacturer.
5.2.3.2 Test method not specified. If no testing method has been specified by the
purchaser, nondestructive testing shall be chosen by the manufacturer.
5.2.3.3 Hydrostatic test. When specified by the purchaser, each fitting shall be
hydrostatically tested by the manufacturer at no more than the design pressure. There shall
be no leaks. If a leak is detected, it shall be repaired in accordance with Sec. 5.4.
Sec. 5.3 Access and Facilities

While work contracted by the purchaser is being performed, the purchaser will be
allowed entry to the manufacturer’s plant where fittings are being manufactured. The
manufacturer shall afford the purchaser reasonable facilities necessary to determine if the
material is being provided in accordance with this standard. Tests and inspections shall be
made at the place of manufacture before shipment.

Sec. 5.4 Rejection

5.4.1 General. Fittings may be rejected and the manufacturer so notified if the fittings
show injurious defects when inspected at the mill or after accepted at the manufacturer’s
plant or if proven defective when properly installed and applied in service. In the event of
such defects or errors in selecting materials, associated materials, or wall thickness, and if
permitted according to this standard, the manufacturer shall repair or replace such material.
5.4.2 Defects. The finished fitting shall be free from any injurious defects. Defects in the
parent metal of the fitting shall be considered injurious when the depth of the defect is
greater than 12.5 percent of the nominal wall thickness. Cracks and leaks in the welds shall
be considered injurious.
5.4.3 Repair. In the case of rejection of welded fittings upon testing, due to leaks, the
seams shall be repaired in accordance with ASTM A774, after which the fitting shall be re-
tested in accordance with the specification agreed by the manufacturer and purchaser. If, on
retest, a section shows any leaks in the welded seams, the section shall be rejected.
The repair of injurious defects will be permitted, provided repair methods conform to
the following requirements:
5.4.3.1 Removing defect. The defect shall be completely removed and the cavity
cleaned using stainless-steel tools. Oil, grease, or contamination shall be removed from the
area prepared for welding using appropriate cleaning agents and methods.
5.4.3.2 Repair welding. The repair weld shall be made using a qualified welding process
and by a welder qualified in accordance with Sec. 5.2.1.
5.4.3.3 Retesting. Each fitting or repaired pipeline component, shall be tested in
accordance with Sec. 5.2.3.
SECTION 6: DELIVERY
Sec. 6.1 Marking

Fittings provided in accordance with ASTM specifications shall be marked with the
information required by the applicable ASTM and MSS Standard or Specification.

14 AWWA C226-06
Fittings fabricated in accordance with Sec. 4.2.3 shall be legibly marked with the
manufacturer’s name or trademark, heat number, diameter, schedule or thickness, and
material grade.
Sec. 6.2 Certification

Fittings furnished in accordance with the ASTM specifications shall be marked with the
information required by the applicable ASTM and MSS standard or specification. When
requested by the customer, the manufacturer shall provide a certificate of compliance to this
standard for fittings fabricated in accordance with Sec. 4.2.3.
Sec. 6.3 Packaging

Fittings furnished in accordance with ASTM standard specifications shall be packaged as
required by the applicable ASTM standard specifications.
Fittings fabricated in accordance with Sec. 4.2.3 shall be boxed, crated, packaged in
secure lifts, and bundled to ensure safe delivery. If specified, ends shall be protected with
end caps or wooden or plastic plugs. Special packaging requiring extra operations other than
those stated previously must be specified by the purchaser. Fittings shall be handled in a
manner that prevents distortion or damage. Fittings shall be transported and handled in
accordance with the purchaser’s specifications. Shipment received at the delivery destination
should be inspected before the fittings are unloaded.




AWWA is the authoritative resource for knowledge, information, and advocacy to improve the quality
and supply of water in North America and beyond. AWWA is the largest organization of water
professionals in the world. AWWA advances public health, safety, and welfare by uniting the efforts
of the full spectrum of the entire water community. Through our collective strength, we become
better stewards of water for the greatest good of the people and the environment.
1P-3.6M-43226-11/06-NH
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Erratum to

Stainless-Steel Fittings for Waterworks

1. Change Section 4.2.3.6, page 11, to read:

Copyright © 2008 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

The Authoritative Resource on Safe Water®

Effective date: Oct. 1, 2006.

6666 West Quincy Avenue Advocacy

Copyright © 2006 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved.

American National Standard

Science and Technology

Copyright © 2006 by American Water Works Association

Stephen Lamb, Chair

E. Bird, Smith-Blair Inc. Texarkana, Texas (AWWA)

J. Warren Green, Chair

General Interest Members

Copyright © 2006 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved.

Sec. 1.1 Scope

Sec. 1.2 Purpose

Sec. 1.3 Application

Copyright © 2006 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved.

ASTM A403—Standard Specification for Wrought Austenitic Stainless Steel Piping

The following definitions shall apply in this standard:

Copyright © 2006 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved.

Copyright © 2006 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved.

Sec. 4.1 Materials

Copyright © 2006 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved.

Table 1 Austenitic stainless-steel nominal chemical compositions

Type UNS # C max. Mn max. Si max. Cr Ni Mo S max. P max.

304L S30403 0.03 2.00 1.00 18–20 8–12 – 0.030 0.045

Copyright © 2006 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved.

4.1.8 Mechanical properties.

*Based on 2-in. sample.

Sec. 4.2 Fabrication

Copyright © 2006 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved.

4.2.1.5 Fabricated fittings. Shop-fabricated fittings made from flat-rolled stock, in

Table 3 Dimensions for shop-fabricated stainless-steel fittings

Copyright © 2006 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved.

Figure 1 Recommended dimensions for fabricated pipe fittings

Copyright © 2006 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved.

4.2.2 End preparation.

Copyright © 2006 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved.

Sec. 5.1 Inspection

Copyright © 2006 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved.

Sec. 5.2 Quality Assurance

Sec. 5.3 Access and Facilities

Copyright © 2006 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved.

Sec. 5.4 Rejection

Sec. 6.1 Marking

Copyright © 2006 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved.

Sec. 6.2 Certification

Sec. 6.3 Packaging

Copyright © 2006 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved.

Copyright © 2006 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved.

Copyright © 2006 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved.

Copyright © 2006 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved.

Copyright © 2006 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved.

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