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External criticism is a process by which historians determine whether a source is authentic by

checking the validity of the source. Internal criticism looks at the reliability of an authenticated
source after it has been subjected to external criticism.

Primary sources can be described as those sources that are closest to the origin of the
information. Secondary sources often use generalizations, analysis, interpretation, and
synthesis of primary sources. Examples of secondary sources include textbooks, articles, and
reference books.
External criticism, which is also known as lower criticism, is a tool used by historians and
exegetes to determine the validity of a document, particularly a document with some sort of
historical significance. It is the first of two stages of inquiry for it is followed by internal
criticism.

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