Chapter 1 Supplementary Exercises

In Exercises 1–4 the given matrix represents an augmented matrix for a linear system. Write the
corresponding set of linear equations for the system, and use Gaussian elimination to solve the linear system.
Introduce free parameters as necessary.

1.

Answer:

2.

3.

Answer:

4.

5. Use Gauss–Jordan elimination to solve for x′ and y′ in terms of x and y.

Answer:

6. Use Gauss–Jordan elimination to solve for x′ and y′ in terms of x and y.

7. Find positive integers that satisfy

Answer:

8. A box containing pennies, nickels, and dimes has 13 coins with a total value of 83 cents. How many coins
of each type are in the box?
9. Let

be the augmented matrix for a linear system. Find for what values of a and b the system has
(a) a unique solution.
(b) a one-parameter solution.
(c) a two-parameter solution.
(d) no solution.

Answer:

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

10. For which value(s) of a does the following system have zero solutions? One solution? Infinitely many
solutions?

11. Find a matrix K such that given that

 Answer:

12. How should the coefficients a, b, and c be chosen so that the system

has the solution , and ?

13. In each part, solve the matrix equation for X.
(a)

(b)

(c)

Answer:

(a)

(b)

(c)

14. Let A be a square matrix.

(a) Show that if .
(b) Show that

if .

15. Find values of a, b, and c such that the graph of the polynomial passes through the
points (1, 2), (−1, 6), and (2, 3).

Answer:

16. (Calculus required) Find values of a, b, and c such that the graph of the polynomial
 passes through the point (−1, 0) and has a horizontal tangent at (2, −9).

17. Let Jn be the matrix each of whose entries is 1. Show that if , then

18. Show that if a square matrix A satisfies

then so does .
19. Prove: If B is invertible, then if and only if .
20. Prove: If A is invertible, then and are both invertible or both not invertible.
21. Prove: If A is an matrix and B is the matrix each of whose entries is 1/n, then

where is the average of the entries in the ith row of A.

22. (Calculus required) If the entries of the matrix

are differentiable functions of x, then we define

Show that if the entries in A and B are differentiable functions of x and the sizes of the matrices are such
that the stated operations can be performed, then
(a)

(b)

(c)

23. (Calculus required) Use part (c) of Exercise 22 to show that

State all the assumptions you make in obtaining this formula.

24. Assuming that the stated inverses exist, prove the following equalities.
 (a)

(b)

(c)

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