SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

1.1.1.1 & 1.1.1.2 SAFETY means being free from danger

Preventing accidents in the workshop.

 Do not run in the workshop

 Always wear protective clothing
 Store tools and chemicals safely
 Always wash hands after using chemicals
 Keep the workshop clean and tidy
 Never taste anything in the workshop

Safety in the classroom

 Do not run in the class

 Store all dangerous materials on high shelves
 Pick things on the floor
 Label objects and containers
 Keep sharp objects away from eyes

Safety in the sports field

 Do not trip each other when playing

 Pick up small stones and broken bottles
 Do not hit each other with equipment
 Make sure first Aid kit is always available
 Do not bump on others
 Do not throw sharp object at anyone

1.1.1.3 MEASURES IN CASE OF INJURIES

INJURIES IN THE WORKSHOP

 Some tools have sharp blade that can cut your skin
 Some have sharp points that can pierce your skin
 Always hold blades away from your body

In case of a cut follow these steps

 Wash the wound with soap and clean water

 Cover the wound with clean cloth
 If the cut is deep call the teacher
 Always wear gloves before touching wounds

INJURIES IN THE SPORTS FIELD

At the sports field you might fall or knock each other and encounter injuries such as

 Fractures
  Sprains
 Bruises
 Cuts
 Scrapping /scratches

If injured sit down and lie down

Follow the given steps in case of a cut

Wait for help

An injured person is given first aid. First aid is treating minor injuries before going to the clinic. It is
used to stop bleeding or treat sprains.

FIRST AID ITEMS

 Bandages
 Gloves
 Swabs
 Plaster
 Safety pins
 Savlon
 Snub nosed scissor
 Antiseptic cream.

1.2.1.1 ACTIVITIES THAT CONTRIBUTE TO GOOD HEALTH

 Walking
 Running
 Skipping rope
 Riding a bicycle
 Playing ball
 Stretching
 Jogging
 Jumping

1.2.1.2 PEFORMANCE OF ACTIVITIES THAT CONTRIBUTE GOOD HEALTH

 Practical work on some of the possible above activities such as walking, running, jogging
e.t.c

1.2.1.3 WARM UP AND COOL DOWN EXERCISES

 Warm up exercise prepare or get the muscles ready for the heavy activities and helps
blood to circulate and prevent stiff muscles and injuries. They are done before physical
activity
 Cool down exercise helps the muscles to relax and are done after physical activity
WARM UP EXERCISES COOL DOWN EXERCISES
Stretching Stretching
Jogging Jogging
Jumping Jumping
Squatting squatting

1.2.1.4 EXERCISE SAFELY

 Wear clothes that fit properly

 Protect your head from the sun
 Wear protective clothing for specific sports
 Wear the correct clothing for sport activities
 Seek medical help if hurt
 Warm up before exercise
 Cool down after exercise

1.2.1.5 HOW BODY REACTS TO DIFFERENT EXERCISES

 Heart pumps faster

 Muscles contract and relax
 You breathe faster and deeper
 The heart and lungs remove the waste from the muscles

1.2.1.6 HOW REGULAR EXERCISE CAN IMPROVE HEALTH

 Daily exercise can improve your health

 Exercise keeps your joints flexible
 It makes lungs healthy and strong
 Exercise helps the blood flow in your body
 It helps the body fights germs and diseases
 Makes the body tired so that you sleep better

DRAWING

2.1.1.1 &2.1.1.2

Drawings are lines, marks and shapes made with drawing tools. There are many drawing tools and
techniques that one can use to make drawings.

DRAWING TOOLS
 Pencils
 Coloured pencils
 Crayons
 Ink
 Charcoal
 Felt-tipped pens
  chalk

DRAWING SURFACES

 Plain white paper

 Coloured paper
 Canvas
 Card board

DRAWING TECHNIQUES

LINES AND SHAPES

 Lines may straight or curved

 Lines may be combined to form shapes

NATURAL AND MAN-MADE SHAPES

 Lines and shapes can be found all around us

 Natural shapes – oval in hand , triangle by the foot and leg, an oval face
 Man- made shapes – in buildings and other objects

DRAWING NATURAL OBJECTS

Landscape-a picture that shows the country side

Still life – a picture that shows natural objects displayed

Perspective is in a drawing where nearer objects appear bigger and far objects appear smallest

Vanishing point- where sides seems to meet. It is found in the horizon

Horizon- where the land seem to meet the sky

ADDING COLOUR TO DRAWINGS

 Colour is what we see when light is reflected from an object

 Colours are classified as primary, secondary, tertiary and neutral
 Primary colours are yellow, red and blue
 Secondary colours are orange, purple and green
 Tertiary colours are red-brown, yellow-brown, blue-green
 Neutral colours are white and black

2.1.2.1 LIGHT AND DARK EFFECTS

 Shading create light and dark surfaces in pictures

 It creates form
 Form is three dimensional
  It makes drawing to look real
 Light effects is where the light hits the object
 Dark effects is the shadow of the object

2.1.2.2 DRAWING FROM OBSERVATION, MEMORY AND IMMAGINATION

 Observation is drawing something looking at it

 Memory is drawing something that you have seen before
 Imagination is drawing something that you have never seen

SOUND

3.1.1.1 symbols representing soft and loud sounds

3.1.1.2 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN METALLIC AND NON METALLIC SOUND

 Metallic sound comes from instruments made from metals for example brass, setinkane,
guitar
 Non-metallic sound comes from instruments made from non metals for example made from
plastic, wood, leather such as moropa, rattles

3.1.1.3 SOUNDS PRODUCED BY DIFFERENT INSTRUMENTS

Tone colour in music is the type of sound made by a voice or an instrument

 Instruments that produce sound by banging, shaking or scraping are moropa, shakers,
setinkane
 Instruments that produce sounding by blowing are dithaka, naka, phala
 Instruments that produce sound by plucking or bowing are segaba, segwana,mbira

Other names used in sound instruments

 Percussion instrument- they are hit ,tapped or shaken for example

moropa,cymbals,shakers, marimba
 Wind instrument- they are blown for example lethaka, phala, lenaka, flute
 Stringed instrument- they have strings that are plucked or stroked for example violin, guitar
 Electronic instrument – instrument that are plugged to the electricity for example piano,
electric guitar

MATERIALS

4.1.1.1 MATERIALS FOR PARTICULAR PRODUCTS

 Materials are used to make things or objects and are selected looking at the use of the
product for example plastic for umbrella because it does not allow to pass through.
Materials include wood, paper, clay, fabric, metal, leather, glass etc.

Choosing material for a particular product

PRODUCT MATERIAL
Shoes Leather
umbrella Plastic
Bookshelf Metal or wood
Clothes Fabric
Tables Metal or wood
Car Metal
windows Glass
4.1.1.2 PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS IN RELATION TO THEIR DESIGNS

OBJECT MATERIAL PROPERTIES

Flower pot clay Hard when dry
towel cotton Absorbs water and very soft
Coffee table wood Hard to break
Water glass glass Easy to see through
umbrella Plastic Smooth and soft

4.1.1.3 & 4.1.1.5 ECONOMIC USE OF MATERIALS

 Plan so that you don’t waste materials

 If you use a lot of materials the product becomes expensive
 Off cuts should be re-used

RHYMES AND CHOREOGRAPHY

3.2.1.1& 3.2.1.2 RHYMING WORDS

 Rhyming words are words with the same sound e.g book-look
 Compose a song with rhyming words with your learners
 Rhyming words for example such-much, feet-meet, boy-toy

3.2.1.3.,3.2.1.4 & 3.2.1.5 CHOREOGRAPHY

 Choreography is the planning of dance steps for a dance

 Materials used in choreography are costumes, masks, props and make up
 Movements can be used to tell a story

2.2 PAINTING

2.2.1.1 PAINTING TECHNIQUES, TOOLS AND MATERIALS

TOOLS MATERIALS TECHNIQUES

Brushes Canvas Sponging
Sponges Plain paper Splattering
Sticks Walls String
Fingers Cardboard blow
Straws Boards
feathers Paint
pallets
Toothbrush

2.2.1.2, 2.2.1.3, 2.2.1.4 & 2.2.1.5 PRACTICAL WORK

 Mix and experiment with colour effects light and dark effects
 Painting natural and man –made forms
 Painting pictures form observation , imagination and memory
 Analysing given picture thus colour and effects , materials, and techniques used
4.2 STRUCTURES

A structure is a frame or shell that supports, holds or protect things

 Shell structures – gives support from outside for example car bodies, cups, bottles, snail
 Frame structures- gives support from inside for example chair, skeleton bridge,tent and
these are made up of different parts called members which are joined together to form
frame

4.2.1.1 FORCES ON FRAME STRUCTURES

Force is the strength or weight pushing or pulling on a frame

 Pushing –presses the members of the structure together

 Pulling- tries to pull members of a structure apart
 Bending – bends the beam of a structure
 Stretching
 Squeezing
 Twisting(torsion)

4.2.1.2 STRENGTHENING MATERIALS

 Materials can be strengthened by supporting them example photo frame supported with
cardboard behind

4.2.1.3& 4.2.1.4 TRIANGUALATION

 Triangulation is away of reinforcing a shape so that it cannot be squashed into a another

shape
 A triangle is used to make a shape stronger

 Triangulation is also available in doors, roof trusses

3.3 BODY PERCUSSION

3.3..1.1, 3.3.1.2 & 3.3.1.3 BODY PERCUSSIONS

 Making sound with body parts

 Hands- clapping
 Feet- stamping
 Fingers- clicking
 Tongue- ululating and clicking
 Mouth – whistling
 Thighs – slapping

3.9 ATHELETICS

3.9.1.1 RUNS, THROWS & JUMPS

RUNS THROWS JUMPS

Flat races (100,200,400,800) Javelin Long jump
Hurdles Discuss Triple jump
Relays Shot put High jump
Hammer throw
3.9.1.2 suitable pace for suitable race

Short race needs pace, stamina and suppleness

3.9.1.3, 3.9.1.4 & 3.9.1.5 practical work

3.9.1.6 starting zones for short races

200m starting point

100m starting point 400m starting point

3.9.1.7 RULES FOR SHORT RACES , JUMPS AND THROWS

SHORT RACES JUMPS THROWS

Place both knees onto the
starting line
Run with relaxed muscles
Run with full speed
Keep your line till the finish line
Run as straight as possible
The jump is measured from the
foot mark nearest to the take
off
You are not allowed to touch
the top of the circle rim
You are not allowed to leave
the circle before the shot has
landed
The shot must land between
the lines marking the landing
sector

2.3 COLLAGE/MOSAIC

2.3.1.1 & 2.3.1.2 MATERIALS FOR COLLAGE /MOSAIC

 Mosaic is a picture or pattern made by pasting small pieces of materials onto a surface. Only
one material is used. It is used to decorate frames , walls, pots, floors and pathways
 Collage is a picture or pattern made by different kinds of material onto a sheet of paper or
cardboard. Any material can be used

MOSAIC COLLAGE
Coloured papers seeds
Stones Grass
Glass Twigs
Ceramic Sweet rappers
Newspapers
Coloured papers