WEIGHTLESSNESS

GRAVITATION (1) During Free fall under gravity

inside a spacecraft or satellite,
KEPLER's body is weightless.
LAW OF
(2) Effective weight of body becomes
PLANETARY Zero.
MOTION
GEOSTATIONARY & POLAR
SATELLITE

(1) GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE

Height from earth’s surface = 36,000 km
Radius = 42,400 Km
LAW OF ORBIT Time Period = 24 hours.

Every planet revolves around the

sun in an elliptical orbit and sun is GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY
at it’s one of the foci points.
NEWTON'S LAW OF
GRAVITATION & GRAVIATATIONAL POTENTIAL
(2) POLAR SATELLITE
Height from earth’s surface = 330 Km
Gravitational Potential Energy
Time Period = 84 Min
GRAVITATIONAL Orbital Velocity = 7.92 Km/s
• Energy required to bring a mass
ACCELERATION from an infinite position to point
POLAR ORBIT
T = 2-3

r under gravitational field of earth

THE gravitational Force acting between with constant velocity
two bodies separated by distance ‘r’ is Gm1m2
U=−
ROTATION OF EARTH

directly proportional to product of their At surface of earth, T = 24 hours

masses and inversely proportional to Fgravitational = Weight

r
square of distance between them SUPERPOSITION • Generally, infinite is reference
Gm1m2 GmMe point
F= PRINCIPLE IN VECTOR Mg =
LAW OF AREA r2 RE2 Gravitational Potential
Nm2 FORM ESCAPE SPEED &
⇒ G = 6.67 × 10 −11 Gme
gs = Amount of work done in moving a ENERGY CONSERVATION
(i) The line joins any planet to the Kg2     RE2 unit test mass from  - position
sun sweeps equal area in equal
intervals of time
F1 = F12 + F13 + ....... + F1n to point under gravitational field
dA L of earth
Gm U
(ii] = Newton’s law in Variation of ‘g’ at height ‘h’ V=− =
dt 2m  1+ h 
−2 r M
(iii) Areal velocity is constant vector form gh = gs 
 RE 

Gravitational Potential For solid sphere
Y
if h <<<< RE (3R2 − r2 )
(i) r < R → v = −GM
V

m1 F12
r21 SUPERPOSITION 2R3 Minimum speed required by an
object to escape Gravitational
m2 PRINCIPLE IN SCALAR FORM 2h GM
R

gh = gs (1 − )
O r

F21 (ii) r = R → v = − Field of Earth

RE R -GM/R
2GM
r1 GM Ve = = 2gR E
Resultant force acting on a (iii) r > R → v = − r -1.5 GM/R
RE
r2 Ve = 11.2 Km/s
particle due to other particles is Variation of ‘g’ with depth Gravitational Field intensity
vector sum of forces exerted by
Strength of Gravitational field
LAW OF PERIODS 
O X individual particle in it
d applied per unit test mass is Orbital velocity of satellite
r1 = position of first particle gd = gs (1 − ) defined as Gravitational Field
RE
(i) The square of time period of  Ms ME
Intensity
revolution of a planet is r2 = position of second particle  −GM
E = 2 r
m


h
proportional to cube of semi – r1 R+h
F01
r12 = Force between them. r
v0

major axis of an ellipse R

rn r2
(ii) T 2 ∝ R3  Gm m F0n F02
F12 =  1 22 r12
Relation between Gravitational GM
4π2R3 r1 − r2 Variation of ‘g’ from equator to pole ;(r = R + h)
(iii) T 2 = potential & Intensity (i) orbital velocity = r
Gm r3 F03
 
 Gm m (r − r ) (ii) Total energy of satellite =
F12 = 1 2
  3
1 2
(i) E = − dV Constant
r1 − r2 g' = g − Rω2 cos2 λ dr K.E + P.E = constant
  (iii) Total energy =
 
F12 = − F21 F1 = F12 + F13 + ……. + F1N Mr
(ii) ∆V = ∫ E . dr GMm GMm GMm
− =
2r r 2r

anand_mani16 DR. Anand Mani https://www.anandmani.com/ https://discord.io/anandmani t.me/neetplus