What Is Interrupt, Interrupts Handling, Interrupt Service Routine

What Is Interrupt

The instruction which needs immediate attention or execution is called the interrupt. In
the early days of computing, the higher-order function to be performed in the controller
or processor will lead to the time taking process as they have the order signal
processing. To eliminate this and to decrease the slow response of the processors the
Interrupt_technology had been introduced to perform the sudden or high priority
instructions.

When the interrupt occurs in the processor or controller they will execute the present
instruction and will look after that instruction which is interrupting through the
interrupt_handler or interrupt service routine (ISR).

How To Handle Interrupt

Normally the cycle of the controller or the processor is like fetch, decode and execute. If
the cycle will be disturbed due to the unplanned instruction then it is called an interrupt.
To handle this type of interrupts we need different tools. The interrupt_handler is used
to handle the sudden and important instructions that should be executed immediately.

The interrupt_handler will be activated when the interrupt occurs and the cycle of the
processor or controller is disturbed or stopped. The interrupt handler will recognize the
type of interrupt and then it will execute the instruction immediately.

Most of the interrupts are of asynchronous type. This interrupt_handler is popularly

known as the Interrupt Service Routine (ISR). The interrupt handlers are classified
according to the types of interrupts occurrence. Every device will have different types of
interrupt handlers.

Key features of Interrupt service routine:

01. ISR had the capability of disabling the other devices’ interrupts while enabling the
present device interrupts and it can re-enable the other device interrupts after
completion of execution.

02. Interrupt_Service Routines are always ready to act because the maximum number of
interrupts is of asynchronous type.
03. This interrupt_service mechanism can make the ISR work for multiple sources.

04. The ISR can handle both non-maskable and maskable interrupts. The program line
can be used to enable or disable the handler.

05. The ISR can also be used for the diversion of unimportant instructions

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