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com -
)ﻓﺴﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ
(Vsion
ﻋﻠﻲﻣﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺭﺷﻴﺪ
FICMS OPHTH
ﻓﻴﻜﻮ
MRCOED
ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﻲ ،ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ PDF ،ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ ﻭ Flexcil -
ﺗﻢﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ Flexcil )iOS( https://www.flexcil.com
•ﺇﻣﻴﺘﺮﻭﺑﻴﺎ)ﻣﻊ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺧﺎء ﺍﻹﻗﺎﻣﺔ( ﻫﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﻜﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺍﺯﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﻮء ﻣﻦ
ﺟﺴﻢﺑﻌﻴﺪ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻦ
ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﻲ ،ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ PDF ،ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ ﻭ Flexcil -
ﺗﻢﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ Flexcil )iOS( https://www.flexcil.com
ﺃﻣﻴﺘﺮﻭﺑﻴﺎﻳﺸﻴﺮ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ .emmetropiaﻓﻲﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱﻣﻘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻦ ametropia ،ﺇﻣﺎ ﻃﻮﻳﻞ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻏﻴﺮ
ﻋﺎﺩﻱ)ﻗﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ( ﺃﻭ ﻗﺼﻴﺮ )ﻣﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮ( .ﻓﻲﺍﻻﻧﻜﺴﺎﺭﺍﻟﻄﻮﻝ ametropia ،ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺎً ،ﻟﻜﻦ
ﻗﻮﺓﺍﻧﻜﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻦ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ :ﻣﻔﺮﻃﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﺃﻭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮ.
ﺃ -ﺃﺷﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﻮء ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺯﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﻼﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﺰء ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻣﻲ ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻜﻴﺔ ،ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺸﻜﻞ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﻴﺔ .ﺏ-ﺃﺷﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﻮء
ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺍﺯﻳﺔﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﻼﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﻟﺸﺒﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻦ ،ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺸﻜﻞ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻦ.
ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﻲ ،ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ PDF ،ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ ﻭ Flexcil -
ﺗﻢﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ Flexcil )iOS( https://www.flexcil.com
ﺍﻟﻼﺑﺆﺭﻳﺔ
ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺍﻻﻧﻜﺴﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻼﺑﺆﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻝ.
ﺇﺫﺍﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ 90ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﻟﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ،ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﻳﺴﻤﻰﻋﺎﺩﻱﺍﻟﻼﺑﺆﺭﻳﺔ .ﺇﺫﺍ
ﻛﺎﻧﺖﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻨﺪ 90ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﻟﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻻ ﺗﻘﻊ ﻋﻨﺪ 90ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﻭ 180
ﺩﺭﺟﺔﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺏ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ،ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺢﻣﻨﺤﺮﻑ -ﻣﺎﺋﻞﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻼﺑﺆﺭﻳﺔ .ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ
ﻟﻴﺴﺖ 90ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﻟﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ،ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﻰﻏﻴﺮ ﻋﺎﺩﻱﺍﻟﻼﺑﺆﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺤﻬﺎ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺍﺕ.
ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕﺍﻻﻧﻜﺴﺎﺭ
ﻳﺸﻴﺮﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﻻﻧﻜﺴﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻧﻜﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﻴﻦ .ﻳﻘُﺎﻝ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ًﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ
ﺇﺫﺍﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ D 2ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ،ﺇﻣﺎ ﻛﺮﻭﻳﺎً ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺠﻤﺎﻣﻴﺎً ،ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺻﻐﺮ ﻣﻦ D 2ﻗﺪ
ﺗﻜﻮﻥﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً.
ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﻲ ،ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ PDF ،ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ ﻭ Flexcil -
ﺗﻢﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ Flexcil )iOS( https://www.flexcil.com
ﺗﺸﺨﺒﺺ:
.1ﺍﻻﻧﻜﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻲ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮ )(VA
.2ﺍﻻﻧﻜﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻣﻊ ﺃ .ﺗﻨﻈﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﻴﺔ ﺏ .ﺍﻻﻧﻜﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮ
ﺳﻨﻴﻠﻴﻦ
ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ Snellenﻟﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎً .ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﺨﻄﻄﺎً ﺑﻪ ﺻﻔﻮﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻭﻑ ﺫﺍﺕ
ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻢﺍﻟﻤﺘﻨﺎﻗﺺ .ﻳﻤُﻨﺢ ﻛﻞ ﺻﻒ ﺭﻗﻤﺎً ﻳﺸﻴﺮ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﺫﻱ ﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮ
ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﺔﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻭﻑ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ .ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺃﺷﺮﻃﺔ ﻭﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﻛﻞ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺱ .ﻳﻘُﺮﺃ
ﻣﺨﻄﻂﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ًﻣﻦ 6ﺃﻣﺘﺎﺭ ) 20ﻗﺪﻣﺎً( .ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ،ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺤﺪﺩ ﺍﻷﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻂ ""12
ﻣﻦ 6ﺃﻣﺘﺎﺭ ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﺭﺅﻳﺔ - (20/40) 6/12ﻳﺸﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻂ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻫﺪﺓ .ﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮ "ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ" ﻫﻲ /20) 6/6
(20ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎً ﻣﺎ ﻳﺤﻘﻘﻮﻥ 6/4ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮ.
ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﻲ ،ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ PDF ،ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ ﻭ Flexcil -
ﺗﻢﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ Flexcil )iOS( https://www.flexcil.com
ﻣﻨﻈﺎﺭﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﻴﺔ
ﻳﻤﻜﻦﺇﺟﺮﺍء ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﻜﺴﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﻨﻈﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﻴﺔ ،ﻭﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ
ﺗﻨﻈﻴﺮﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﻴﺔ.
ﺍﻻﻧﻜﺴﺎﺭﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﺮﻱ ﺍﻵﻟﻲ
ﻋﻠﻰﻣﺪﻯ 200ﻋﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺤﻮ ﺫﻟﻚ ،ﺑﺬﻟﺖ ﻣﺤﺎﻭﻻﺕ ﻷﺗﻤﺘﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﻜﺴﺎﺭ ،ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻧﺠﺎﺡ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ .ﻻ
ﻳﻤﻜﻦﺍﻟﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﻮﻕ ﻟﻤﺨﺘﺺ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻧﻜﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻫﺮ.
ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﻲ ،ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ PDF ،ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ ﻭ Flexcil -
ﺗﻢﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ Flexcil )iOS( https://www.flexcil.com
ﻋﻼﺝ:
ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺍﺕﺯﺟﺎﺟﻴﺔ: .1
ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﻲ ،ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ PDF ،ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ ﻭ Flexcil -
ﺗﻢﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ Flexcil )iOS( https://www.flexcil.com
ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﻲ ،ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ PDF ،ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ ﻭ Flexcil -
ﺗﻢﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ Flexcil )iOS( https://www.flexcil.com
.3ﺇﺟﺮﺍءﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻧﻜﺴﺎﺭ
ﺗﺸﻤﻞﺍﻟﺠﺮﺍﺣﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﻜﺴﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍءﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻬﺪﻑ ﺇﻟﻰ
ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﻧﻜﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻦ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ ،ﻭﻫﻲ
ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕﺍﻻﻧﻜﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ
ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﻲ ،ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ PDF ،ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ ﻭ Flexcil -
ﺗﻢﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ Flexcil )iOS( https://www.flexcil.com
ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻝﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ
ﻳﻤﺘﺪﺍﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻣﻦﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ 50ﺩﺭﺟﺔ
ﺃﻋﻠﻰ 60،ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻷﻧﻒ 70 ،ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻭ 90
ﺩﺭﺟﺔﻣﺆﻗﺘﺎً .ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺣﺪﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻞ )ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺮﺓ(
ﺛﻢﺗﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺠﻴﺎ ًﻧﺤﻮ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ ،ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﺤﺪﺭ ﺍﻷﻧﻒ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ
ﺍﻧﺤﺪﺍﺭﺍًﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻏﻲ .ﺗﻘﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﺎء ﻣﺆﻗﺘﺎً ﺑﻴﻦ 10
ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕﻭ 20ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ،ﺃﺳﻔﻞ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻲ ﻗﻠﻴﻼً.
ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﻲ ،ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ PDF ،ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ ﻭ Flexcil -
ﺗﻢﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ Flexcil )iOS( https://www.flexcil.com
ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﻲ ،ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ PDF ،ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ ﻭ Flexcil -
ﺗﻢﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ Flexcil )iOS( https://www.flexcil.com
ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﻲ ،ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ PDF ،ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ ﻭ Flexcil -
ﺗﻢﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ Flexcil )iOS( https://www.flexcil.com
ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻰﻋﻠﻰ (1
ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺭﻁ.
ﻣﻔﺮﻕ (2
ﺍﻟﻌﺘﻤﺔ.
ﻧﻘﻄﻴﺔ (3
ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻰﺍﻟﺸﻘﻲ.
ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻞ (4
ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻧﺴﺔﺍﻟﻠﻔﻆ
ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻰﺍﻟﺸﻘﻲ.
ﺃﺭﻗﻰ (5
ﺭﺑﺎﻋﻲ.
ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ (6
ﺭﺑﺎﻋﻲ.
ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻞ (7
ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻧﺴﺔﺍﻟﻠﻔﻆ
ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻰﺍﻟﺸﻘﻲ
ﻣﻊﺍﻟﺒﻘﻌﻲ
ﺗﺠﻨﻴﺐ.
ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻞ (8
ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻧﺴﺔﺍﻟﻠﻔﻆ
ﺍﻟﺒﻘﻌﻲ
ﻋﻴﻮﺏ.
ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﻲ ،ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ PDF ،ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ ﻭ Flexcil -
ﺗﻢﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ Flexcil )iOS( https://www.flexcil.com
2ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﺭﻳﻂﻋﺪﺩﻫﻢ ﺃﻗﻞ ) 6ﻣﻼﻳﻴﻦ( ﻭﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺮﺓ .ﻫﻢ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻀﻮء ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻃﻊ
ﻭﻳﺘﻮﺳﻄﻮﻥﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺭﺅﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﻟﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ .ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ ﺿﻌﻒ
ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺔﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﻭﺿﻌﻒ ﺭﺅﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﻟﻮﺍﻥ)ﺧﻠﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ( ﻭﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎً ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭﻳﺔ .()hemeralopia
ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺮﺓﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﺭﻳﻂ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ؛ ﺃﺯﺭﻕ)
ﺗﺮﻳﺘﺎﻥ( ﻋﻨﺪ 424-414ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ،ﺃﺧﻀﺮ )ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻮﺗﺮﺍﻥ( 522-539ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻭﺃﺣﻤﺮ )ﺑﺮﻭﺗﺎﻥ( ﻋﻨﺪ 570-549ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ.
• ﻳﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻱ ﻛﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻟﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ
ﻧﻄﺎﻕ.ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻱ ﺻﺒﻐﺔ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻴﺔ ﻧﺎﻗﺼﺔ )ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻭﺗﺎﻧﻮﻣﺎﻟﻲ -ﺿﻌﻒ ﺃﺣﻤﺮ( ﺃﻭ ﻏﺎﺋﺒﺔ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎً )
ﻣﺜﻞﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭﺗﻮﺑﻴﺎ -ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻰ ﺍﻷﺣﻤﺮ( .ﺗﻤﺘﻠﻚ Trichromatsﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﺭﻳﻂ )ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ
ﺃﻧﻬﺎﻻ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻲ( ،ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺃﻭ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﺭﻳﻂ ﻳﺠﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ
ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥﺃﻭ ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﻟﻲ.
ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﻲ ،ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ PDF ،ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ ﻭ Flexcil -
ﺡ:ﻓﻠﻮﺭﻳﺪﺍﺝ ﺫﻩﻳﻜﻮﻥﺩﺍﺭﺍﺑﻌﺎﺵﺃﻧﺎﺃﻧﺎﻩﻥﺩﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭﺃﻧﺎﺱﻥﺏﺭﻩﺍ2enﺷﻬﺮﺯﺩﺹﺍﺫﺍ ﺍﻧﺎﺍ
ﻥﺃwf.ﺝﺟﻨﻴﻪﻑxcﺵﺍﻧﺎ.ﺃﻧﺎﺝﺹﺍﻩﻡﺩ .ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ
ﺩﺙ//ﺃ :ﺱ ﺱﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖﺍciﻻﻥﺯﺹﻩ)iOﻥ
ﺃﻧﺎﺱﺭ(ﺃﺡﻝw
ttp ﺇﺩﺵﺙﺹ ﻳﻤﻜﻦﻟﻌﻴﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻴﺔ ﺏ ﺩ
ﺩﺝ ﺭ
ﺗﻜﻮﻥﻋﻴﻮﺏ ﺭﺅﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﻟﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺍﺛﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎً ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄﺎً ﺑـ Xﺷﺬﻭﺫ ﺃﺣﻤﺮ-ﺃﺧﻀﺮ ﻣﺘﻨﺤﻲ ﻳﺼﻴﺐ
ﻫﻮ -ﻫﻲ
٪8-٪5ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻭ ٪0.5ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻧﺎﺙ ،ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎً ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﻷﺯﺭﻕ
ﻭﺍﻷﺻﻔﺮﻭﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺎﺙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪ ﺳﻮﺍء.
ﻳﻤﻴﻞﻣﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺮﺍء ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺴﺐ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻋﻴﻮﺏ ﺻﻔﺮﺍء ﺯﺭﻗﺎء ﻭﺁﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ
ﻋﻴﻮﺏﺣﻤﺮﺍء ﻭﺧﻀﺮﺍء.
ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕﺭﺅﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ
1ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﺸﻴﻬﺎﺭﺍ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻟﻠﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻴﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭﺗﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﻮﺗﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻘﻴﺔ.
2ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ Farnsworth Panel D-15ﻫﻮ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﺳﺮﻉ ﺑﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻼءﻣﺔ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﺮﻱ
ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺗﻴﻨﻲﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ 15ﻗﺮﺻﺎً ﻣﻠﻮﻧﺎً.
ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﻲ ،ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ PDF ،ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ ﻭ Flexcil -
ﺗﻢﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ Flexcil )iOS( https://www.flexcil.com
ﺷﻜﺮﺍًﻟﻚ
ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﻲ ،ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ PDF ،ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ ﻭ Flexcil -