VI.

METHODS AND
APPROACHES OF
LANGUAGE ARTS
TEACHING

Arriane Kris M. Manalastas

Instructor
Classroom Management
Classroom management
refers to the techniques
and strategies employed
by teachers to create a
positive and productive
learning environment
within a classroom
setting.
Approaches to Classroom
Management
▪ Traditional
Approaches

▪ Contemporary
Classroom
Management
Approaches
Note:
Effective classroom management
requires successfully managing both
internal and external factors since all
of these factors play significant roles
in students’ behaviors in classroom
environment (Özdayı, 2004).
 Teacher- centered vs Student- centered
Approaches
1. Role of the Teacher: In a teacher-centered approach, the teacher is the primary
source of knowledge and authority, while in a student-centered approach, the
teacher acts as a facilitator, guiding and supporting students' learning.
2. Focus: Teacher-centered approaches focus on the transmission of information
from the teacher to the students, while student-centered approaches focus on
active student engagement, critical thinking, and problem-solving.
3. Student Engagement: Student-centered approaches promote active participation,
collaboration, and student-led learning, whereas teacher-centered approaches
often involve passive listening and following instructions.
 Teacher- centered vs Student- centered
Approaches
4. Learning Outcomes: Student-centered approaches aim to develop higher-order thinking
skills, creativity, and independent learning abilities, while teacher-centered approaches
primarily focus on acquiring and memorizing information.
5. Assessment: Teacher-centered approaches often rely on traditional forms of assessment,
such as tests and quizzes, while student-centered approaches may incorporate diverse
assessment methods that evaluate students' understanding, application, and creativity.
Note: Both approaches have their merits and may be used in combination, depending on the
context and subject matter. However, the student-centered approach is often favored in
modern educational practices as it promotes active learning, critical thinking, and the
development of essential skills needed in the 21st century.
 A teaching approach refers to the
overall philosophy, theory, or framework
that guides an educator's instructional
Teaching practices. It encompasses the
fundamental beliefs, principles, and values
Approach that shape the way teachers approach
versus teaching and learning.
Teaching A teaching approach provides a
broad perspective on how education
Methods should be conducted and how students
should be engaged in the learning
process.
 Approach Method
Meaning It is the view of looking at things. The It is the style of presentation or practical
procedure of teaching learning is called an
realization of an approach through a
approach or the way we teach. procedure in a system.
Scope It is broader than method. It is narrower term as compared to
approach.
Logic It has no scientific logic. It has scientific logic.
Purpose To realize the goals of education. To make effective presentation of subject
and content in the classroom.
Objective To achieve educational objectives and To have memorization of facts and
national objectives. concepts.
Examples Teacher Centered Approach Child Centered Play way Method
Approach Evaluation Approach Lecture Method
Management Approach, Direct Instruction Project Method
Indirect Instruction Story telling Method, etc.
Experiential Learning
Independent Study
Interactive Instruction
Examples of Teaching Approaches include:
• Constructivism: Emphasizes active learning, where students construct
their own knowledge through hands-on experiences, problem-
solving, and collaboration.
• Behaviorism: Focuses on observable behaviors, with an emphasis on
reinforcement and conditioning to shape student behavior.
• Montessori: Emphasizes self-directed learning, hands-on materials,
and individualized instruction based on students' interests and
abilities.
Note: Teaching approaches provide a foundation for instructional
decision-making and influence the selection and implementation of
specific teaching methods.
 A teaching method refers to a
specific strategy or technique used by
a teacher to deliver instruction and
facilitate learning. It involves the
practical and tangible aspects of
teaching, such as the instructional
materials, activities, and procedures
employed in the classroom. Teaching
methods are concrete and actionable,
outlining how teachers present
information, engage students, and
assess learning.
Examples of Teaching Methods include:

• Lecture: The teacher presents information through spoken

explanations and demonstrations.
• Cooperative Learning: Students work in small groups to solve
problems or complete tasks collaboratively.
• Inquiry-based Learning: Students investigate questions, gather data,
and draw conclusions through guided inquiry.
• Problem-based Learning: Students work on real-world problems,
applying knowledge and skills to find solutions.
Note:
Teaching methods can be chosen and adapted
based on the specific learning goals, subject matter, and
student characteristics. Effective teachers often employ a
variety of methods to cater to diverse student needs and
enhance engagement and understanding.
In summary, a teaching approach is the overarching
philosophy or framework that guides instructional
practices, while a teaching method refers to specific
strategies or techniques used to deliver instruction. The
teaching approach provides the theoretical foundation,
while the teaching methods are the practical tools used to
implement the approach.
 direct instruction

indirect instruction

Instructional experiential learning

Approaches
independent study

interactive instruction
 English Teaching Methods
The term teaching method refers to the general principles, pedagogy
and management strategies used for classroom instruction. The
teacher’s choice of teaching method depends on what fits them —
their educational philosophy, classroom demographic, subject area(s)
and school mission statement.

Teaching theories can be organized into four categories based on two

major parameters: a teacher-centered approach versus a student-
centered approach, and high-tech material use versus low-tech
material use.
Examples:

Communicative Language Teaching (CLT): CLT focuses on developing students'

ability to communicate effectively in real-life situations. It emphasizes
interactive activities, role-plays, discussions, and authentic language use.
Students engage in meaningful communication, both in pairs and groups, to
practice listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills.

Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT): TBLT centers around learners

completing tasks that simulate real-life situations. Students work
collaboratively to achieve a specific goal, using English as the means of
communication. Tasks can include problem-solving activities, simulations, or
projects that require the application of language skills.
3. Total Physical Response (TPR): TPR utilizes physical actions and gestures to
teach vocabulary and language structures. The teacher provides commands,
and students respond by physically carrying out the actions. This method aims
to establish a strong association between language and movement,
promoting comprehension and memorization.
4. Audio-Lingual Method: The Audio-Lingual Method emphasizes intensive
drilling and repetition of language patterns. Students listen to model
sentences and repeat them, focusing on correct pronunciation and grammar.
This method aims to develop accurate language habits and automatic
responses.
5. Content-Based Instruction (CBI): CBI integrates language learning with the
study of academic content. Language is taught in the context of specific
subjects, such as science, history, or literature. Students acquire language
skills while learning about other subjects, promoting meaningful and
interdisciplinary learning.
6. Suggestopedia: Suggestopedia creates a relaxed and positive learning
environment to enhance language learning. It incorporates music, art, and
visualization techniques to reduce anxiety and promote language acquisition.
Learners engage in activities such as dialogues, role-plays, and creative tasks.
7. Grammar-Translation Method: The Grammar-Translation Method focuses
on the explicit teaching of grammar rules and translation of sentences
between the native language and English. It aims to develop reading and
writing skills and to understand the grammatical structure of the target
language.
8. The Silent Way: The Silent Way encourages learner autonomy and
discovery through problem-solving. The teacher remains silent for much of
the lesson, using visual aids and gestures to prompt students to produce
correct language forms. Learners actively participate and take control of their
learning process.
End of Chapter VI