Ultimate Strength Design

1. Design assumptions in flexure

2. Analysis of Singly Reinforced Concrete Beam
3. Design of Singly Reinforced Concrete Beam
4. Analysis of Doubly Reinforced Concrete Beam
5. Design of Doubly Reinforced Concrete Beam
 b

d N.A.
Ast

Cross Section Strain diagram

 0.003

b = 0.003

d N.A.
Ast

Cross Section Strain diagram

• If fs < fy ; use

• If fs ≥ fy ; use
 b = 0.003

d N.A.
Ast

Effective
Cross Section Strain diagram
 b = 0.003

d N.A.
Ast

Effective
Cross Section Stress Profile Strain diagram
 b = 0.003

d N.A.
Ast

Effective
Cross Section Stress Profile Strain diagram
 b = 0.003

d N.A.
Ast

Effective
Cross Section Stress Profile Strain diagram
 b = 0.003

d N.A.
Ast

Effective
Cross Section Stress Profile Strain diagram
 b 𝑓 = 0.85𝑓′ = 0.003

𝑎=𝛽 𝑐
d N.A.
Ast

Effective
Cross Section Stress Profile Strain diagram
 b 𝑓 = 0.85𝑓′ = 0.003

𝑎=𝛽 𝑐 c
d N.A.
Ast

Effective
Cross Section Stress Profile Strain diagram
• For f’c = 17 Mpa to 28 MPa

• For f’c > 28 MPa

 b b 𝑓 = 0.85𝑓′

c 𝑎=𝛽 𝑐 𝐹 = 0.85𝑓′ 𝑎𝑏

d d N.A.
Ast Ast
𝐹 =𝐴 𝑓

Effective
Cross Section Cross Section Stress Profile
1. Solve for depth of rectangular compression block “a”
Assume that the steel yields (fs = fy).

𝐹 =0

0.85𝑓′ 𝑎𝑏 = 𝐴 𝑓

𝐴 𝑓
𝑎= = ___________𝑚𝑚
0.85𝑓′ 𝑏

𝑎
𝑐= = _______𝑚𝑚
𝛽
1. Solve for depth of rectangular compression block “a”
Assume that the steel yields (fs = fy).

𝐹 =0

fy
0.85𝑓′ 𝑎𝑏 = 𝐴 𝑓
f
𝐴 𝑓 y
𝑎= = ___________𝑚𝑚
0.85𝑓′ 𝑏

𝑎
𝑐= = _______𝑚𝑚
𝛽
1a. Solve for depth of rectangular compression block “a”
Assume that the steel yields (fs = fy).

𝐹 =0

0.85𝑓′ 𝑎𝑏 = 𝐴 𝑓

𝐴 𝑓
𝑎= = ___________𝑚𝑚
0.85𝑓′ 𝑏

𝑎
𝑐= = _______𝑚𝑚
𝛽
2a. Check the value of actual reinforcement stress “fs”
by similar triangle:

, .

If fs ≥ fy ; then use fs = fy (assumption is correct)

If fs < fy ; therefore assumption is wrong, or steel does not yield

If fs ≥ fy ; then use fs = fy (assumption is correct)
3a. Nominal Moment Capacity (Mn)

𝑎
(𝑑 − )
Moment about Fs : 2

Moment about Fc :
If fs < fy ; therefore assumption is wrong, or steel does not yield (fs ≠ fy)
Solved “a” & “c” are not correct.
1b. Solve for depth of rectangular compression block “a”

𝐹 =0

Where;

And;
If fs < fy ; therefore assumption is wrong, or steel does not yield (fs ≠ fy)
Solved “a” & “c” are not correct.
1b. Solve for depth of rectangular compression block “a”

𝐹 =0

Solve for

Correct value of “a” & “c”

2b. Compute the value of actual reinforcement stress “fs”
by substituting value of “c”:

________ MPa
If fs ≥ fy ; then use fs = fy (assumption is correct)
3b. Nominal Moment Capacity (Mn)

𝑎
(𝑑 − )
Moment about Fs : 2

Moment about Fc :
4. Ultimate Moment Capacity (Mu)
4. Ultimate Moment Capacity (Mu)

𝑎
Moment about Fs : (𝑑 − )
2

Moment about Fc :
4. Ultimate Moment Capacity (Mu)

𝑎
Moment about Fs : (𝑑 − )
2

Moment about Fc :
Problem 1:
Given a rectangular beam having a width of 270 mm and an effective depth
of 480 mm. The Beam is reinforced for tension only with a steel area of 3500
mm2. use f’c = 25MPa ; fy = 400 Mpa

a. Determine the Depth of the Compression block “a” .

b. Determine the Nominal Moment Capacity of the Beam section.
c. Determine the Ultimate Moment Capacity of the Beam section.
d. Find the Uniform ultimate load “wu” that the beam can carry in a simple
span of 6 meters.
e. Determine the safe uniform live load that the beam can carry (unit weight
of concrete is 23.6 KN/m3) ; d’ = 70 mm.
f. Describe the mode of design of the beam section.