CONFIDENTIAL 1 LG/JUNE 2022/ELC501

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

COURSE : ENGLISH FOR CRITICAL ACADEMIC READING

COURSE CODE : ELC501
TEST : JUNE 2022
TIME : 2 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

1. This question paper consists of one (1) passage with eleven (11) questions.

2. Answer ALL questions in the Question Paper.

3. Fill in the details below:

UiTM STUDENT CARD NO. : ________________________________________

PROGRAMME / CODE : ________________________________________

PART : ________________________________________

ENGLISH LANGUAGE GROUP : ________________________________________

NAME OF LECTURER : ________________________________________

4. You are allowed to refer to a printed English-English dictionary.

5. Please check to make sure that this test pack consists of :

i)i) the Question Paper

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

This test paper consists of 11 printed pages

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TOTAL: 35 MARKS
Read the following article and answer ALL the questions that follow.

Do Not Let Parents Decide

I On Feb 21, we were all appalled and saddened by the passing of a 2-year-old boy
in Johor Bharu. The child was believed to have not been vaccinated since birth and
passed away due to severe diphtheria with multiorgan failure. Following the case,
another five children in Johor Bharu were identified with diphtheria, one of them the
sister of the boy. All the victims were under the age of four and had contact with the 5
2-year-old boy. Such a tragedy could have been prevented if the parents had an
ounce of conscience to vaccinate the child. The increasing trend of anti-
vaccination movements in Malaysia bodes ill for the future of our children. If nothing
is done, we could be looking at a nation ravaged by measles, chickenpox, rubella,
meningitis, hepatitis and more. 10

II Deputy Women, Family and Community Development Minister, Hannah Yeoh,

recently commented that although it is the parents’ prerogative to vaccinate their
children, they should not wait until death comes knocking at the door to start acting
swiftly. There are many reasons why we need to vaccinate. On a day-to-day basis,
we are all prone to attacks from viruses, bacteria and parasites. Our incredible and 15
severely complex body can fend off these attacks; thanks to our immune system.
However, if we are not born with this in-born protection, it has to be developed and
further, enhanced. This is where vaccination plays its vital role by providing
protection for human bodies. Although it does not guarantee full protection against
diseases, vaccination minimizes the severity of the symptoms of such diseases. 20

III Our immunity is divided into two categories: innate and acquired. Innate immunity
is what you are born with. This includes your skin and mucous membranes. Think
of it as your first line of defence and general antivirus system. Acquired immunity,
on the other hand, develops throughout your lifetime. It is adaptive and reacts to
foreign substances that cannot be eliminated by innate immunity. It employs 25
specific targeting and permanently remembers how to effectively destroy or
eliminate invading pathogens. This is what vaccination can provide for our bodies.
IV Antibodies play a huge role in eliminating pathogens. They can either be developed
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in reaction to a threat or a substance or received from an external source.

Naturally, these antibodies can be developed by the immune system in response to 30
a threat, or received from mothers through breastfeeding, for example. These
antibodies can also be artificially developed in response to vaccination or
introduced into the body through medicines. Obviously, our immune systems differ
from one person to another. Some might have weaker immunity compared with
others. That is why vaccination helps in keeping not only an individual, but 35
everyone else around that individual, healthy. This is called herd immunity.

V Despite the health benefits vaccination can offer, the rise of anti-vaxxers is a
serious issue worldwide and Malaysia is no exception. Recently, an unvaccinated
French boy reintroduced measles to Costa Rica which had been measles-free
since 2014. In Madagascar, a staggering 926 people have died from measles — a 40
disease that is entirely preventable via vaccination. The measles outbreak began in
October 2018, and the number of cases has risen to a shocking 68,912.

VI In trying to understand the perspective of people throughout the world who oppose
vaccination, there are several reasons given to support their stand. In the United
States, there are concerns of vaccines causing autism. This originated from a 45
paper published by Andrew Wakefield in 1998, linking MMR vaccines to autism.
Wakefield was then found guilty of falsifying facts and cherry-picking data to suit his
study. However, the damage was already done. Ever since then, scientists and
organisations across the world have spent a great deal of time and money refuting
the study results. 50

VII In Malaysia, a widespread concern involves the halal status of the vaccines. More
than half the cases where parents rejected vaccination between 2013 and 2016
came from Kelantan, Terengganu, Kedah, and Pahang. Some Malaysians believe
that vaccines are contaminated with pig DNA making them haram for consumption.
This contradicts to the statement released by the Muzakarah of the National 55
Council of Fatwa Committee that vaccination is permissible. Recently, the former
Minister in the Prime Minister’s Department, Datuk Seri Dr Mujahid Yusof Rawa
also stated that all vaccines produced in Malaysia are halal and medically
VII approved.
I At this point, the scientific credibility of vaccines should not be a matter of debate. 60
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When the lives of thousands, even millions are at stake, proper science cannot be
ignored. The Health Ministry should be commended for taking this matter seriously
and proposing to make immunisation vaccination mandatory. Making it compulsory
would save so many children from their parents’ imprudent decisions — decisions
that endanger not only their own children, but the children of others as well.
65
IX Although details of implementation are still in talks, it also would not be a bad idea
to follow in the footsteps of Australia. The “No Jab, No Pay” policy by the Australian
government stripped away welfare payments for parents who object vaccination.
Australia also banned unvaccinated and under vaccinated children from schools
and childcare centres during disease outbreaks. Malaysia should also adopt more 70
rigorous spreading of correct information regarding immunisation, and perhaps the
masses can start reporting groups inciting anti-vaccination sentiments especially on
social media platforms, such as Facebook, Twitter and WhatsApp. Healthy future
generation is vital to any nations and vaccination can play its part in ensuring this.
No price is too high to pay for our youth. They are the ones who will carry our 75
legacy forward. As Nelson Mandela once said, “There can be no keener revelation
of a society’s soul than the way in which it treats its children”.

Retrieved and adapted from:

https://www.nst.com.my/opinion/columnists/2019/02/464435/dont-let-parents-decide
Eyman Hadi (February 27, 2019)

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QUESTION 1
Interpret the meaning of the following words as they are used in the passage. You are
allowed to write a one-word answer or a phrase (not more than four words). Do not write in a
full sentence.

a) conscience (line 7):

(1 mark)
b) prerogative (line 12):

(1 mark)
c) artificially (line 32):

(1 mark)
d) staggering (line 40):
_________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
e) proper (line 60):
_________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)

QUESTION 2
Identify the stated main idea of paragraph II and provide ONE MAJOR and ONE MINOR
supporting detail.

a) Stated main idea:

(1 mark)
b) Major supporting detail:

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(1 mark)

c) Minor supporting detail:

(1 mark)

QUESTION 3

Formulate the topic that is most suitable for the content of paragraph IV. Provide TWO (2)
relevant evidence from the paragraph to support your answer. The topic must be in the form
of a phrase or key words and the evidence can be in the form of a sentence or phrase(s).

i. Topic:
(1 mark)

ii. Evidence 1:
(1/2 mark)

iii. Evidence 2:
(1/2 mark)

QUESTION 4

At this point, the scientific credibility of vaccines should not be a matter of debate. (line 59)

Make an inference based on the above statement. Provide TWO (2) relevant evidence from
the paragraph to support your answer. Your answer for the evidence can be in the form of a
sentence or phrase(s).

i. Inference: _

_______
(2 marks)

ii. Evidence 1:

(1/2 mark)
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ii. Evidence 2:

(1/2 mark)

QUESTION 5
Formulate the implied main idea of paragraph IX. Provide TWO (2) relevant evidence from
the paragraph to support your answer. Your answer for the evidence can be in the form of a
sentence or phrase(s).

i. Implied main idea:

(2 marks)

ii. Evidence 1:

(1/2 mark)

iii. Evidence 2:

(1/2 mark)

QUESTION 6

List TWO (2) types of support given by the author in paragraph V to strengthen the
author’s argument that vaccination can save lives and prevent a pandemic. Provide
ONE (1) example for each type of support.

a) Type of support:

Example:

b) Type of support:

Example:

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(4 marks)

QUESTION 7

Identify the type of support for each of the supporting details.

Supporting Detail Type of Support
No
.
a) Deputy Women, Family and Community Development
Minister, Hannah Yeoh, recently commented that although it
is the parents’ prerogative to vaccinate their children, they
should not wait until death comes knocking at the door to
start acting swiftly. (Paragraph II)
b) According to the Muzakarah of the National Council of
Fatwa Committee, vaccination is permissible. (Paragraph
VII)

(2 marks)

QUESTION 8

Identify whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE?

Innate immunity works by stimulating body to learn how to

a)
efficiently destroy or eliminate invading pathogens.

Breastfeeding helps babies to build up their natural immunity

b)
system.

Religious opinion was the main reason people worldwide

c)
refused vaccination.

(3 marks)

QUESTION 9

“Making it compulsory would save so many children from their parents’ imprudent decisions
— decisions that endanger not only their own children, but the children of others as well.”
(Lines 62-65)

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Do you agree with the above statement? Provide THREE (3) reasons to support your
opinion.

(4 marks)
QUESTION 10

Identify whether the paragraph below is inductive (I) or deductive (D) reasoning. Provide
ONE (1) explanation to support your answer.

a) Antibodies play a huge role in eliminating pathogens. They can either be developed
in reaction to a threat or a substance or received from an external source. Naturally,
these antibodies can be developed by the immune system in response to a threat, or
received from mothers through breastfeeding, for example. These antibodies can
also be artificially developed in response to vaccination and can also be introduced
into the body using medicines. Obviously, our immune systems differ from one
person to another. Some might have weaker immunity compared with others. That is
why vaccination helps in keeping not only an individual, but everyone else around
that individual, healthy. This is called herd immunity. (Paragraph IV)

i. Type of reasoning:

(1 mark)

ii. Explanation for type of reasoning:

(1 mark)

b) The rise of anti-vaxxers is not limited to Malaysia. It is a pandemic that is plaguing

nations across the globe. Recently, an unvaccinated French boy reintroduced
measles to Costa Rica which had been measles-free since 2014. In Madagascar, a
staggering 926 people have died from measles — a disease that is entirely

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preventable via vaccination. The measles outbreak began in October 2018, and the
number of cases has risen to a shocking 68,912. (Paragraph V)

i. Type of reasoning:
(1 mark)

ii. Explanation for type of reasoning:

(1 mark)

QUESTION 11

Formulate ONE (1) underlying assumption that can be made in paragraph VII. Provide TWO
(2) relevant evidence form the paragraph to support your answer. Your answer for the
evidence can be in the form of a sentence or phrase(s).

i. Underlying assumption:

(1 mark)

ii. Evidence 1:

(1/2 mark)

iii. Evidence 2:

(1/2 mark)
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END OF QUESTION PAPER

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