NEW BEGINNINGS:

PAKISTAN AFTER 1947

Kashmir War
 Learning Outcomes
In the following slides, students will be able to:

>Explain events of the Kashmir War.

>The consequences of the War of Kashmir on Pakistan.
ATTAINMENT LO 2

TARGET: Explain events of the Kashmir War.

LO 14
Explore the consequences of the War of
Kashmir War Kashmir on Pakistan.
and its
consequences
Kashmir Issue:
• One of the largest state in the region.
• Had boundaries with Tibet, China, Afghanistan, USSR- great strategic importance.
• In 1947, 4 million inhabitants were Muslims. (As per census of 1941)
• Maharaja was Hindu who tried to win independence for his state but couldn’t. So, he
delayed the decision of joining either Pakistan or India. It is also reported that British
government sold the whole area to Dogra Raj in 75 lac rupees in 1846.
• Maharaja Hari Singh was not fair with Muslim – used to treat badly and tried to drive
Muslims out of his region.
• Over 200,000 Muslims fled to Pakistan in 1947 but later they rose in rebellion. The
maharaja ultimately called India for help on the agreement of acceding to India after
it.
 KASHMIR WAR
• On the day Jinnah flew to Karachi in Mountbatten’s Dakota Plane, Dawn newspaper’s headline
declared:
“Jinnah wishes Hindustan Peace and Prosperity
Past must be buried and let us start afresh”

• Kashmir was important for Pakistan as three of its great rivers flow through Kashmir- Indus, Jhelum
and Chenab. Pakistan saw it vital to be part of it due to its economic, political and security reasons.
• India believed that handing over Kashmir to Pakistan may make Pakistan stronger and more
independent which would be a threat to their security and against their wishes.
• In 1947 the Hindu Maharaja started a campaign to get Muslims out of Kashmir.
 KASHMIR WAR

• Ian Stephens, editor of the Calcutta Statemen newspaper, writes in 1947 about the extermination of
Muslims from one area of Kashmir in the following words:

“Within a period of about eleven weeks starting in August, systematic savageries…….

practically eliminated the entire Muslim element of the population, amounting to 500,000
people. About 200,000 just disappeared, remaining untraceable, having presumably been
butchered , or died from epidemics and exposure. The rest fled destitute to Pakistan”.

• In October thousands of armed Muslim tribesmen from Poonch in Jammu province called for jihad and
marched to support the Kashmiri Muslims. They defeated the Maharaja’s troops, but in turn of military
support, Maharaja pledged the allegiance to India. Indian troops then entered Srinagar, the Kashmir’s
capital and took over. A war broke out which continued for a year almost before United Nation’s
Representatives were called in, in January 1948 to ensure ceasefire. Pakistan and India had been
fighting over this issue since then and matter has not been resolved yet.
 CURRENT
SITUATION
IN KASHMIR
• The Kashmir issue is a long-standing
dispute between Pakistan and India. There
have been several wars over this issue.
• Another common issue is the exchange of
fire on LOC (Line of Control)and
working boundary between Pakistan,
India and Kashmir which mainly targets
the urban population.
 Kashmir
Conflict

Reference Pages From Resource

Books
 Kashmir Conflict

Reference Pages From Resource

Books
 • Due to Kashmir conflict India and
Pakistan had gone into war situation for
many times. Both the neighboring
IMPACTS OF countries don’t have normal relationships
KASHMIR WAR and all kinds of trade and cooperative
opportunities got deadlocked at Kashmir
ON PAKISTAN issue.