jktLFkku deZpkjh p;u cksMZ] t;iqj

Hkkx – 1

jktLFkku dk lkekU; Kku

 INFORMATIC ASSISTANT
jktLFkku dk LkkekU; Kku

1. jktLFkku dh mRifÙk] fLFkfr] foLrkj ,oa {ks=Qy 1

2. jktLFkku dk HkkSfrd izns’k ,oa foHkkx 7

3. jktLFkku dk viokg ra= 19

4. jktLFkku dh >hysa 27

5. jktLFkku dh tyok;q 31

6. jktLFkku esa e`nk lalk/ku 39

7. jktLFkku esa ou&lalk/ku ,oa ouLifr 43

8. jktLFkku esa [kfut 48

9. jktLFkku esa ÅtkZ L=ksr 57

10. jktLFkku esa i'kq/ku 66

11. jktLFkku esa d`f"k ,oa flapkbZ ifj;kstuk,¡ 75

12. jktLFkku dh tula[;k 99

13. jktLFkku esa oU;tho ,oa budk laj{k.k 108

14. jktLFkku esa m|ksx 118

15. jktLFkku esa ifjogu 127

16. jktLFkku dh çkphu lH;rk,¡ % dkyhcaxk] vkgM+] x.ks’oj] 138

ckykFky vkSj cSjkB
17. jktLFkku dh egRoiw.kZ ,sfrgkfld ?kVuk,¡] çeq[k jktoa’k] 141
mudh ç’kklfud o jktLo O;oLFkk
18. 1857 dh Økafr esa jktLFkku dk ;ksxnku] jktLFkku esa 161
tutkfr ,oa fdlku vkanksyu
19. jktLFkku es fdlku vkanksyu 164
20. iztke.My ,oa jktLFkku dk ,dhdj.k 169
21. jktLFkku dh dyk ,oa laLd`fr
 jktLFkku ds R;kSgkj 176
 jktLFkku ds yksd nsork 183
 jktLFkku dh yksd nsfo;k¡ 188
 jktLFkku ds /kkfeZd vkUnksyu ,oa izeq[k lar 191
 jktLFkku ds yksdxhr 197
 jktLFkku dh yksdxk;u dh 'kSfy;k¡ 198
 jktLFkku ds laxhr 199
 jktLFkku ds yksd u`R; 200
 jktLFkku ds yksdukV~; 204
 jktLFkku dh tutkfr;k¡ 207
 jktLFkku dh fp=dyk,¡ ,oa gLrf'kYi 211
 gLrdyk vkSj yksddyk 218
 jktLFkku dk lkfgR; 227
 jktLFkku dh izeq[k cksfy;k¡ 234
22. jktLFkku dh LFkkiR; dyk
 fdys ,oa Lekjd 236
 jktLFkku ds ftys ,oa /kkfeZd LFky 248
 jktLFkku ds izeq[k O;fDrRo 251
 jktLFkku ds vkHkw"k.k ,oa os’kHkw"kk 255
 B- foLrkj
jktLFkku dh mRifÙk
 v{kka’k & 2303’ ls 30012’ mÙkjh v{kka’k
 ns’kkarj & 69030’ ls 78017’ iwohZ ns’kkarj
vaxkjkyS.M
iSft;k dk mRrjh Hkkx ftlls mRrjh vesfjdk] ;wjksi vkSj  {ks=Qy & 3]42]239-74 oxZ fdeh-
mRrjh ,f’k;k dk fuekZ.k gqvk gS A ¼1]32]140 oxZ ehy½

xksaMokukyS.M
iSfta;k dk nfss{k.kh Hkkx ftlls nf{k.kh vesfjdk] vQzhdk]
nf{k.kh ,f’k;k] vkWLVªsfy;k rFkk vaVkdZfVdk dk fuekZ.k
gqvk gS A

VsfFkl lkxj
;g ,d HkwlUufr gS tks vaxkjkyS.M o xksaMokukyS.M ds
e/; fLFkr gS A

Note& jktLFkku dk fuekZ.k

GT

G – xkasMokuk yS.M T & VsfFkl lkxj

vjkoyh e:LFky
gkMkSrh eSnku

HkkSxksfyd izns’k
vjkoyh o gkM+kSrh Hkkjr ds izk;}hi iBkj dk fgLlk gS
tcfd e:LFky o eSnkuh Hkkx Hkkjr ds mRrjh fo’kky
eSnku dk fgLlk gS A

A- jktLFkku % fLFkfr] foLrkj ,oa vkdkj

Hkkjr fo’o
mÙkj if’pe mÙkj iwoZ
C- vkdkj
Rhombus – T. H. gSMys us dgk
fo”ke prq”dks.kh; ¼jksgEcl½
iraxkdkj
,f’k;k

nf{k.k if’pe

 Xyksch; fLFkfr esa jktLFkku mÙkj iwohZ xksyk)Z esa

fLFkr gS A

1
 jktLFkku ds {ks=Qy lacaf/kr egRoiw.kZ
rF;
1- jktLFkku dk {ks=Qy 342239-74 oxZ fdeh gS A
2- ;g Hkkjr ds {ks=Qy dk 10-41 izfr’kr gS A
3- fo’o {ks=Qy dk jktLFkku 0-25 izfr’kr /kkj.k
djrk gS A
4- jktLFkku Hkkjr dk lcls cMk jkT; gS A
5- jktLFkku dk lcls cMk ftyk tSlyesj gS A 38401
oxZ fdeh bldk {ks=Qy gS A
vUrjkZT;h; lhek ,oa mu ij fLFkfr ftys
6- tSlyesj lEiw.kZ jktLFkku dk 11-22 izfr’kr lhek& 4850 fdeh-
{ks=Qy /kkj.k djrk gS A iMkslh jkT; mudh lhek ij jktLFkku
7- /kkSyiqj jktLFkku dk lcls NksVk ftyk gS ftldk ds ftys
{ks=Qy 3034 oxZ fdeh gS A Iaktkc ¼89 fdeh-½ guqekux<] xaxkuxj
8- /kkSyiqj lEiw.kZ jkT; dk -89 izfr’kr {ks=Qy /kkj.k gfj;k.kk ¼1262 fdeh-½ Tk;iqj] Hkjriqj]
djrk gS A guqekux<] lhdj] pq:]
9- tSlyesj /kkSyiqj ls 12-67 xq.kk cMk gS A >qa>quq] vyoj
10- ddZ js[kk jkT; ds Maqxjiqj dh lhek dks Nwrs gq, mRrjizns’k ¼877 fdeh-½ Hkjriqj] /kkSyiqj
rFkk ckalokMk ds e/; ls gksdj xqtjrh gS A e/;izns’k ¼1600 fdeh-½ /kkSyiqj] djkSyh] lokbZ
11- ddZ js[kk dh yEckbZ jkT; esa 26 fdeh gS A ek/kksiqj] HkhyokMk] dksVk]
12- ddZ js[kk ij lcls yEck fnu 13 ?kaVs 27 feuV ckalokMk] ckajk] >kyokM]
dk gksrk gS tks 21 twu dks gksrk gS A ;g ddZ izrkix<] fpRrksMx<
ldzkafr dgykrk gS A Xkqtjkr ¼1022 fdeh-½ ckMesj] tkykSj] fljksgh]
13- jkT; esa iwoZ ls if’pe le; varjky 35 feuV 8 mn;iqj] Mqaxjiqj] ckalokMk
lSds.M dk gS A
14- jkT; dk e/; xkao xxjkuk ukxkSj gS A  Hkkjr ds ekufp= esa fujis{k fLFkfr mÙkj&if’pe esa
gS A
izeq[k ns’k jktLFkku dk {ks=Qy ¼cMk½  Hkkjr es fdlh Hkh LFkku dh fujis{k fLFkfr &
teZuh & cjkcj ukxiqj ¼egkjk”Vª½ ls Kkr dh tkrh gS A
tkiku & cjkcj
 jktLFkku esa fdlh Hkh LFkku dh fujis{k fLFkfr
fczVsu & nksxquk
esM+rk ¼ukxkSj½ ls Kkr dh tkrh gS A
Jhyadk & 5 xquk
btjkby & 17 xquk
lw;Z dh fdj.kksa dh fujis{k fLFkfr
jktLFkku ds {ks=Qy ds vuqlkj lcls cMs ,oa lcls  lw;Z dh lokZf/kd lh/kh fdj.kksa okyk ftyk &
NksVs ftys ck¡lokM+k (21 twu)
 lokZf/kd frjNh fdj.kksa okyk ftyk & Jh xaxkuxj
cM+s o NksVs ftys (22 fnlEcj)
tSlyesj (38401 km2) /kkSyiqj (3034 km2)  jkr o fnu dh vof/k cjkcj & 21 ekpZ] 23
chdkusj (30247 km2) nkSlk (3432 km2) flrEcj
ckM+esj (28387 km2) Mw¡xjiqj (3770 km2)  loZizFke lw;ksZn; o lw;kZLr & flykuk ¼/kkSyiqj½
tks/kiqj (22850 km2) jktleUn (3860 km2)  lcls vUr esa lw;kZsn; o lw;kZLr & dVjk xk¡o
ukxkSj (17716 km2) izrkix<+ (4449 km2) ¼le] tSlyesj½

2
uksV &
¼1½ jktLFkku ds os ftys tks nks jkT;ksa ds lkFk lhek
cukrs gS%&
 guqekux<+ & iatkc + gfj;k.kk
 Hkjriqj & gfj;k.kk + U.P.
 /kkSyiqj & U.P. + M.P.
 ckWalokM+k & M.P. xqtjkr

¼2½ dksVk o fpRrkSM+x<+%& jktLFkku ds os ftys gS tks

,d jkT; ¼M.P.½ ls nks ckj lhek cukrs gS A

¼3½ dksVk %& jktLFkku dk og ftyk gS tks jkT; ds

lkFk nks ckj lhek cukrk gS og vfo[kf.Mr gS A

¼4½ fpRrkSM+x<+%& jktLFkku dk og ftyk gS tks jkT;

ds lkFk nks ckj lhek cukrk gS o fo[kf.Mr gS A

¼5½ HkhyokM+k%& fpRrkSM+x<+ dks 2 Hkkxks esa fo[kf.Mr

djrk gS A

3
 vUrjkZT;h; lhek ij lhekorhZ fookn
ekux< fgYl fookn
fLFkfr = ckWalokMk
lokZf/kd lhek lcls de fookn = jktLFkku&xqtjkr ds e/;
>kykokM+ ¼560 fdeh-½ ckM+esj ¼14 fdeh-½
1- ikfdLrku dk cgkoyiqj dk lokZf/kd lhek xaxkuxj
(M.P.) ¼xqtjkr½
ds lkFk cukrk gS A
2- U;wured lhek ckMesj ds lkFk cukrk gS A
3- ikfdLrku ds 9 ftys Hkkjr ds lkFk lhek cukrs
gSa A
4- ikfdLrku ds 6 ftys tSlyesj ds lkFk lhek cukrs
gS A
5- Hkkjr ds 4 ftys ikfdLRkku ds lkFk lhek cukrs
gS A
6- tSlyesj lokZf/kd lhek ikfdLrku ds lkFk cukrk
gS A
7- chdkusj lcls de lhek ikfdLRkku ds lkFk cukrk
gS A
8- uke& lj fljhy jsM jsMfDyQ js[kk
9- fu/kkZj.k frfFk & 17 vxLr 1947
10- 'kq:vkr & fgUnweydksV
11- var & 'kkgx<+ ¼ckM+esj½
 25 ftys % jktLFkku ds lhekorhZ ftys
12- jktLFkku dh dqy lhek dk 18% ¼1070 fdeh-½
 23 ftys % vUrjkZT;h; lhekorhZ
 4 ftys % vUrjkZ"Vªh; lhekorhZ gSA
 2 ftys % vUrjkZT;h; o vUrjkZ"Vªh; lhekorhZ 13- ikfdLrku izkUr jkT; = 2 ¼iatkc o flU/k½
¼Jhxaxkuxj + ckM+esj½ 14- Jhxaxkuxj vUrjkZ"Vªh; lhek ij lcls fudVre
8 ftys % jktLFkku ds os ftys tks vUr% LFkyh; ftyk eq[;ky; gS A
¼Land locked½ lhek cukrs gS A 15- Ckhdkusj vUrjkZ"Vªh; lhek js[kk ij lokZf/kd nwj
ftyk eq[;ky; gS A
ikyh lokZf/kd 8 ftyksa ds lkFk lhek cukrk gS A tks 16- /kkSyiqj vUrjkZ"Vªh; lhek js[kk ls lokZf/kd nwj
fuEu gS &
ftyk eq[;ky; gS A
ckMesj] tks/kiqj] tkykSj] fljksgh] mn;iqj] jktlean]
vtesj] ukxkSj A 17- chdkusj lcls de lhek ikfdLRkku ds lkFk cukrk
gS A
vtesj %& fpRrkSM+x<+ ds ckn jktLFkku dk nwljk 18- 'kq:vkr & fgUnweydksV
fo[kf.Mr ftyk 19- var & 'kkgx<+¼ckM+esj½
jktleUn %& jktleUn vtesj dk nks Hkkxksa esa
fo[kf.Mr djrk gS A
bldk ftyk eq[;ky; blds uke ls ugha gS A Start fgUnqeydksV ¼Jhxaxkuxj½ 210 fdeh-
jktuxj jktleUn dk ftyk eq[;ky; gS A
ukxkSj %& ukxkSj lokZf/kd laHkkx eq[;ky;ksa ds lkFk
lhek cukrk gS A chdkusj 168 fdeh- (Minium)
¼t;iqj] vtesj] tks/kiqj] chdkusj½
tSlyesj 464 fdeh- (Maxium)

End ‘kkgx< ¼ckMesj½ 228 fdeh-

4
 uohure ftys
26 vtesj ¼1 uoEcj] 1956½
27 /kkSyiqj ¼15 vizSy] 1982½
28 ckjka ¼10 vizSy 1991½
29 nkSlk ¼10 vizSy 1991½
30 jktlean ¼10 vizSy 1991½
31 guqekux< ¼12 tqykbZ 1994½
32 djkSyh ¼19 tqykbZ 1997½
33 izrkix< ¼26 tuojh 2008½

jktLFkku ds izknsf’kd ds ifjorZu dk

Lo:Ik ,oa orZeku uke
izkphu uke Cknyk orZeku uke
Lo:Ik
;ks)s; Tkksg;kokVh Xakxkuxj
Tkkaxy HkVusj Ckhdkusj
vfgPN=iqj vfgiqj ukxkSj
XkqtZj xqjtkUuk e.Mksj&tks/kiqj
‘kkdaHkjh lkaHkj vt;es: vtesj
Jheky Lo.kZfxfj Xksyksj Hkhueky ckMesj
oYy nqaxy tSlyesj
vcZqn pUnzkorh fljksgh
fojkV jkex< Tk;iqj
f’kfo fpRrkSM mn;iqj
dkaBy nsofy;k Ikzrkix<
Ikkyu n’kiqj >kykokM
O;k?zkokV oakxM ckalokMk
Tkkckyhiqj Lo.kZfxfj tkykSj
dq: Hkjriqj] djkSyh
‘kkSjlsu /kkSyiqj
g;g; dksVk] cawnh
Paknzkorh vkcw] fljksgh
NIiu eSnku Izkrkix<]
ckalokMk ds
NIiu xkze lewg
Eksoy Mawxjiqj] ckalokMk
ds chp dk Hkkx
<wa<kM Tk;iqj
Fkyh Pqk:] ljnkj
‘kgj
gkMkSrh dksVk] cwanh]
>kykokM
‘kS[kkoVh Pk:] lhdj]
>aq>uw

5
6
 fu"d"kZ ,oa lelkef;d i{k % mi;qZDr ds lexz
jktLFkku ds HkkSfrd izns’k ,oa foospu] fo’ys"k.k ,oa ifj’khyu ds mijkUr lkj :i esa
;g fu:ifr fd;k tk ldrk gS fd orZeku esa tyok;q
foHkkx ifjorZu] vk/kqfudhdj.k] 'kgjhdj.k] vkS|ksfxdj.k
(Physical Regions & Divisions fuoZuhdj.k] ekunh; gLr{ksi bR;kfn ds dkj.k HkkSfrd
izns’k dh lajpuk ,oa i;kZoj.k esa udkjkRed ifjorZu gks
of Raj) jgs gS ftls jksdus ds fy, /kkj.kh; fodkl ,oa HkkSfrd
Hkwfedk% HkkSxksfyd izns’kksa ds v/;;u esa lHkh HkkSfrd] izns’kks ds laj{k.k dh furkUr vko’;drk gS A
lkaLd`frd ,oa ikfjfLFkfrdh; i{kksa dks laekfgr fd;k
tkrk gS A fdlh HkkSxksfyd izns’k dk vk/kkj LrEHk gS& jktLFkku ds HkkSfrd izns’kks dks mPpkop ,oa /kjkry ds
^HkkSfrd izns’k* v/kkj ij eksVs rkSj ij pkj Hkkxksa esa ,oa fofHkUu mi
foHkkxksa es foHkDr fd;k tk ldrk gS A
HkkSfrd izns’k og fof’k"V {ks= gksrk gS ftlesa mPpkop]
tyok;q] e`nk] ouLifr bR;kfn esa vkSlr vkUrfjd
le:irk ik;h tkrh gS A

7

1- if’pe e:LFkyh; izns’k
‘kq”d jsrhyk izns’k ¼e:LFky½
yw.kh&tokbZ eSnku ¼yw.kh csflu½
‘ks[kkoVh izns’k ¼ckaxj izn’s k½
?kX?kj dk eSnku
mÙkjh vjkoyh
;gk¡ vk?k egkdYi] iqjkthoh egkdYi] izk?kthoh
egkdYi ,oa uothoh egkdYi ds lk{; ekStwn gS A
Ckki cksYMj cSM ¼cki xkao tks/kiqj½ & iqjkthoh
egkdYi ds ijfe;u dkcksZuhQSjl ;qx ds vo’ks”k feys
gS ftUgsa fgeokfgr ekuk tkrk gS A dqN xksyk’e [kaMks
ij Li”V ydhjksa dsa fpUg lqjf{kr gS tks laHkor%
fgeokfgr gksus ds dkj.k ?k”Zku mRiUu gq, gS A

2- e/;orhZ vjkoyh izns’k & mifoHkktu e/; vjkoyh Hkknqjk ckyqdk’e ¼tks/kiqj½ & ;gka thok’e ;qDr
ckyqdk’e feys gS tks cki vkSj Hkknqjk vkl ikl feys
nf{k.kh vjkoyh gS A bu ckyqdk’e dk fuekZ.k lkeqfnzd voLFkk es gqvk
gS A
cukl csflu

3- iwohZ eSnku izns’k & mifoHkktu pEcy csflu (I) mRrjh&if’peh e:LFkyh;&izns’k
(i) fuekZ.kdky&V’kZ;jhdky ¼DokVZujh dky esa
e/; ekgh csflu
¼NIiu dk eSnku½ IyhLVkslhu½ bls Hkkjr dk fo’kky e:LFky vFkok
Fkkj ds e:LFky ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gS A
v)Zpanzkdj ioZr Jsf.k;ka bls e: izns’k dk foLrkj yxHkx 175000 oxZ
fdeh- gS A tks lEiw.kZ jktLFkku dk 61-11%
unh Hkzfer eSnku
izfr’kr gS A bl e:LFky dk jktLFkku d`f”k
4- nf{k.kh&iwohZ izns’k ¼gkMkSrh izns’k½ ‘kkgckn dk mPp LFky vk;ksx ds vuqlkj fljksgh ds vfrfjDr 12 ftyksa ess
mifoHkktu gS A ysfdu okLrfodrk esa fljksgh lfgr 13 ftyksa
>kykokM dk iBkj esa gS A
Mx&xax/kkj dk mPp {ks=
Jh xaxkuxj] guqekux<] pq:] chdkusj] >q>uq]
lhdj] tks/kiqj] tkYkkSj] ckMesj] tSlyesj] ikyh]
HkkSfrd izns’kkas dh lkekU; tkudkjh ukxkSj A
{ks= {s=Qy Tkula[;k ftys feV~Vh Tkyok;q
jktLFkku esa dqy
Ek:LFky 61-11 40 12 cyqbZ ‘kq”d o
(ii) foLrkj%& e:LFkyh; CykWd&85
izfr’kr izfr’kr v)Z’kq”d (a) yEckbZ & 640fdeh-
vjkoyh 9 10 13 ioZrh; miknzZ (b) pkSM+kbZ & 300fdeh-
izfr’kr izfr’kr ;k (c) vkSlr ÅWpkbZ & 200&300 ehVj
¼vkSlr 250 eh-½
ouh;
iwohZ eSnku 23 39 10 Tkyks< vknzZ ¼iii½ rkidze & xhz”edky & 49°C
izfr’kr izfr’kr ‘khrdky & -3°C
vkSlr & 22°C
gkMkSrh] 6-89 11 7 dkyh vknzZ ;k (iv) o”kkZ & 20 ls 50 lsafVehVj rd gksrh gS A
nf{k.k izfr’kr izfr’kr ;k jsxwj vfr vknZz (v) oufLifr & thjksQkbV ;k ‘kq”d oufLifr ikbZ
iwohZ tkrh gS A
(vii) feV~Vh & jsrhyh cyqbZ feV~Vh

jktLFkku esa HkwxHkhZd lajpuk Hkkjr ds vU; izns’kksa dh

rqyuk esa fof’k”V gS A ;gka izkphure izh & dSEczh;u ;qx
ds vo’ks”k vjkoyh ds :Ik esa ekStwn gS A

8
(iii) e:LFky dk <+ky %& 'kq"d e:LFky dks iqu% nks Hkkxks esa ckWaVk tkrk gS%&

ckywdk Lrwi eqDr ckywdk Lrwi ;qDr

(41.5%) (58.5%)
dkj.k %& iFkjhyk e:LFky ftls iou  feV~Vh
^^geknk** dgk tkrk gS A fu{kssi.kckywdk
foLrkj & tSlyesj (max.) Lrwi
(iv) e:LFky dk v/;;u %& ckM+esj
e:LFky dks v/;;u dh n`f"V ls 2 Hkkxksa esa ck¡Vk tkrk gS A tks/kiqj

uksV%&ckywdk Lrwi
(a) 'kq"d e:LFky (b) v)Z’kq"d e:LFky tc iou ds }kjk feV~Vh dk fu{ksi.k fd;k tkrk gS rks
(0-25cm) ;k cuus okyh LFkykd`fr dks ckywdk Lrwi dgk tkrk gS tks
okaxM+ izns’k
lokZf/kd tSlyesj ftys esa gS A
(25-50cm)
ckywdk Lrwi dks Vhys@Vhcs Hkh dgrs gS A tSlyesj esa
uksV%&^^25 cm. leo"kkZ js[kk^^ e:LFky dks 'kq"d o
bUgsa /kfj;u uke ls tkuk tkrk gS A
v)Z’kq"d nks Hkkxksa esa ckWVrh gSA

(a) 'kq"d e:LFky

25 cm. ls de o"kkZ okys HkkSfrd izns’k dks 'kq"d
e:LFky dgk tkrk gS A

if’pe e#LFky dk lcls cMk ftyk & tSlyesj

if’pe e#LFky dk lcls NksVk ftyk & >qU>quw¡

ckywdk Lrwi ds izdkj%&

izdkj lokZf/kd

iou
(i) v)ZpUnzkdkj cj[kkuk ‘ks[kkoVh ¼pw:½

iou

(ii)  ledks.k vuqizLFk ckM+esj] tks/kiqj


iou

(iii)  lekUrj vuqnS/;Z@jS[kh; tSlyesj


1. tSlyesj
(iv) rkjkuqek 2. lwjrx<
¼Jhxaxkuxj½

9
(V) isjkcksfyd

 cj[kku ds foijhr ;k gs;jfiu tSlh vkd`fr dk

ckywdkLrwi ^^isjkcksfyd** dgykrs gSa A ;g lokZf/kd tSlyesj esa ik, tkrs gS A

uksV%& ;g ckywdkLrqi jktLFkku esa lokZf/kd ik, uksV%& 1 cj[kku & vuqizLFk
tkrs gSa A 2 lhQ & vuqnS/;Z@js[kh;
3 lokZf/kd ckywdk Lrwi & tSlyesj
(vi) lhQ (Seif) lHkh izdkj ds ckywdkLrwi & tks/kiqj

(b) v)Z’kq"d e:LFky ;k okaxM izns’k

25&50 lseh o"kkZ ;k 'kq"d e:LFky o vjkoyh ds e/;
cj[kku ds fuekZ.k ds nkSjku tc iou dh fn’kk esa dk HkkSfrd izns’k v)Z’kq"d e:LFky dgykrk gS A
ifjorZu gksrk gS rks cj[kku dh ,d Hkqtk ,d fn’kk esa bls v/;;u dh n`f"V ls iqu% 4 Hkkxks esa ckWaVk tkrk
vkxs dh vksj c<+ tkrh gS ftls lhQ dgk tkrk gS A gS%&
1- ywuh csflu
(vii) ‘kcz dkQhlt (Scrub Coppies) 2- ukxkSj mPp Hkwfe
e:LFky esa >kfM;ksa ds ikl ik, tkus okys NksVs 3- 'ks[kkokVh vUr% izokg
ckywdk Lrwi 4- ?kX?kj csflu

1- v)Z’kq”d e#LFky  ijcrlj dqpkeu ukoak ds vfrfjDr dgha Hkh

(i) yw.kh csflu @xksMokj izns’k igkfM+;k¡ ugha gS A
vtesj  ukxkSj  ikyh  tks/kiqj   gfj;y i{kh ukxkSjh mPp Hkwfe esa gh ik;k
tkrk gS A
ckMesj  tkykSj
 vtesj o ukxkSj ds e/; dk Hkkx &
 yw.kh csflu dk iwohZ {ks= & dkyk Hksjk {ks=
dwcM@ckadk iV~Vh
(ii) ukxkSjh mPp Hkwfe & ;gk¡ VsfFkl lkxj ds
(iii) ‘ks[kkoVh vUr% izokg & lhdj] pw:] >qU>qquw¡]
vo’ks”k ugha gS D;ksafd ;gk¡ dh pV~Vkuksa esa
t;iqj
ekbdksflLV ds vo’ks”k gS A
 ‘ks[kkoVh esa ikuh ds dPps dq,¡ & tksgM

10
  tksgM ds xgjs Hkkx dks iksaFkh dgrs gS A
 t;iqj esa dqvksa dks csj@csjk dgrs gS A
(iv) ?kX?kj dk eSnku & xaxkuxj o guqekux<+ dk
{ks= gS A ?kX?kj unh ds {ks= dks
ukyh@ikg@cXxh dgrs gS A
if’peh e:LFkyh; izns’k ls lacaf/kr
fo’ks"k rF;
if’peh jktLFkku esa ijEijkxr :i ls ty laj{k.k dh
vusd i)fr;kWa ik;h tkrh gS tks gSa%&
i)fr;k¡
1- Iyk;k@[kM+hu@<+k<+ >hy %&
2- vkxksj %& ?kj ds vkWaxu esa fufeZr ty laxzg.k ds
fy, cuk Vkdk ;k >kyjk vkxksj dgykrk gS A
3- ukMh %& izkd`frd xM~<s esa ty dk laxzg.k ukMh
dgykrk gS ftlds ty dk mi;ksx i’kqikyu ,oa
nSfud dk;kZs ds fy, fd;k tkrk gS A
ukMh fo’ks”k :i ls tks/kiqj esa gS A
4- ckoM+h %& lkekU;r% lh<huqek pksdksj rkykc ckoM+h
dgykrk gS A
ckoMh ‘kad tkfr }kjk izkjaHk dh xbZ ckofM;ksa dk
‘kgj & cwanh
5- csjk ;k csjh %& [kMhu ;k Vksck ;k ukMh ls
fjlus okys ty ds lnqi;ksx ds fy, blds pkjksa
vksj NksVs&NksVs dq,Wa cuk fn;s tkrs gS ftUgs tSlyesj
ds vklikl ds {ks=ksa esa csjk ;k csjh dgk tkrk gS A
6- Vksck %& d`f=e :i ls fufeZr xM~<+s esa ty
laxzg.k Vksck dgykrk gS A
11
7- tksgM ;k [kwW %& 'ks[kkokVh {ks= esa ik;s tkus okys
dq,a tksgM+ ;k [kwWa dgykrs gS tks <ksck ;k ukMh esa
fjlus okys ty dk lnqi;ksx djus ds fy, fufeZr
fd;s tkrs gS A
if’peh jktLFkku esa gfj;kyh ds izdkj ;k
{ks=
if’peh jktLFkku lkekU;r 'kq"d ,oa e:LFkyh; {ks=
gS fQj Hkh dgha&dgha ty dh miyC/krk ds dkj.k ;gkWa
gfj;kyh feyrh gS A bl rjg if’peh jktLFkku esa
gfj;kyh ds fHkUu&fHkUu :i fuEukafdr gS&
1- e:n~fHkn~ ¼XEROPHYTE½
vjkoyh ds if’pe esa ik;h tkus okyh daVhyh
>kfM;kWa ,oa ouLifr e:n~fHkn dgykrh gSa A budh
tM+s vf/kd xgjh rFkk ifRr;kWa dkWaVks ds :i esa gksrh
gS A tSls ccwy] dSj] csj] ukxQuh] vkd] Qksx]
[kstMh] [khai] jksfgMk] >jcsjh bR;kfn A
2- pkWa/ku uydwi
tSlyesj dk og {ks= tgkWa ehBk Hkwfexr ikuh feyrk
gSA pkWa/ku uydwi dgykrk gSA bls ^Fkkj dk ?kM+k*
Hkh dgrs gS A bldk dkj.k ;gkWa ikSjkf.kd ljLorh
unh ds vo’ks"k gksuk crk;k tkrk gS A
3- e:|ku ;k u[kfyLrku ¼OASIS½
e:LFky esa og {ks= tgkWa ty dh miyC/krk gksus
ds dkj.k og {ks= gjk&Hkjk gks tkrk gS] tSls pkWa/ku
uydwi] Jh dksyk;r >hy A
4- rYyh@ejgks@ckylu
e:LFky esa ckywdk Lrwiksa ds e/; feyus okyh
fuEu Hkwfe rYyh@ejgks@ckylu dgykrh gS A
5- ju@VkV
e:LFky esa yo.kh;] nynyh o vuqitkÅ Hkwfe dks
ju@VkV dgk tkrk gS A ju lokZf/kr tSlyesj esa
ik, tkrs gSa A
uksV %& vU; egRoiw.kZ rF;
izeq[k ju LFkku ekoB@egkoB
rkyNkij pw: Hkwe/;lkxjh; pØokrksa ;k if’peh fo{kksHk ls 'khrdky
ifjgkjh pw: esa gksus okyh o"kkZ ekoB dgykrh gS A
QykSnh tks/kiqj
cki tks/kiqj ;g jch dh Qly fo’ks"kdj xsgwWa ds fy, ve`r rqY;
Fkksc ckM+esj gksrh gS A bl dkj.k bls ^^xksYMu MªkWIl (Golden
Hkkdjh tSlyesj Drops) Hkh dgk tkrk gS A
iksdj.k tSlyesj
(ijek.kq ijh{k.k 1974
lexkao
tSlyesj ftys esa vofLFkr iw.kZr% ouLifrjfgr {ks= gS
(18 ebZ)
tgkWa fQYeksa dh 'kwfVax gksrh gS rFkk ;g ,d izfl)
1998 (11,13 ebZ)
i;ZVu LFky Hkh gSA ;gka 10 lseh- ckfj'k gksrh gS A

6- Iyk;k@[kkjh >hysa@lsfyuk ;k lsykbuk vkadyxkWao

Ckkywdk Lrwiksa ds e/; fuEu Hkwfe esa ty ,df=r
gksus ls fufeZr [kkjh >hysa Iyk;k dgykrh gS A
7- ykBh lhjht
tSlyesj ds mRrj iwoZ esa 60 fdeh yEch HkwxHkhZ;
ty iV~Vh ykBh lhjht dgykrh gSA ;g {ks= ^lso.k
;k yhyks.k* ?kkl ds fy, izfl) gSA djMh] /kke.k
8- e:LFkyhdj.k@e:LFky dk ekpZ
 e:LFky dk vkxs c<+uk@foLrkj
 fn'kk%& SW - NE
 foLrkj lokZf/kd %&gfj;k.kk
 lokZf/kd ;ksxnku%& cj[kku
D;ksfd budh xfr ;k LFkkukUrj.k lokZf/kd
gksrk gS A
jktLFkku dk ,dek= ^^owM QkWflYl ikdZ**¼ydMh ds
thok’e dk½ gSaA ;gkWa 8 djksM o"kZ iqjkus twjkfld dky
ds ydM+h ds vo’ks"k feys gS A ;g jk"Vªh; e:m|ku dk
gh Hkkx gSa A
e:LFkyhdj.k
e:LFky dk fujUrj izlkj ftlds dkj.k Hkwfe dk
/khjs&/khjs catj gksrs tkuk gh e:LFkyhdj.k dgykrk
gS A bls ^ekpZ ikLV vkWQ MstVZ* Hkh dgrs gS A
y?kq e:LFky@Fkyh
Fkkj ds e:LFky dk iwohZ Hkkx tks dPN ds ju ls
chdkusj rd foLr`r gS] y?kq e:LFky dgykrk gS A ;g
vis{kkd`r uhpk gS A bls chdkusj ds vkl&ikl ds {ks=
esa bls Fkyh rFkk ;gkWa ds fuokfl;ksa dks Fkfy;k Hkh
dgrs gS A

uksV %& /kfj;u

 Erg ¼vxZ½  jsrhyk tSlyesj ftys esa de vkcknh okys LFkkuksa ij ik;s tkus
 jsx  nksuks ¼jsrhyk + iFkjhyk½ okys LFkkukUrfjr ckyqdk Lrwi /kfj;u dgykrs gS A
 geknk  iFkjhyk
lj@ljksoj
fu"d"kZ.k fo’ks"k :i ls 'ks[kkokVh ,oa lkekU;r% if’peh
e:LFky esa blh gfj;kyh ds dkj.k isM+&iks/ks tho tUrq jktLFkku esa rkykcksa dks lj ;k ljksoj dgk tkrk gS A
,oa ekuo&thou feyrk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd Fkkj dk tSl&vylhlj] eylhlj] dksMenslj vkfn A
e:LFky fo’o dk lokZf/kd tSo&fofo/krk okyk e:LFky
gS A iho.kk
 if’peh jktLFkku esa ik;k tkus okyk lokZf/kd
fo"kSyk liZ iho.kk gS A
 iho.kk liZ Mad ugha ekjrk cfYd jkf= ds lksrs
le; O;fDr dks ‘okl ds }kjk tgj nsdj ekj nsrk
gS A

12
 e/;orhZ vjkoyh izns’k

1. foLrkj & bldk foLrkj nf{k.k if’pe ls mRrj iwoZ dh vksj] ikyuiqj ¼xqtjkr½ ls jk;flUgk dh igkMh ikye
¼fnYyh½ rd 692 fdeh gSA jktLFkku esa bldh yEckbZ 550 fdeh gS A bldk foLrkj eq[;r% 9 ftyksa Mwaxjiqj]
ckalokM+k] fljksgh] min;iqj] jktlean] fpRrkSM+x<+] vtesj] ikyh] HkhyokM+k esa gS A
2. vjkoyh ioZrekyk dk mn~xe vjc lkjc ds feuhdkW; }ih ls gksrk gS A
3. vjc lkxj dks vjkoyh dk firk ekuk tkrk gS A
 jktLFkku esa vjkoyh [ksMczã ¼fljksgh½ ls [ksrMh ¼>qU>quw½ rd
4. {ks=Qy & ;g Hkw&Hkkx jktLFkku ds dqy {ks=Qy dk 9 izfr’kr rFkk tula[;k dk yxHkx 10 izfr’kr /kkj.k fd;s
gq, gSa A
5. bldh vkSlr ÅWapkbZ 930 eh- gS A
6. tyok;q ,oa ok;qnkc& ;gkWa miknZz tyok;q ik;h tkrh gSA vkSlr ok;qnkc ,oa vkSlr ok;qosx ,oa vkSlr rkiØe ik;k
tkrk gS A
7. o"kZ.k& ;gkWa 50&80 ls-eh- ds e/; o"kkZ gksrh gS A 50 lseh- o"kkZ js[kk bls if’peh e:LFky {ks= ls vyx djrh
gS A
8. [kfut ,ao pV~Vkusa%& ;gkWa ij rkack] yksgk] pkWanh] eSaxuht vkfn /kkfRod [kfut ,oa xzsukbV] uhy] flLV bR;kfn
izkphure pV~Vkusa feyrh gS A
9. izd`fr& xksaMokuk {ks= dk ;g Hkkx izhdsfEcz;u dky esa fufeZr ,oa vo’ks"kh oyhr ioZr ekyk ds :i esa gSa A
10. e`nk& ;gkW ij ioZrh; feV~Vh rFkk ioZrh; vijnu ls fufeZr dkyh rFkk yky fefV~V;kWa ik;h tkrh gSa A
11. ouLifr& ;gkWa ij ioZrh; ouLifr ftudh tMs+ de xgjh gksrh gS] ik;h tkrh gS rFkk ;gkWa eq[;r% eDdk dh [ksrh
gksrh gS A
12. mPpkop& bl {ks= esa igkM+&igkM+h] MWawxj&MwWaxjh] njsZ ;k uky ik;s tkrs gSa A
13. lcls izkphu ofyr ioZrekyk gS A
14. vcqy Qty us vjkoyh dks ^bZaV dh xnZu* dgkA
15. VkWM us jktiwrkuk dh lqj{kk nhokj dgk A
16. VkWM us xq#f’k[kj dks ^larksa dk f’k[kj* dgk gS A

13
 vjkoyh dh ‘kCnkoyh
 chtklu & ek.Myx<+ o HkhyokM+k ds e/;
 eSuk igkMh & Hkjriqj
 nsofxjh igkMh & nkSlk
 ,slkj.kk ioZr & ikyh
 esjokM+k & vetsj & jktleUn ds e/; dh igkfM;k¡
 eku nsljk iBkj & fpÙkkSMx<+

vjkoyh dk v/;;u
v/;;u dh n`f"V ls vjkoyh dks 3 Hkkxksa esa ck¡Vk tkrk gS &

mÙkjh vjkoyh e/; vjkoyh nf{k.kh vjkoyh

foLrkj t;iqj&>qa>qu¡w vtesj fljksgh&jktleUn
loksZPp pksVh j?kqukFkx<+ VkWM+x<++ xq:f’k[kj

uksV%& 8 _f"kds’k fljksgh 1017 eh-

1- vjkoyh dh lokZf/kd ÅWapkbZ& fljksgh 9 deyukFk mn;iqj 1001 eh-
vjkoyh dh lokZf/kd foLrkj& mn;iqj 10 lTtux<+ mn;iqj 938 eh-
2- vjkoyh dk lcls de foLrkj o U;wure ÅWpkbZ& 11 eksjeth@ vtesj 934 eh-
vtesj VkWMx<
3 vjkoyh dh loksZPp pksVh¼vojksgh Øe esa½%& 12 [kks t;iqj 920 eh-
13 lk;jk mn;iqj 900 eh-
pksVh LFkku Å¡pkbZ 14 rkjkx<+ vtesj 873 eh-
1 xq:f’k[kj fljksgh 1722 eh- 15 fcykyh vyoj 775 eh-
2 lsj fljksgh 1597 eh- 16 jkstk Hkkdj tkykSj 730 eh-
3 nsyokM+k fljksgh 1442eh-
4 tjxk mn;iqj 1431eh-
5 vpyx<+ fljksgh 1380 eh-
6 dqaHkyx<+ jktleUn 1224 eh-
7 j?kqukFkx<+ lhdj 1055 eh-

14
 vjkoyh dh uky@njsZ fo’ks"k vkd`fr dh igkfM+;k¡
ioZrksa ds e/; uhpk vkSj rax jkLrk tks nks vksj ds
LFkkuksa dks tksM+rk gS bls uky dgk tkrk gS A
izeq[k uky%&

^^fxjok** dk 'kkfCnd vFkZ& ioZrksa dh es[kyk ¼Ja`[kyk½

tks n- vjkoyh esa mn;iqj esa fLFkfr gS A
lqaMk ioZr & tkykSj
 lqU/kk ekrk efUnj
 izFke jksi&os ¼2006½
 Hkkyw lajf{kr {ks=

Hkkdj & fljksgh

uksV%& nf{k.kh vjkoyh esa fljksgh esa fLFkr NksVh o rhoz <+ky
1- vjkoyh esa lokZf/kd uky jktleUn esa fLFkr gSA okyh igkfM;ksa dks **Hkkdj^^ dgk tkrk gSa A
2- Qqyokjh uky vH;kj.; ls lkse] ekulh] okdy
ufn;kWa cgrh gS A fgj.k exjh & mn;iqj
eksrh exjh¼Qrsg lkxj½ & mn;iqj
vjkoyh o jktLFkku dh vU; izeq[k igkfM;kW eNyh exjk¼fiNksyk >hy½ & mn;iqj
f}rh; jksi&os¼2008½
Hkkdj & fljksgh tjxk & mn;iqj
igkMh dk uke Hkkdj@Hkkdjh & tkykSj jkxk igkMh & mn;iqj
igkM+h dk uke exjk@exjh & mn;iqj
igkMh dk uke Mwaxj@Mwaxjh & t;iqj
f=dwV igkMh-¼lksukj nqxZ½ & tSlyesj
f=dwV ioZr¼dSyknsoh½ & djkSyh
fpfM+;kVwad igkM+h¼esgjkux<+½ & tks/kiqj
NIiu dh igkfM+;k¡ & eksdylj ls flok.kk
¼ckM+esj½
lokZf/kd xzsukbV & xszukbV flVh &  nf{k.kh vjkoyh esa tjxk&jkxk igkfM;ksa ds e/;
tkykSj gjs&Hkjs {ks= dks mn;iqj esa **ns’kgjks^^ dgk tkrk
gS A
NIiu ioZr & mn;iqj
 vjkoyh dh fn’kk %& nf{k.k&if'pe ls mÙkj&iwoZ
uksV%&1  ihiyh uky ¼fljksgh½ %& jktLFkku dh lokZf/kd
ÅWpkbZ okyh uky gS A
 cj uky ls iw.kZr% jktLFkku esa vofLFkr lcls
yEck jktekxZ ,u- ,p- 112 xqtjrk gS A
 ioZrksa esa fLFkr ladjs ekxksZ dks njsZ dgk tkrk gS
ftUgs fgeky; {ks= esa yk] vjkoyh {ks= esa uky
rFkk iBkjh {ks= esa ?kkV ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gS A
ckM+esj&tkykSj dh igkfM+;ksa esa lokZf/kd ^^xzsukbV o  uky dks ekU;rk RSRTC nsrh gS A
jk;ksykbV pV~Vkusa** ikbZ tkrh gS A

15