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Implant Dentistry Research Guide: Basic, Translational and Clinical Research

Book · October 2012

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 DENTAL SCIENCE, MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY

IMPLANT DENTISTRY RESEARCH GUIDE

BASIC, TRANSLATIONAL
AND CLINICAL RESEARCH

AHMED BALLO
EDITOR

Nova Science Publishers, Inc.

New York
 Cont
ent
s

Preface ix
About the Authors xi
Contributing Authors xiii
Introduction xix
Part I Osseointegration Mechanism
Chapter I Osseointegration: Outlines of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms 1
Ahmed M. Ballo, Peter Thomsen and Omar Omar
Part II Techniques and Methods for Implant Surface Characterization
Chapter II Surface Topography and Measuring Techniques for Dental Implant
Applications Possibilities and Obstacles 33
Ann Wennerberg, Bengt-Göran Rosén and Tomas Albrektsson
Chapter III Surface Properties and Characterization Methods of Titanium
Dental Implants: Topography, Chemistry, and Oxide Thickness 51
Young-Taeg Sul
Part III In Vitro Models in Dental Implant Research
Chapter IV Use of Simulated Body Fluid for Predicting the In Vivo Bone
Bioactivity of a Material 87
Tadashi Kokubo and Hiroaki Takadama
Chapter V Using In Vitro Cell Culture Models to Evaluate Implant Surfaces 105
Lyndon F. Cooper, Daniela B. Mendonça,
Gustavo Mendonça and Ghadeer Thalji
Chapter VI Implant Prosthodontics: In Vitro Testing Methods 133
Erika O. Almeida, Amilcar Freitas Júnior,Juliana A. Delben,
Guilherme B. Valverde, Nelson R.F.A. Silva, Eduardo P. Rocha
and Paulo G. Coelho
vi Contents

Part IV Animal Models in Dental Implant Research

Chapter VII Animal Models for Experimental Surgical Research in Implant
Dentistry 167
Michel M. Dard
Chapter VIII Evaluation of Implant Osseointegration in Small Laboratory
Animals 191
Ahmed M. Ballo and James L. Borke
Chapter IX Animal Models for Alveolar Bone Augmentation 217
Tiago Fiorini, Cristiano Susin, Jaebum Lee
and Ulf ME Wikesjö
Chapter X Animal Models for Sinus Augmentation 235
Jaebum Lee, Tiago Fiorini, Ulf M. E. Wikesjö
and Cristiano Susin
Chapter XI Ethics and Regulation in the Use of Laboratory Animals 249
Michelle Hudson and Michael Balls
Part V Methods for Bone-Implant Interface Analysis
Chapter XII Histological Methods for Analyzing a Bone-Implant Interface 293
Gang Wu and Yuelian Liu
Chapter XIII Micro-CT Application in Oral Implant Research 325
Niko Moritz, Ahmed M. Ballo and Timo O. Närhi
Chapter XIV Applications of Electron and Ion Beam Microscopy
in Dental Implant Research 343
Lucille A. Giannuzzi
Chapter XV Molecular Biology Techniques 353
Stephen Hamlet and Saso Ivanovski
Chapter XVI Bioengineering applied to Oral Implantology.
Biomechanical Studies 369
H. W. Anselm Wiskott
Part VI Clinical Research
Chapter XVII Introduction to Clinical Research in Implant Dentistry 429
Bilal Al-Nawas, Joanne N. Walton, Wilfried Wagner
and Ahmed M. Ballo
Chapter XVIII Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria in Clinical Research 449
Ferruccio Torsello, Ahmed M. Ballo
and Luca Cordaro
Chapter XIX Qualitative and Quantitative Methods for Evaluation of Dental
Implant Osseointegration in Humans 463
Christer Slotte and Ahmed M. Ballo
 Contents vii

Chapter XX Radiographic Techniques in Implant Research 487

Andreas Stavropoulos, Lars Schropp,
Rubens Spin-Neto and Ann Wenzel
Chapter XXI Osstell Measurements The Use of Resonance Frequency Analysis
(RFA) for Stability Assessment of Dental Implants 513
Lars Sennerby, Neil Meredith and Anders Petersson
Appendix 1. Abbreviations 539
Appendix 2. Terms and Definitions 543
Appendix 3. World Wide-Web Sites 545
Index 547
 Cont
ribut
ingAut
hor
s

Amilcar Freitas Júnior, DDS, MSc

Research Scholar, Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University,
College of Dentistry, New York, NY, United States

Anders Petersson, Mech Eng.

Chief Operations Officer, Osstell AB, Gothenburg, Sweden

Andreas Stavropoulos, DDS, PhD, dr. Odont.

Associate Professor, Department of Periodontology and Oral Gerontology, School of
Dentistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

Ann Wennerberg, DDS, PhD

Professor and Head, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö
University, Malmö, Sweden

Ann Wenzel, DDS, PhD, dr. Odont.

Professor and Head, Department of Oral Radiology, School of Dentistry, Aarhus
University, Aarhus, Denmark

Bengt-Göran Rosén, PhD

Professor and Head, Department Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden

Bilal Al-Nawas, Dr. med., Dr. med. dent.

Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Plastic Operations, University Medical Center
of the Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany

Christer Slotte, LDS, med. dr.

Senior Consultant, Professor, Department of Periodontology / endodontology, Director of
PG programme in Periodontology, The Institute for Postgraduate Dental Education,
Jönköping, Sweden
xiv Ahmed M. Ballo

Cristiano Susin, DDS, MSD, PhD

Associate Professor of Periodontics, Oral Biology and Graduate Studies, Associate
Director, Laboratory for Applied, Periodontal and Craniofacial Regeneration, Director,
Clinical Research, Georgia Health Sciences University College of Dental Medicine, Augusta,
GA, United States

Daniela B. Mendonça, DDS, PhD

Post Doctoral Fellow, Bone Biology and Implant Therapy Laboratory, Department of
Prosthodontics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States

Ferruccio Torsello, DDS, PhD

Department of Periodontics and Prosthodontics, Eastman Dental Hospital, Rome, Italy

Gang Wu, DDS, MD, PhD

Research Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry,
Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam and University of
Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Nederlands

Ghadeer Thalji, DDS, MS

PhD Candidate, Department of Prosthodontics, Bone Biology and Implant Therapy
Laboratory, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States

Gustavo Mendonça, DDS, PhD

Assistant Professor, Bone Biology and Implant Therapy Laboratory, Department of
Prosthodontics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States

Eduardo P. Rocha, DDS, PhD

Assistant Professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State
University, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, SP, Brazil

Erika O. Almeida, DDS, MSc

Research Scholar, Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University
College of Dentistry, New York, NY, United States

Guilherme B. Valverde, DDS, MSc

Research Scholar, Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University,
College of Dentistry, New York, NY, United States

Hiroaki Takadama, PhD

Associate Professor, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health
Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan

H.W. Anselm Wiskott, DMD, MS, MSD, PhD

Professor, Laboratory of biomaterials, School of dental medicine, University of Geneva,
Switzerland
 Contributing Authors xv

Jaebum Lee, DDS, MSc, PhD

Chief Clinical Scientist, Laboratory for Applied Periodontal and Craniofacial
Regeneration, Departments of Periodontics and Oral Biology, Georgia Health Sciences
University College of Dental Medicine, Augusta, Augusta, GA, United States

James L. Borke, PhD

Professor, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Pomona,
CA, United States

Joanne N. Walton, DDS, Dip. Pros., FRCD(C)

Professor of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada

Juliana A. Delben, DDS, MSc

Research Scholar, Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University
College of Dentistry, New York, NY, United States

Lars Schropp, DDS, PhD

Associate Professor, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aarhus
University, Aarhus, Denmark

Lars Sennerby DDS, PhD

Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute for Odontology,
Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

Luca Cordaro, MD, DDS, PhD

Professor, Chairman, Department of Periodontics and Prosthodontics, Eastman Dental
Hospital, Rome, Italy

Lucille A. Giannuzzi, PhD, FAVS

President, Adjunct Professor, SUNY Stony Book, L.A. Giannuzzi and Associates LLC,
Fort Myers, FL, United States

Lyndon F. Cooper, DDS, PhD

Stallings Distinguished Professor, Bone Biology and Implant Therapy Laboratory,
Department of Prosthodontics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States

Michael Balls, CBE, MA, DPhil, FSB

Chairman, Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Experiments (FRAME),
Professor emeritus of Medical Cell Biology, Medical School, University of Nottingham,
Nottingham, United Kingdom

Michel M. Dard, DDS, PhD

Assistant Professor, New York, University, College of Dentistry, New York, NY, United
States
xvi Ahmed M. Ballo

Michelle Hudson, MSc

Scientific Officer, Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Experiments
(FRAME), Nottingham, United Kingdom

Neil Meredith, BDS, Msc, FDS, RCS, PhD

Professor, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia

Nelson R.F.A. Silva, D.D.S., Ph.D.

Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, New York
University, New York, NY, United States

Niko Moritz, PhD

Adjuct professor, Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre TCBC, University of Turku,
Turku, Finland

Omar Omar, BDS, PhD

Postdoctoral Fellow, BIOMATCELL VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell
Therapy, Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg,
Gothenburg, Sweden

Paulo G. Coelho, DDS, PhD

Assistant Professor, Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, Director for Research,
Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, New York University College of
Dentistry, New York, NY, United States

Peter Thomsen, MD, PhD

Professor and Director, BIOMATCELL VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and
Cell Therapy, Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Clinical
Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

Rubens Spin-Neto, DDS

PhD student, Department of Oral Radiology and Department of Periodontology and Oral
Gerontology, School of Dentistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

Saso Ivanovski, BDSc, BDentSt, MDSc (Perio), PhD, FICD

Professor of Periodontology Johnson and Johnson Pacific Chair of Periodontology,
Discipline Lead in Periodontology and Implantology, School of Dentistry and Oral Health
Griffith University, Southport, Australia

Stephen Hamlet, BSc, MSc

Senior Research Assistant, School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University,
Southport, Australia

Tadashi Kokubo, PhD

Professor, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences,
Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
 Contributing Authors xvii

Tiago Fiorini, DDS, MSD

Research fellow at Laboratory for Applied Periodontal and Craniofacial Regeneration,
Departments of Periodontics and Oral Biology, Georgia Health Sciences University College
of Dental Medicine, Augusta, GA, United States

Timo O. Närhi, DDS, PhD

Professor and Head, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, University
of Turku, Turku, Finland

Tomas Albrektsson, MD, PhD, ODhc

Professor and Head, Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of
Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

Ulf ME Wikesjö, DDS, DMD, PhD

Diplomate, American Board of Periodontology, Professor of Periodontics, Oral Biology,
and Graduate Studies, Director, Laboratory for Applied Periodontal and Craniofacial
Regeneration Interim Associate Dean for Research and Enterprise, Georgia Health Sciences
University College of Dental Medicine, Augusta, GA, United States

Wilfried Wagner, Dr. med., Dr. med. dent.

Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Plastic Operations, University Medical Center
of the Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany

Young-Taeg Sul, DDS, PhD

Associate Professor, Department of Biomaterials, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University
of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Yuelian Liu, PhD, DDS

Assistant Professor, Research Group Leader, Department of Oral, Implantology and
Prosthetic Dentistry Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam
and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Nederlands

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