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Researched by: Judivina R. Llanera, BSBA-1A

UNDERSTANDING MY FAMILY HISTORY
Learning about your family history is important and can reveal many
surprising things that you didn’t know. You can either do a genealogy
search online or sit down with members of your family and listen to
their stories. No matter how you chose to gather the information, you’ll
end up having a deeper appreciation for who you are and where you
come from. Here are five life-changing benefits of knowing your family
history.

Researched by: Judivina R. Llanera, BSBA-1A 2

 UNDERSTANDING MY FAMILY HISTORY

It gives you a sense of identity - Nothing is more eye-opening

than learning about who you are. Discovering more about your
ancestors, celebrating family traditions, embracing your culture, and
understanding where you came from can open your eyes to how
beautiful and unique you are. It can also give your sense of self-worth
and belonging a boost.

It makes you more resilient - Let’s face it, life is hard. But back in
the day, life was even more so. More likely than not, your past family
members probably faced terrible tragedies and heartache. They may
have faced things that seem almost impossible to overcome. But they
did overcome them. Learning about their stories and how they got
through difficult times can give you the courage you need to keep
going and make you more resilient when you’re facing challenges.

It helps you connect with others - Learning about your family

history can impact the way you connect with others because it allows
you to connect with people in the past, present, and future. And forming
connections with others is crucial to a fulfilling life.
Researched by: Judivina R. Llanera, BSBA-1A 3
 UNDERSTANDING MY FAMILY HISTORY

It makes you a better human - Your ancestors’ stories can shape

you into a more grateful, happy, empathetic, and compassionate version
of yourself. For example, you may discover that your great grandfather
lived during the Great Depression and that he had to work hard to
provide for his family, which may inspire you to work hard as well.
Whatever stories are glistening in your treasury of family history, now is
the time to unearth them.

It helps you make good health choices - Have you been filling out
a patient history form before seeing your healthcare provider and your
mind went blank when it asked if cancer, high blood pressure, or
diabetes ran in your family? Well, to avoid leaving those blank spaces in
the future, learning about your ancestors can give you a lot of
information on what health concerns run in your family. More
importantly, it shows you what you are at risk for. Knowing this
information can help you make good choices regarding your health and
help you lead a healthy lifestyle.

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Researched by: Judivina R. Llanera, BSBA-1A
 THE PHILIPPINE HISTORIOGRAPHY SUMMARY

The Philippine history composed of happenings that is very essential on

molding the present day and the future. In Philippine historiography,
colonialism is the policy of nation seeking to extend retain its authority
over other people or territories generally with the aim of economic
dominance, through invasion it is the way to make their country
powerful before extend and expand their authority before. Until now, we
have been experienced the invasion although it is not even in the way of
war but in economy.

Also, in our country, the dominance of colonial discourse has challenged

the Filipino historians to write the history of the Philippines using
discourse that privilege the Filipinos. The study of history became
possible for with the development of writing. Before, writing is a form of
art and it is where historians express their knowledge. The different
insights of writers about history helped people to know more about it.
Historians continued to use traditions as one of the sources of history.

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Researched by: Judivina R. Llanera, BSBA-1A
 WHAT ARE THE ISSUES/PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES IN THE
PHILIPPINE LOCAL HISTORY?

Correcting the errors of published historical work

Since most of the primary sources were written in foreign language,
errors in translation have happened and have affected much the writing
of history. There was therefore the need to correct errors in publication.

Filling the gaps in Philippine History

There were very few anthropologists and archeologist in the Philippines
hence there are still gaps in some parts of the Philippine history.
Reinterpretation of historical facts & events
Historical Revisionism is a practice in writing history in which historians
reinterpret view of causes and effects, decisions, explanations and
evidences.

Rewriting History in the Filipino point of view

The biggest problem that was raised is the fact that writers were
foreigners therefore Philippine history was mostly written in a
foreigner’s point of view and not on the point of view of the Filipinos.

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Researched by: Judivina R. Llanera, BSBA-1A
 EXAMPLE OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH IN THE PHILIPPINES

This study focuses on the patterns of inter-regional migration patterns for

the 1970-1975 period. The historical perspective of the study takes into
consideration earlier patterns of movement in the Philippines, specifically
the 1939-1970 period, to analyze the changes in population distribution
over time.
Two methods of estimating migration were utilized: the direct estimate
based on the residence method and the indirect estimate based on the
census survival ratios. Comparison of estimates derived from the two
methods show that some differences in migration volume and patterns exist.
It appears that the more appropriate method of estimating migration in the
Philippine context is the residence method.

Historical analysis show that majority of the region during the period 1939-
1975 did not change their status as in-migration and out-migration areas.
Persistence of the general pattern of movement, that is, towards the vicinity
of the greater Metropolitan area and the frontier regions of Mindanao were
observed from 1939-1975. However, some changes were observed notably
for Cagayan Valley and western Mindanao which changed their status from
in-migration to out-migration areas. On the other hand, Central Luzon which
has been an out-migration area in the past, was an in-migration area during
the more recent period (1970-1975).
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Researched by: Judivina R. Llanera, BSBA-1A
 BENEFITS OF KNOWING FAMILY HISTORY - As it turns out, exploring
genealogy makes an excellent hobby, especially for older adults. It’s
something that’s accessible to anyone with an internet connection. It
can be enjoyed from the comfort of home. And it offers many other
social and emotional benefits:

Sense of Purpose Many older people find themselves at a bit of a loss

for what to do with their days. It’s not unusual for recent retirees to fall
into depression during the transition from long-time work routines into
a so-called life of leisure. Researching family history can provide an
intriguing focus that ignites the imagination. Any family’s story is likely
to be filled with many small mysteries and discoveries that can keep a
person engaged for a long, long time.

Deeper Personal Identity Everyone wants to belong, and learning

about ancestors is a wonderful way to ground an individual’s life within
a greater context of time and place. Tracing family roots back through
generations can help a person connect more deeply with a sense of self
by learning about their family’s past—where they came from, who they
were, what they did, the trials they overcame, the accomplishments they
achieved, the dreams they had.
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 BENEFITS OF KNOWING FAMILY HISTORY

Mental Stimulation In addition to staving off boredom and ennui,

researching genealogy encourages the development of new skills (such as
working with computers) and provides valuable opportunities to improve
cognition and self-esteem. Reminiscing and exploring the unknown past can
have deep psychological benefits for older people, giving them a chance to
reconnect with their own memories while also learning new things about
family members they never knew. Some studies have shown that reminiscing
can actually lower a person’s blood pressure and heart rate.

Family Connections Researching genealogy can make a great family

activity, involving siblings, children, and grandchildren. It can bring family
members together around a shared interest and also inspire
intergenerational storytelling and sharing. Learning about common
ancestors has a way of opening up doors of communication. Sometimes,
research will even end up reconnecting long-lost relatives in surprising ways.

Medical Knowledge In some cases, there’s an opportunity to collect family

medical information, either from living relatives or by uncovering health
information from records about ancestors. This information can be helpful in
identifying potential risk factors for surviving family members.
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Researched by: Judivina R. Llanera, BSBA-1A
 BENEFITS OF KNOWING FAMILY HISTORY

Social Benefits Finally, because researching family history is such a popular

hobby, it offers the chance to meet other people who are likewise engaged in
learning about their own families. There are plenty of online groups and
forums that can offer conversation and community. Some researchers wind up
turning their family histories into other projects as well—a talk at the local
library or senior center, a history lesson for local school children, or a
memento book for family members.

Family Matters As we get older, we realize the importance of family, not

just the people we grew up with or raised, but the broad extended family of
great aunts, third cousins twice removed, and great-great-great-great
grandparents. There is much to be said for looking back on the generations
that came before. Even though they are long gone, they may still have much
to teach us about our families, about history, and about ourselves.

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Researched by: Judivina R. Llanera, BSBA-1A
 Why is it important to know my family health
history?
A family health history is a record of health information about a person and
his or her close relatives. A complete record includes information from three
generations of relatives, including children, brothers and sisters, parents,
aunts and uncles, nieces and nephews, grandparents, and cousins.

Families have similar genetic backgrounds, and often similar environments

and lifestyles. Together, these factors can give clues to conditions that
may run in a family. By noticing patterns of disorders among relatives,
healthcare professionals can determine whether an individual, family
members, or future generations may be at an increased risk of developing a
particular condition.

A family health history can identify people with a higher-than-usual chance

of having common disorders, such as heart disease, high blood pressure,
stroke, certain cancers, and type 2 diabetes. These complex disorders are
influenced by a combination of genetic factors, environmental conditions,
and lifestyle choices. A family history also can provide information about the
risk of rarer conditions caused by variants (mutations) in a single gene, such
as cystic fibrosis and sickle cell disease.
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Researched by: Judivina R. Llanera, BSBA-1A
Importance of family history quotes is connecting
the dots in the human family tree important?
There are a variety of benefits that come from understanding their
family tree and from doing genealogical research.

Some enjoy the pleasure of the hunt for ancestors Family

history research can be like working on a giant puzzle for which you
may never find a final solution…there are always more details to be
added or people to be found. A eureka moment of discovering an
elusive third cousin twice removed or even details on a secretive
grandfather is sweet indeed! Many an archive’s search room has
witnessed the ‘I finally found it!’ wiggle dance and for many, this sense
of satisfaction and discovery is of great importance.

Researched by: Judivina R. Llanera, BSBA-1A 12

PRE-HISTORIC PHILIPPINES (Theories or racial origins, Re-
examining the migration theory, the setting)

Archeological evidence suggests that the Negritos, a broad term for

indigenous people of dark complexions, reached the Philippines around
25,000 years ago by a land bridge from the Asian mainland.

Waves of Indonesians followed by sea from 3,000 BC, and Malays got
a firm foothold around 200 BC, followed in later centuries by waves of
Chinese settlers. Most of today’s Filipinos have grown out of
intermarriages between indigenous and Malay people. Modern Filipino
culture, including language and cuisine, was heavily influenced by the
Malays, who also introduced arts, literature, and a system of
government.

A few centuries before the Spanish reached the Philippines in the 16th
century, Filipinos involved in trade had also met Arabs and Hindus
from India, while the expanding Chinese population wielded
considerable commercial power. Islam entered the Philippines
via Borneo in the late 14th century.

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Pre-colonial Philippines timeline – The first period of the
Philippine literary history is the longest. Long time before the Spaniards
and other foreigners landed on the Philippine shores, our forefathers
already had their own literature stamped in the history of our race.

Pre-colonial Philippine societies relied more on swidden agriculture than

intensive permanent agriculture. For example, in pre-colonial Visayas,
the staple crops such as rice, millet, bananas and root crops were grown
in swiddens (kaingin).[24] While rice was highly valued and was the
preferred food, the most common food all year round were actually root
crops, and in some areas the only available crop for most of the year
were root crops such as taro and yam. The historian William Henry
Scott also noted that pre-colonial Visayan farmers neither knew
the plow nor the carabao before the arrival of the Spaniards while the
anthropologist Robert B. Fox described the Mangyans of Mindoro as
sedentary agriculturalists who farm without the plow and the carabao.

Researched by: Judivina R. Llanera, BSBA-1A 14

Philippine Metal Age - The period in Philippine prehistory that
coincides with the use of bronze and iron objects and is approximately
dated from 500 BC to AD 1000 is the Metal Age. During this period,
social interaction among various groups in the Philippines and the
broader Southeast Asian region expanded as evidenced by similarities in
pottery forms and decoration and the occurrence of imported bronze,
iron, glass and stone artifacts in various Philippine archaeological sites.

Government of the Philippines before the Spaniards came -

Before the arrival of the Spanish in the 16th century, most people lived
in small independent villages called barangays, each ruled by a local
paramount ruler called a datu. The Spanish later founded many small
towns, which they called poblaciónes, and from those centers roads or
trails were built in four to six directions, like the spokes of a wheel.
Along the roadsides arose numerous new villages,
designated barrios under the Spanish, that were further subdivided into
smaller neighborhood units called sitios.

Researched by: Judivina R. Llanera, BSBA-1A 15

Justice

The constitution of 1987, which reestablished the independence of

the judiciary after the Marcos regime, provides for a Supreme Court
with a chief justice and 14 associate justices. Supreme Court justices are
appointed by the president from a list submitted by the Judicial and Bar
Council and serve until they reach the age of 70. Lower courts include
the Court of Appeals; regional, metropolitan, and municipal trial courts;
and special courts, including the Court of Tax Appeals, Shariʿa (Sharīʿah)
district and circuit courts of Islamic law, and the Sandiganbayan, a court
for trying cases of corruption. Because justices and judges enjoy
fixed tenure and moderate compensation, the judiciary has generally
been less criticized than other branches of the government. However,
the system remains challenged by lack of fiscal autonomy and an
extremely low budget that long has amounted to just a tiny fraction of
total government spending.

Researched by: Judivina R. Llanera, BSBA-1A 16

Political process
Partisan political activity was vigorous until 1972, when martial
law restrictions under Marcos all but eliminated partisan politics. Where
the principal rivals had been the Nacionalista and Liberal parties,
Marcos’s New Society Movement (Kilusan Bagong Lipunan; KBL), an
organization created from elements of the Nacionalista Party and other
supporters, emerged as predominant. Organized political opposition
was revived for legislative elections held in 1978, and, since the downfall
of Marcos, partisan politics has returned to its pre-1972 level, with a
large number of political parties emerging.

Researched by: Judivina R. Llanera, BSBA-1A 17

Life of Filipino in pre-colonial period

The land had a rich culture with a people who had established
themselves in rather unbelievable ways. Pre-colonial Philippines has
been quoted by some historians and other rather influential people as
being one of the most progressive societies to ever exist to this
moment. A brief look at the history books reveals a land where there
was a very rich culture of agriculturalists, innovators and empowerment
beyond comparison. So, what was the culture like before the Spanish
colonized this land? It is vital to note that the name Philippine is
attributed to Dominican Priest and Spanish explorer Ruy Lopez de
Villalobos who named the Philippine Islands after Phillip II in 1543. The
name was automatically adopted henceforth.

Researched by: Judivina R. Llanera, BSBA-1A 18

Life of Filipino in pre-colonial period
Their women were very powerful
A look at the pre-colonial Philippines reveals a society where there was a
lot of equality when it comes to gender. Women were just as powerful
as men in terms of family hierarchy, societal placement, leadership and
even professionalism. The women had a lot of say on how the family
unit operated from making key decisions such as the number of kids to
have and their spacing. They also solely decided the names of their kids.

They had good foreign relations especially with the Chinese

Pre-colonial Philippines generally had very good relations with
foreigners. They traded with the Arabs, Chinese and even Indians.
History reveals that the trading expertise of native Filipinos gave them a
name halfway across the world. Their trade was, however, not
outstanding with the Chinese. People could consider them trade
buddies because of the level of trust between the two.

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Life of Filipino in pre-colonial period
Their tribes were either highlanders or lowlanders.
The indigenous Filipinos include several tribes that existed way before
the coming of the modern Filipinos. These tribes have been traced
almost 50,000 years back according to archaeological evidence. It is
important to notice that there are 2 major subdivisions for the 134
indigenous Filipino tribes. They were either highlanders or lowlanders.
After colonization, the lowlanders were majorly influenced in terms of
culture erosion by the colonizers. The highlanders, however, maintained
the majority of their culture even during and after colonization. This was
majorly influenced by the inaccessibility of the highlands that
discouraged the colonizers.

Several professions already existed

The ancient Filipinos were a predominantly an agricultural society with
large tracts of land having both animal and crops. This made them self-
sufficient in terms of food. Do not, however, be fooled that they were
only agriculturalists. They had very many other professions that saw
them create a well-rounded society. These professions included mining,
seafaring, hunting, weapon making, smithing and even textiles.
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Life of Filipino in pre-colonial period
Islam was the major religion
Islam is said to be the oldest single religion to ever exist in the pre-
colonial Philippines. This is attributed to the trade relations between the
ancient Filipinos and Muslim traders from The Persian Gulf and other
surrounding areas. This happened in the 14th century and quickly
spread to the rest of Philippines with a major concentration of Muslims

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Early settlers in the Philippines
The Negritos were early settlers, but their appearance in the Philippines
has not been reliably dated. They were followed by speakers of
the Malayo-Polynesian languages, a branch of the Austronesian
language family. The first Austronesians reached the Philippines at
3000–2200 BC, settling the Batanes Islands and northern Luzon. From
there, they rapidly spread downwards to the rest of the islands of the
Philippines and Southeast Asia, as well as voyaging further east to reach
the Northern Mariana Islands by around 1500 BC. They assimilated the
earlier Australo-Melanesian Negritos, resulting in the modern Filipino
ethnic groups that all display various ratios of genetic
admixture between Austronesian and Negrito groups. Before the
expansion out of Taiwan, archaeological, linguistic and genetic evidence
had linked Austronesian speakers in Insular Southeast Asia to cultures
such as the Hemudu, its successor the Liangzhu and Dapenkeng in
Neolithic China.

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