Medicină Dentară II – seminar 5

SPECIALTIES IN DENTISTRY (II)

Oral and maxillofacial surgery. This branch of dental practice deals with the diagnosis and
surgical treatment of any disease, injury, malformation or deficiency of the jaws or associated
structures. An important aspect of oral surgery is the removal of teeth, which may be complicated
by their location, peculiar formation, or attachment to the jawbone. Teeth that are embedded in the
jawbone or soft tissue are said to be impacted. In such cases the surrounding bone or tissue may
have to be removed in order to reach the tooth.

branch (syn.) division - ramură

to branch (syn.) to divide (syn.) to ramify - a se ramifica
injury (syn.) wound - rană, plagă
to injure (syn.) to wound - a răni
deficiency - deficienţă, deficit; carenţă, pierdere
jaw - falcă, maxilar; cleşte
to embed (syn.) to imbed - a băga, a vârî, a introduce; a înţepeni
embedded (syn.) imbedded - înţepenit; inclus, încastrat; scufundat, implantat

Orthodontics. This division of dentistry deals with the correction of badly aligned and
protruding teeth. If your child has habits like thumb sucking etc. or even a cut in the mouth (cleft
palate or lip) or projecting lower jaw, this specialist will be able to guide and help you. It deals with
the detection, study, prevention and correction of the condition known as malocclusion, which
involves irregularities in tooth position and jaw relationships and which can lead to deformities of
the jaws and face. Malocclusion may be hereditary or may be an acquired defect caused by faulty
habits or early loss of teeth as a result of decay.

to protrude (syn.) to stick out - a ieși în afară

to protrude - a depăşi, a protruziona; a ieşi în afară
protruding teeth (syn.) buck teeth - dinţi protruzaţi, dinți de iepure
thumb (syn.) pollex (pl. pollices) - degetul mare
cleft palate (syn.) palatal cleft (syn.) palatum fissum (syn.) palatoschisis - despicătură de
palat, despicătură palatină, palatoschizis
lip (syn.) labium (pl. labia) - buză
labio-, cheilo- forme combinatorii referitoare la buză
lip biting - mușcarea buzei
lip sucking - sugerea buzei
cleft lip (syn.) cheiloschisis (syn.) hare lip - despicătură labială, cheiloschizis, buză de
iepure
defect (syn.) congenital abnormality (syn.) congenital anomaly - defect, malformație
faulty - defect, defectuos, imperfect; greşit, eronat; stricat

Prosthodontics. This specialty deals with the various methods of providing artificial
substitutes or dentures, for missing teeth, the replacement of which ensures the even distribution of
the forces involved in chewing and thus prevents the loss of other teeth as a result of undue stress.
The nature of the replacement depends on the health of the remaining teeth and supporting
structures. If feasible, a fixed bridge is used to replace missing teeth. This type of replacement is
accomplished by constructing crowns, which cover all or a large part of the adjacent teeth, and then
by attaching the artificial teeth to the crowns. A fixed bridge made of gold covered with porcelain
or acrylic (a plastic material) is lifelike and cannot be readily removed. If sufficient adjacent teeth
do not remain to support a fixed bridge, then a removable partial denture is constructed. Full
dentures are usually made of acrylic, reinforced occasionally with metal.

undue - nejustificat, inutil, excesiv

replacement - înlocuire, substituţie; schimbare; suplinitor
to reinforce - a întări, a consolida
reinforcement - întărire, consolidare; ajutor, sprijin

Periodontics. Gum disease is the major cause of tooth loss in the thirties. If you have gums
bleeding then this is the doctor to see. This branch of dentistry is concerned with the study and
treatment of the supporting structures and tissues surrounding the teeth. The gums, or gingivae, and
the underlying bone are subject to many disorders. Calculus encrustations on the teeth, which form
over and under the gum, act as an irritant to the underlying tissues. Food accumulating on the neck
of the tooth and irregularities such as cavities, malocclusions, or poorly constructed dental
appliances also act as irritants. In addition, imbalance of tooth-cusp relationships may force food
particles into the gums. When subjected to irritants, such soft tissues as the gingivae become
inflamed, and eventually the adjacent bone may be destroyed. Thus, the tooth ultimately becomes
loosened because of the loss of bone around its roots.

encrustration - incrustrație
neck of the tooth (syn.) collum dentis (syn.) dental neck (syn.) tooth cervix (syn.) cervix
of tooth (syn.) cervix dentis - coletul dintelui, colul dintelui, zonă cervicală (a dintelui)
cervical (syn.) cervicalis - cervical, referitor la gât; referitor la colul uterin; referitor la
coletul dintelui
imbalance - dezechilibru, tulburare de echilibru; nepotrivire
cusp (syn.) cuspis (pl. cuspides) - cuspid; cuspidă, valvă
cuspal - cuspidian
-itis - sufix cu sensul de inflamație

Endodontics. This division deals with surgical and therapeutic procedures involved in the
protection of the pulp (commonly known as the nerve) or its removal from the pulp cavity when
diseased or injured and root canals. Bleaching of front teeth is also included in this specialty. The
treatment commonly done by these specialist is known as Root Canal Therapy.

endodontist - endodontist
to bleach (syn.) to whiten - a albi, a înălbi
bleaching (syn.) whitening - albire, înălbire

Pediatric Dentistry. Children have milk teeth and have special problems and thus special
people take care of children known as pedodontist or pediatric dentist. The field of pediatric
dentistry (formerly called pedodontics) deals with the general practice of dentistry for patients
under 20 years of age and, in general, patients possessing wholly deciduous or mixed dentition-that
is, both primary and permanent teeth. Such practice may include the use of such appliances as space
maintainers and bite plates for the prevention or treatment of malocclusion. Another pediatric
procedure sometimes practiced is to apply a sealant to protect the chewing surfaces of a child's
molars from bacteria. The teeth are first treated with a solution to make them more porous to the
plastic resin that is then applied, making them more resistant to decay.

appliance - aparat, dispozitiv, mecanism; aparat ortodontic

fixed appliance (syn.) permanent appliance - aparat ortodontic fix, aparat ortodontic
permanent; proteză fixă
space maintainer - menținător de spațiu
 pore (syn.) porus – por
porosity - porozitate; perforaţie
porous - poros, cu pori
resin - răşină
resinous - răşinos

Oral Pathology. This field is concerned with the nature of oral disease, its causes,
processes, and effects, together with the alterations of function and structure. Diagnosis of oral
disease is accomplished through the use of laboratory tests of sputum, blood and other body fluids,
as well as through the microscopic examination of tissues. The oral pathologist, who usually works
in the laboratory of a hospital, serves the patient only indirectly through consultation with the
general practitioner.

pathology - patologie
oral pathology - patologie orală
pathology report - raport patologic
surgical pathology - patologie chirurgicală
alteration - modificare, schimbare; deformare

Public Health Dentistry. This field is concerned with the prevention and control of dental
diseases and the promotion of dental health through organized community efforts. It relates to three
basic career areas in dentistry: dental public health, research and clinical dentistry. Each of these
career areas may involve practice, teaching or administration.

clinical dentistry - stomatologie clinică

administration - administrație, conducere; administrare, aplicare
cutaneous administration - administrare cutanată
drug administration - administrare de medicamente, priză de medicamente
intravenous administration - administrare intravenoasă
oral administration - cale orală, administrare per os, administrare (pe cale) orală
administration personnel - personal administrativ
route of administration - cale de administrare
topical administration (syn.) topical application - administrare locală, aplicare locală
to administer - a administra

Complete the following sentences with the word that fits best:
1) _________ are orthodontic appliances which are attached to the teeth to correct improper
alignment.
a) bridges b) dentures c) braces d) brackets
2. A(n)_________ will prevent teeth which have just been realigned from shifting back into their
original place.
a) aligner b) retainer c) band c) glue
3. _________ braces are attached to the front of the teeth.
a) fixed b) movable c) immovable d) loose
4. _________ braces are made to match the shade of a person's teeth.
a) veneer b) traditional c) ceramic d) plastic
5. _________ braces are fixed to the back of the teeth.
a) lateral b) lingual c) gingival d) buccal
6. _________ are trained to perform root canals and other procedures to save the teeth.
a) prosthodontists b) orthodontists c) dental surgeons d) endodontists
7. A(n)_________ is a procedure in which the endodontist opens the gum tissue near the tooth in
order to remove infected tissue together with the end of the root.
a) apicoectomy b) gingivectomy c) parodontitis d) bleaching
8. _________ is a procedure in which a tooth is extracted, treated and then replaced in its socket.
a) implantation b) replantation c) transplantation d) planting
9. Dental _________ are fixtures which are placed into the jawbone in order to replace one or more
teeth.
a) bridges b) caps c) crowns d) implants
10. When a patient has lost all his natural teeth, a(n) _________ denture is the traditional method to
restore function and appearance.
a) artificial b) resin c) complete d) partial
11. Porcelain _________ are etched and bonded to the enamel of the tooth in order to modify the
shape and colour of the teeth.
a) caps b) veneers c) crowns d) jackets
12. _________ are fixed extracoronal restorations which replace the outer part of a tooth.
a) crowns b) dentures c) prostheses d) implants
13. _________ consist of replacement teeth secured to a gum-coloured acrylic fused onto a metal
base and a metal framework.
a) bridges b) caps c) dentures d) fixtures
14. _________ dentistry incorporates a range of treatment procedures that are utilised to enhance
your smile.
a) modern b) traditional c) conservative d) cosmetic
15. In addition to dental school, a _________ must complete a training in a prosthodontics program.
a) dentist b) dental technician c) prosthodontist c) prosthetist
16. To practice as a(n) _________, a joint qualification in dentistry and medicine is required.
a) OMF surgeon b) dental surgeon c) surgeon d) dental assistant
17. _________ surgery is surgery to create straight jaws.
a) osteotomy b) bone graft c) orthognatic d) orthodontic
18. Dental implants and extractions of _________ are the most common oral and maxillofacial
surgical procedures.
a) teeth b) wisdom teeth c) molars d) canines
19. A _________ is trained to identify unknown human remains and bite marks by applying dental
science.
a) dental technician b) coroner c) pathologist d) forensic odontologist
20. _________ scaling is the removal of dental calculus that accumulates on the surface of the
crown of the teeth.
a) root b) supragingival c) subgingival d) gingival