CODE MIXING ANALYSIS ON WHATSAPP GROUP CHAT

BY COLLEGE STUDENTS IN ELLITE AT UNIVERSITAS PGRI

KANJURUHAN MALANG
Irene Tarissa
Universitas PGRI Kanjuruhan Malang
irenetarissa1@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
This study aims to define the analysis of the types and the reasons of the use of
mixed English and Indonesian codes on WhatsApp Group by College Students in
ELLITE at Universitas PGRI Kanjuruhan Malang. Therefore, the researcher
focuses on the types and the reason of code mixing used by College Students in
ELLITE at Universitas PGRI Kanjuruhan Malang. The design is descriptive and
qualitative combining multiple methods of research. The research object chosen
by the researcher this time is the Students of ELLITE in Universitas PGRI
Kanjuruhan Malang containing Indonesian-English Code Mixing on WhatsApp
Group. The data sources were derived from the conversation of the students of
ELLITE who are in the WhatsApp group chat. The researcher limits the retrieval
of conversation data on students of ELLITE to a year from February 19, 2021
until February 27, 2022. The researcher read and captures screens upon finding
data that matches what is being studied. The researcher is observation,
documentation, and document analysis. The researcher uses her smartphone and
laptop to get the data on the WhatsApp group. The results of this study is as
follow: From 145 data of code mixing, 82,8% belongs to intra-sentential, followed
intra-lexical with 12,4%, and involvement a change of pronounciation with only
4,8%. Based on this data, the type of code mixing which often appear in the
conversation is intra-sentential. It happen because the students code in English
unconsciously and the habit of using the word that are often used in college. Then,
based on the data the researcher found, the researcher finds some social factors,
those are talking about a particular topic which has the high percentage with 60%,
followed by quoting somebody else 2,75%, being emphatic about something
1,4%, interjection 2%, repetition used for clarification 7,5%, intention pf
clarifying the speech content for interlocutor and the last is expressing group
identity is 16,5%. The factor that the most often cause the use of code mixing is
talking about particular topic. This researcher is expected to give information to
the next researcher about types and factors that used in code mixing theory by
Hoffman, so they able to do the further and deeper research. By referring to this
research, the reader or the next researcher hoped to continue and develop the
analysis of code mixing in different prespective.
Keywords: Code Mixing, WhatsApp, WhatsApp Group, Types, Reasons.
INTRODUCTION
Mixing language between Indonesian and English is a common thing to
do. Like phenomena, the trending language Anak Jaksel emerged and became
popular recently. Whereas, the use of mixed language has long been used by our
society and not only in South Jakarta. It has become part of the culture for
Indonesians to mix English with their language in their daily conversation, even
though they are different in grammar and lexicon. Mixing language or code
mixing is one of the sociolinguistic phenomena that occur in a bilingual or
multilingual society. Mixing languages has become a lifestyle in our life. But in
the large sphere, there may be some people who think that using code mixing is a
negative thing. The evidence is that there are still stereotypes and say that people
who mix these languages do not respect Indonesian and only follow the flow of
the times. In fact, they do code mixing and code switching so that the message
they want to convey can be well received (Sridhar & Sridhar, 1980). After all,
people who are used to do code mixing can also speak full sentences in one
language. As long as we do not blame the Indonesian language rules, this
phenomenon should not be a problem. And in the world of marketing this
phenomenon can be an advantage. Interest in products and services tends to
increase when slogans and advertisements are presented in these two languages.
So, we do not need to be ashamed if we have experienced with code mixing and
code switching because the most important thing in communication is the process
of delivering information clearly. In essence all speakers want to be understood,
listeners must also understand how other people speak even though there is a
language change involved.
Every person has different motives for using code mixing. It can be a need
filling motive, or prestige filling motive. Need filling motive is a motive when the
speaker cannot find words that have a similar meaning in their language. Prestige
filling motive is the motive that is used when the speaker appears in their
educational status. According to (Craik & Bialystok, 2006) bilingual people are
described as people who speak the same two languages, who also act
appropriately in sociocultural ways in both languages. On the other hand, this
definition is also supported by (Titone 1993:175) showing that bilingualism is the
ability to speak two languages using structures and concepts that are different
from that of that language, not paraphrasing from the original language.
The purpose of using two languages or more than two languages is to
build good communication based on social factors in communication, such as the
social context of the interaction, the topic, and the function of communication.
Indonesia has many types of languages that are used to communicate. The first is
a regional language, such as Javanese, Sundanese, Balinese, or Dayaknese. These
languages are used to communicate with people who belong to the same area,
tribe, or ethnic group. The second language is the national language of Indonesia.
This language is used as a formal language to unite various tribes, ethnic groups,
and cultures in Indonesia. The third is an International language called English.
Indonesians learn English so they can talk to people all over the world. “code
switching and “code mixing” refer to the use of two languages in communication
"code switching" is alternating between two languages or language variations in
one conversation across sentence or clause boundaries” (Herk & Blackwell,
2015). While code mixing is the change of one language to another within the
same utterance or in the same oral or written text (Nababan, 1993). From this brief
definition, it is clear that code switching and code mixing are different. In
Indonesia today, the phenomena of “code switching” and “code mixing” are easy
to find in everyday life. Most of the use of "code switching" and "code mixing"
occurs in the words of young people and community leaders. For example, "kids
jaman now" is happening and going viral in Indonesia, because when they
combine the languages, it looks more impressive. In addition, this phenomenon is
not only found in real conversations in everyday life but also in developed media,
one of which is through social media.
According to National Public Radio, there are some reason why the
teenager using multi language: instinctual drive (unconscious), wants to join in a
certain environment, wants to interact with people around, wants to talk about
somethings in secret, and the last is wants to convey thought better (clearer).
The means of communication that is trending among the youngsters
nowadays, to express their feelings, obtain information and find new friends.
WhatsApp is one of the most popular social media among youngsters. In this
application, we can send and receive messages to and from individuals or groups.
WhatsApp Group has pedagogical, social, and technological benefits. WhatsApp
Group allows its users to deliver specific announcements, share ideas and learning
resources, and support online discussions. WhatsApp has many functions, such as
sending text messages, images, audio and video files, and also link addresses.

METHOD

This study is a descriptive qualitative research following the model from

Miles, Huberman, and Saldana (2014). The subject of this study is the student of
ELLITE at Universitas PGRI Kanjuruhan Malang. The object of this research is
the use of code mixing by students in ELLITE in their WhatsApp group chat. For
the types and factors of code mixing the researcher uses the theory of Hoffman
(1991). Qualitative employs conversation, document analysis, recording and
interview. This study analyzes code mixing used in WhatsApp group chat. This
study describes the types of code mixing used by students in ELLITE at
Universitas PGRI Kanjuruhan Malang, and the reasons of use of the code mixing
by the students in ELLITE in their WhatsApp group chat.
To conduct the research and gain the data, the researcher reads, studies
carefully, investigates the required data, and writes down the gained data based on
the aims of research. After gaining the data, the researcher analyzes the data by
describing the types of code mixing and explaining the reasons that cause the code
mixing in WhatsApp (WA) chat.
The data in this research is collected by using documentary technique.
Documentation is the method used in scientific research in order to collect data by
using the document of evidence list. It is used to discover the description of data
from the primary and secondary data which are relevant with the research. In this
process the researcher uses some methods to get valid and true data.
1. Chooses the WhatsApp (WA) application
2. Finds out code mixing in WhatsApp (WA) chat.
3. The researcher collects and reads some books and relevant material about code
mixing.
4. The researcher analyzes the code mixing in WhatsApp (WA) chat.
5. Making concludes the analysis.
After collecting data, the researcher analyzes the student's texts by taking
l l l l l l l l l l l l

several steps. Data analysis is a process in which the writer searches for and
l l l l l l l l l l l l l

collects data systematically. In this case, the analysis involves working with data,
l l l l l l l l l l l l

organizing it, breaking it down into manageable units, coding it, synthesizing it,
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

and looking for pattern identification (Bogdan & Biklen, 2007). Patton (as quoted
l l l l l l l l l l

in (Tanzeh & Praktis, 2011) says that the process of organizing data, organising
l l l l l l l l l

and categorizing is data analysis.

l l l l l

In data reduction, there are some steps that the researcher had done in
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

analysing the data, as follow:

l l

1. Analyzing what the Students talk about in their WhatsApp group l l l l l l

2. Filtering the data whether the data is code mixing or not. The data
l l l l l l l l l l l l

which related as code mixing is kept and the rest is not used by thel l l l l l l l l l l l l

researcher l l l

3. Categorizing the data based on the type and social factors of code l l l l l l l l l

mixing l l

4. Naming or coding the data: l l l

a) The numeral 01, 02, 03,… are used to show the order of the data l l l l l l l

number l

b) The alphabetic capital letters are used as abbreviation of the person l l l l l l l l l l l l l

name in the group. These are written below: l l l l l l l l l

PulpenQ : AN l

Desty si rata aja : DR l l

Nurfadhillah : NF l

Pipi : PP l l

Betsy : BT l

Irene Tarissa : IT l l l l l

Agil Neraka : AG l l

Kyotie Tele : KT l l l l

Vera Veronica : VV l l l

Culon : CL
Maria Yosefina : MF l l l

c) The alphabetic capital letters used to classify the type of code l l l l l l l l l l l

mixing. These are written bellow: l l l l l l l l

IS : Intra-Sentential
l l l l l

IL : Intra-Lexical
l l l l

ICP : Involvement in Change of Pronounciation

l l l l l l l l

d) The alphabetic capital letters used to classify the factors of code l l l l l l l l l l

mixing. l l

These are written bellow: l l l l l l

TP : Talking about a particular topic l l l

QS : Quoting somebody else l l l l

 : Being emphatic about something BE l l l l l l l

: Interjection (Inserting sentence filters or sentence IJ l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

connectors) l

RC : Repetition used for clarification l l l l l l l l

II : Intention of clarifying the scpeech content for interlocutor l l l l l l l l l l l l l

EG : Expressing group identity l l l l l l l

e) The capital letter of C like C1, C2, C3,.. are used to show that the l l l l l l l l l

data in the which conversation. l l l l l

FINDINGS
l l

This research presented the findings related to an analysis of types and

l l l l l l l l l l l l l

factors of code mixing used by Students of ELLITE at Universitas PGRI l l l l l l l l l l l l

Kanjuruhan Malang on their WhatsApp Group. The findings were divided into l l l l l l l l l l l

two, called the types of code mixing and the factor of code mixing used by by
l l l l l l l l l l l

Students of ELLITE at Universitas PGRI Kanjuruhan Malang on their WhatsApp

l l l l l l l l l l

Group. The researcher analyzed the data based on Hoffman’s theory. l l l l l l l l

In this research, the researcher need approximately one year to accept data
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

from February 19, 2021, to February 27, 2022. Which is they are on 6-8 semester.
l l l l l l l l l

At the time, there was not much code mixing that was occurring because they still
l l l l l l l l l l l l l

generally used Bahasa when discussing things.

l l l l l l l

Types of Code Mixing

l l l l

The researcher used theory by Hoffman (1991) they are; intra-sentential

l l l l l l l l l l l l

code mixing, intra-lexical code mixing and involvement a change of

l l l l l l l l l l l l l

pronounciation. Those are explaining below: l l l l l l l l

a. Intra-Sentential Code Mixing l l l l l l l

Intra-sentential code mixing is the occurrence of code mixing is l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

within a sentence boundary. Intra-sentential code mixing is also related to

l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

syntax, for it occur in the form of words, or phrase. Examples are l l l l l l l

presented below as shown in bold form. l l l l l

1) Data IS27/TP20/C31 l

PP: Liat timeline pengen nangis  l l l l l l l l

IT: waw banyak sekalii

l l l l

KT: Bnyak buanget l

VV: Kok udah ada yang midterm yak l l

The word “timeline” it is used to explain the college’s established l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

timeline of teaching and learning process. And the student use this kind of
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

word because want to convey something in a familiar language l l l l l l l l l

2) Data IS43/II6/C52 l l l

AG: kalo dosen ataupun kaprodi belum share gausah percaya l l l l l

deh l

DR: dah kubilang gada libur l l

nanti aku halal bihalal bawa laptop l l

kalian gausah expect ada libur nanti kecewa l l l l l l l

NF: nggak deh pasti libur. Vote tadi :’( l l l l l

 In this conversation the student use word “expect” is to emphasize l l l l l l l l l l l l l

a meaning of “mengharapkan” in English. l l l l l l

b. Intra-Lexical Code Mixing l l l l l l

Intra-lexical code mixing appears in someone's utterance when the l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

speakers insert a word boundary in their utterance. To categorize the l l l l l l l l l l l l l

data in the types of intra-lexical code mixing, the researcher separate l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

into two such as prefix and suffix. It is because this type occurs in l l l l l l l l l l l

someone utterance when someone puts affixation into the utterance. l l l l l l l l l l l l l

Here, the affixation is Indonesian affixation. Examples are presented l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

below as shown in bold form. l l

1) Data IL4/TP21/C33 l

IT:
jelek aa gmeet ni
l l l l l l

bahas apa ni skrg l

VV: Sinyal seluler darurat l l l

DR: ini kenapa woy l l l

dah habis kah l

tadi terakhir punyaku ngefreeze l l l l l l l

It is an English word “freeze” which is added by Indonesia prefix {-nge}

l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

and the prefix {-nge} means conditions. l l l l l l l

2) Data IL9/TP37/C66 l

DR:
iren belikan jajan l l l l

IT:
minta belikan sm juan
l l l l

DR:
alah dah sering l l

aku tadi tunggu diacc sampe ketiduran trs ngiler l l l l l l l

In this kind of conversations, one of students use word of English “acc” with
l l l l l l l l l l l

prefix {-di}. The word “acc” is the abbreviation of “accepted” which is they are
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

on online learning using the application Zoom or Gmeet, so they need to

l l l l l l l l l l l l l

accepted to enter the class.

l l l l l

c. Involvement a Change of Pronunciation

l l l l l l

This kind of code mixing occurs at the phonological level, as when

l l l l l l l l l l

Indonesian people say an English word, but modify it to Indonesian phonological

l l l l l l l l l l l l l

structure. Examples are presented below as shown in bold form

l l l l l l l l l

1) Data ICP3/EG19/C105 l l

NF: Bantuin aku buat share video ini, yang udah subscribe dan l l l l l l l l

tonton sampai habis terima kasih banyak l l l l l

Yang suka Rujak mampir yuk l

👇👇👇
https://youtu.be/BE1HCyyRKiA l l l

Yang penasaran sma kebun bayamku dan olahan lainnya l l l

yuk mampir l

https://youtu.be/Fkf2fR6f51I l l

IT:l kawanku semester atas pada jd yucuber ya wkwk l l l l

NF: wkwkkw nggak sih aku dari semester 2. Cuma lagi ppkm l l l l l l

aja jadi rajin l l

 Indonesians know so much about ”WKWK” is a complement of joke. So,
l l l l l l l

the word “yucuber” is Spoonerism to “youtuber (ˈyo͞oˌt(y)o͞obər).

l l l l l l

2) Data ICP4/TP62/C108 l

IT: lhai temen2ku yang baik l l l l

gimana ya nak daftar kkn kalo nd ada ktm :’( l

gimana ngurusnya ya l

anel, jangan maki l l

AN: ktmnya kenapa? l

IT: lkan udah lama ilang cok l

yang ilang sama dompet2nya dibandara l l l

AN: keknya ngurus di BAA l l

IT: lya kalo onlen gini gmn ya l l l

NF: telfon BAA *giving the phone number of BAA’s Staff l l l l l l

From the data above, it can be seen that the change of pronounciation l l l l l l l l l l

occurs in the conversation above. It shown by the word “onlen” by Irene. l l l l l l l l l l l

This mixing happened because Indonesia people modify the English word
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

“online (ˈɒnˌlaɪn)” to Indonesian phonological structure “onlen”. This

l l l l l l l l l

mixing is happened the language use affect in daily conversation.

l l l l l l l l l l l l l

The Reasons of Using Code Mixing

l l l l l l

People code mix within their speech or writing, however, this study
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

focuses on theories given by Hoffman (1991). Hoffman (1991) classified the

l l l l l l l l l l

reasons to do code mixing into seven points, they are as follow:

l l l l l l l l l l

a. Talking about a particular topic l l l

People sometimes prefer to talk about a particular topic in one language

l l l l l l l l l l l l

rather than in another. Sometimes, a speaker feels free and more comfortable to
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

express their emotions, excitements, or even anger in a language that is not their
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

everyday language.
l l l

1) Data IL18/TP84/C136 l

VV: *shared the Gmeet link l l l l l

Tiniii, microphone nya bisa di mute yaah suara ana l l l l l l l l l

mantul
KT: oke vera l l

aku share screen jadi gabisa mute nih l l l l l l l

VV: oh iya terlanjur yaah l l

2) Data IS57/TP39/C68 l

DR: *shared the zoom link l l l

yah dah selesai l l l

KT : udah abis l

PP: astafighrullah l

DR: loh kok bapaknya left l

ngambek anjir l l

From the data above, the bold words in the senteces were such example of l l l l l l l l l l l l

Code Mixing that certain topic reasons. They were mixed with Indonesian to
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

discuss a particular topic. In the data (1) the students use the adjective “mute”
l l l l l l l l l l l l l

because the topic is about the microphone that must be turned off because it
l l l l l l l l l l l l l
makes a bouncing sound in the Google Meet app. In the data (2) the student use
l l l l l l l l l l l l

the verb “left” because the topic is about interaction of the online class that the
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

lectures has left the meeting.

l l l l l l l

b. Quoting somebody else l l l l

Regarding this reason, Hoffman (1991) suggested that “people sometimes

l l l l l l l l l l l

like to quote a famous expression or saying of some well-known figures”.

l l l l l l l l l l l

1) Data IS94/TP66/C112 l

AG: *forwarded text (minta tlong gil l l l l

bilang temen”mu yg ambil matkul smt 7 .. yg hari l l l l l

ini ada kelas maam ayu suruh cek spada l l l l

Maam ayu udh standby)

AN: Punyaku blum bias isi KRS  l l l

PP: Sama :’)

NF: Belum nyusun KRS gabisa masuk spade maam. l l l

Buat grup aja gimana? l

Grup wa

2) Data IS98/QS4/C116 l

AN: Guys yg task week 4 itu emang sudah di upload dri l l l l l l

kemarin ya sama maam ayhu? l l

Kok kemarin aku cek beberapa kali tapi ndak ada l l l l l l l

tugas. Eh sekalinya buka udah ada tugas yang l l l

terlewatkan. l l

PP: Iya nih. Baru muncul nih. Aku juga kaget l l l l

VV: Hee terus gimana l l l l

AN: *forwarded text (itu kesalahan saya, ternyata sy l l l l l

tidak sengaja klik “hide” tugasnya. Minggu ini l l l l l l l l

focus ke tugas week 5 saja. Nanti materi di week 4 l l l l l l l l l

akan sy jelaskan) l

VV: Iya na, sinyalku lemot chatnya baru masuk l l l

We know that in the data (1) and (2) there are forwarded text from l l l l l l l l

the lectures. It means they are use code mixing because to deliver a
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

message addressed to the students. l l l l l l

c. Being emphatic about something l l l l l l

Usually, when someone who is talking using a language that is not his l l l l l l l l l

native tongue suddenly wants to be emphatic about something, as Hoffman (1991)

l l l l l l l l l

stated “he/she, either intentionally or unintentionally, will switch from his second
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

language to his first language. l l l l

Data IS29/BE2/C35 l l

BT: Guys barusan gempa lagi kan? l l

MF: Iya beb l l

PP: Ya Allah
Ada gempa susulan lagi kah l l

AG: Barusan ada tapi ga separah kemarin l l l l

CL: Gempa maneh l l

NF: Iyo l

NF: Semalam juga ada katanya tapi aku ga kerasa l l l

 PP: Stay safe semuanya. Jangan panik l l l

NF: Iya. Semoga ga parah. l l

AN: Semoga baik2 saja kawan2ku. l l

Tuhan lindungi teman2 dn keluarga di Malang🙏🏻🥺 l l l l l

NF: Aamiin. Minta do'anya terus kawan l l l l

AG: Aminn l

because in a disaster situation, the word “stay safe” is used by the speaker l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

to express empathy to her friends

l l l l l l

d. Interjection (Inserting sentence fillers or sentence connectors)l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

Regarding the reason, Hoffman (1991) suggested that “language switching l l l l l l l l l

and language mixing among bilingual or multilingual people can sometimes mark l l l l l l l l l l l l

an interjection or sentence connector. It may happen unintentionally or

l l l l l l l l l l l l l

intentionally.
l l l

Data IS64/IJ2/C75 l l

AG: https://meet.google.com/kyp-wtpm-uci l l l l

Join ya kalo ndak bapak marah l

BT: Nggak bisa l

NF: Sinyyal ku ilang l l

In the conversation above, which discussed "orders to attend an online

l l l l l l l l l l l l

meeting" then code mixing was used in the word “join” and the word "kalau" (it
l l l l l l l l l l l l l

is “if” in English as a sentence connector.

l l l l l l l l l

e. Repetition used for clarification l l l l l l l l

About this reason, Hoffman (1991) said that “when a bilingual wants to l l l l l l

clarify his/her speech so that it will be understood more by the listener, he/she can
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

sometimes use both of the languages that he masters saying the same utterance
l l l l l l l l l l l l l

(the utterance is said repeatedly

l l l l l l l l

Data IS73/RC7/C87 l

DR: itu assestment apasi l l l l

AG: Asesmen? l l

IT: masuk yg meet brp ni l l l l

14 ka
DR: iya l

ini apa pls l l

IT: nd ada yg jawab = nd ada yang tau l

NF: Kesimpulan mungkin l l l

KT: Nnti Klian komen disitu l l l l l

NF: Assesment itu penilaian l l l l l l

IT: aduhai l l

The conversation above discusses the meaning of the word “assessment”, l l l l l l l l l l l l

and in the sentence marked in bold there is a mention of the meaning of the word
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

assessment. Then there is repetition of words in different languages

l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

f. Intention of clarifying the speech content for interlocutor l l l l l l l l l l l

When a bilingual person talks to another bilingual as suggested by l l l l l l l l l

Hoffman (1991), it was mentioned that there will be lots of code switching and l l l l l l l l l l l
code mixing that occur. It means making the content of his/her speech runs
l l l l l l l l l l l l

smoothly and can be understood by the hearer. l l l l l

Data IS54/III7/C63 l l l l

DR: kalo ditanya aku tolong bilangin masih trouble ya l l l l l

aku drtd gabisa masuk l

IT: masih kah

l l

BT: Masih ren l l

AN: Aku baru bangun gess, soalnya lagi haid dan perut l l l l

sakit sekali trus tidur deh🙈 l l l l l

PP: Tangi-tangi. Kuliah l l l

The word "trouble" is used to clarify the state of a system in an

l l l l l l l l l

application used for online learning and this word is addressed to friends in the
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

group to convey information that will be conveyed again to another personal, l l l l l l l l l l

namely the lecturer

l l l l

g. Expressing group identity l l l l l l

Code switching and code mixing can also be used to express group
l l l l l l l l l l

identity. The way of communication of academic people in their disciplinary

l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

groupings, are obviously different from other groups (Hoffman, 1991).

l l l l l l l

1) Data IS13/EG4/C14 l l

DR: ini sudah ada kah link Google meet? l l l l l l

PP: Belum l

AN: Ndak pake google meet, jdi ndak bias buatkan l l l l l l

roomnya
PP: Lagian pertemuannya git uterus. Gak kuota anjir l l l l l l

Gak ada kuota

From the data above, the word “Google meet” was mixed with l l l l l l l l l

Indonesian because they are talking about part of identity (Google

l l l l l l l l l l l l

App)
2) Data IS76/EG17/C90 l l

AG: rek rek rek l l l

*send a screenshot (sopo iki) l l l l l

NF: ojok
Akeh kejadian mengatasnamakan pak teguh l l l l l

Wes akeh seng kenek l l l l l

AG: tenan a l

NF: pak teguh ga pernah ganti nomer nek 1 l l l l l

PP: coba chat bapak aja

Ih kok serem l l l

DR: coba tanya bapaknya via wa l

AG: tapi wonge centang l l l

Lek pulsa e ente yaopo l l l l

NF: gairo. Centang ancen maghrib l l l l

Soale akeh kejadian iku l l l l l

DR: cek di get contact l l l

itu nomor siapa l l

AG: oiya l
In the data above, there is a noun phrase namely “Get Contact” and actually that
l l l l l l l l l

is a one of application on Play Store. That’s why this code mixing includes
l l l l l l l l l l l

mentioning the name of the product.

l l l l l l

DISCUSSION l l

The researcher finally find out some finding that is explained in the l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

previous chapter after doing data analysis. The findings are consist of types of
l l l l l l l l l l l l

code mixing and social factors of code mixing which found in WhatsApp group
l l l l l l l l l

by College Student in ELLITE at Universitas PGRI Kanjuruhan Malang l l l l l l l l l l l

1. The Types of Code Mixing l l l l l

To find out the types of code mixing used by the student in ELLITE, the l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

researcher used theory by Hoffman (1991) which declare that there 3 types of
l l l l l l l l l l l

code mixing. Those are intra-sentential, intra-lexical and involvement a change of

l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

pronounciation. The researcher finds 145 data from the conversation of WhatsApp l l l l l l l l l l

group that contains 120 data of intra-sentential, 18 data of intra-lexical, and 7 data l l l l l l l l

of involvement a change of pronounciation. The finding of each types are

l l l l l l l l l l l l

displayed in chart 4.1:

l l l

From the chart 4.1, the highest frequency data of the types of code mixing l l l l l l l l l l l

is the intra-sentential. The percentage of intra-sentential is 82,8%, and the lowest

l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

one is the involvement a change of pronounciation which only has 4,8%. Hoffman
l l l l l l l l l l

(1991) has said that intra-sentential is the occurrence of code mixing is within a l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

sentence boundary. It is also related to syntax, for it in the form of words, or

l l l l l l l l l l

phrase. The example of word or phrase which is categorized as intra-sentential

l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

can be seen in the previous chapter. l l l l l l l l

The next type is intra-lexical, it is means that the occurrence of code l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

mixing is in the word boundary. It is also related to morphology such as the

l l l l l l l l l l
change of lexical category of the words. This kind of type occurs when the affixes
l l l l l l l l l l l l

are added to a word, which it is theory from Hoffman (1991). The example of
l l l l l l l l l

intra-lexical can be seen in the previous chapter. The researcher find the data
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

belongs this type is mostly appear in the students utterance when they are puts
l l l l l l l l l l l l l

Indonesian affixation intro English word.

l l l l l l l l

The last type which is found is involvement a change of pronounciation. l l l l l l l l l l l

This type happens with the pronounciation change from one language to
l l l l l l l l l l

phonological structure of another language, which it is theory from Hoffman l l l l l l l l

(1991). The example of this type can be seen in the previous chapter. The research l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

find the data belongs this type when the students modify the pronounciation of
l l l l l l l l l l l l

English into Indonesian phonological structure

l l l l l l l l

2. The Social Factors of Code Mixing l l l l l

The last finding is about the social factor of code mixing. The researcher used l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

the theory from Hoffman (1991) to find out the social factor which appears in the
l l l l l l l l l

conversations, they are; Talking about a particular topic, Quoting somebody else,
l l l l l l l l l l l

Being emphatic about something, Interjection (Inserting sentence fillers or

l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

sentence connectors), Repetition used for clarification, Intention of clarifying the

l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

speech content for interlocutor, Expressing group identity. The percentage are
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

displayed in chart:
l l l

Based the chart 4.2, the highest percentage of the social factor is talking about l l l l l l l l l l l l

a particular topic which is 60%, followed by quoting somebody else 2,75%, being
l l l l l l l l l l l

emphatic about something 1,4%, interjection 2%, repetition used for clarification
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

7,5%, intention pf clarifying the speech content for interlocutor and the last is l l l l l l l l l l l l l

expressing group identity is 16,5%

l l l l l l l
 The first social factor is talking about a particular topic which is has the l l l l l l l l l l

percentage with 60%. It is caused in WhatsApp group the student are talking
l l l l l l l l l l l l

about the something related to the lesson, like the link of the online class, the l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

assignment, the due of the assignment, the error, joking, and so on.
l l l l l l l l l l

The second factor is quoting somebody else which is has with percentage l l l l l l l l l l l l l

2,75 %. It is caused the student often forwarded the text from the lecturer which is l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

discusses about the announcement and the assignment.

l l l l l l l l

The third one is being emphatic about something which is has the l l l l l l l l l l l l l

percentage with 1,4%. It is caused by the student are talking about something that
l l l l l l l l l l l l l

by doing give compliments or remind each other l l l l l l l l l

The next factor is interjection, with percentage only 2%. It is cause many l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

sentences in the conversation are affirming a condition.

l l l l l l l l l l l l

and for the umpteenth factor is repetition used for clarification with l l l l l l l l l l l l l

percentage 7,5%. It is caused the student often use code mixing as words that
l l l l l l l l l l l l l

explain something.
l l l l

The next factor is intention of clarifying the speech content for interlocutor l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

which is has with percentage 9,6%. It is caused the student often convey
l l l l l l l l l l l l l

something, command, give information, ask something where everything happens

l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

between one bilingual and another.

l l l l l l l

And to the last social factor that cause in the WhatsApp group is l l l l l l

expressing group identity. In this research, this factors has percentage with 16,5%.
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

For dominance factors, it caused the student are joined several organization inside l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

and outside campus, and then the student are often mention the application that l l l l l l l l l l l l

they are used to online learning, or maybe when the student buying some
l l l l l l l l l l l l l

products.
Of the several reasons already mentioned and explained above, it should l l l l l l l l l l l l l

be remembered and understood that the object used by researchers is the

l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

WhatsApp group in which this group is a non-formal group, whose members are l l l l l l l l

only equally relegated and students feel free to write anything or say.
l l l l l l l l l l l l

CONCLUSION l

The researcher discovers some finding in analysing code mixing on l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

WhatsApp group used by College Student in ELLITE at Universitas PGRI l l l l l l l l l l l l

Kanjuruhan Malang. First, the researcher finds some types of code mixing. From l l l l l l l l l l l

145 data of code mixing, 82,8% belongs intra-sentential, followed intra-lexical l l l l l l l l l l l l

with 12,4%, and involvement a change of pronounciation has only 4,8%. The
l l l l l l l l

type of code mixing which often appear in the conversation is intra-sentential.

l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

The second and the last finding is social factor of code mixing. The l l l l l l l l l l l

researcher finds some social factors, those are talking about a particular topic
l l l l l l l l l l l

which has the high percentage with 60%, followed by quoting somebody else
l l l l l l l l l l l l

2,75%, being emphatic about something 1,4%, interjection 2%, repetition used for l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

clarification 7,5%, intention pf clarifying the speech content for interlocutor and
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

the last is expressing group identity is 16,5%.

l l l l l l l l l

Of the several reasons already mentioned and explained above, it should l l l l l l l l l l l l l

be remembered and understood that the object used by researchers is the

l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

WhatsApp group in which this group is a non-formal group, whose members are l l l l l l l l

only equally relegated and students feel free to write anything or say.
l l l l l l l l l l l l
 In short, the researcher has been proven which appear the two researcher
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

questions by finding out 2 linguistic form of code mixing which appear in the
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l

conversation that occur on WhatsApp group, intra-sentential as the most dominant

l l l l l l l l

type of code mixing, and the social factors of code mixing which found in the
l l l l l l l l l l l l

conversation after doing data analysis. l l l l l

REFERENCES l l l l

Aitchison, J., & Wardaugh, R. (1987). An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. In The

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British Journal of Sociology (Vol. 38, Issue 3). l l l l l

Arikunto, S. (2017). Metode Penelitian Metode Penelitian. Metode Penelitian

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Kualitatif, 17, 43. l l

Bogdan, R., & Biklen, S. (2007). Qualitative research for education: An l l l l l l l l l

introduction to theories and methods.

l l l l l l

Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method.

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Hairennisa, H. (2018). Code Mixing in Students’ Whatsapp (WA) Chat at Eight

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Semester of English Study Program at State Islamic of University. 113.

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POPLACK, S., & WALKER, J. A. (2003). Pieter Muysken , Bilingual speech: a l l l l l l l l l

typology of code-mixing . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. l l l l l l l l l l l

Sridhar, S. N., & Sridhar, K. K. (1980). The syntax and psycholinguistics of

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bilingual code mixing. Canadian Journal of Psychology/Revue Canadienne

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de Psychologie, 34(4), 407–416. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0081105

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Tanzeh, A., & Praktis, M. P. (2011). Ahmad Tanzeh, Metodologi Penelitian

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Praktis, (Yogyakarta: Teras, 2011), hal. 64. 84. l l

Wilujeng, R., & Suharto, M. (2017). Code Mixing as a Communication Strategy

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Performed by Outbound Call (OBC) Center Agents. International Journal of

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Social Sciences & Educational Studies, 3(3), 3–18 l l l l l l l l