Mathematics 9 LAS Quarter 4

9
Mathematics
Fourth Quarter
LEARNING ACTIVTIY SHEETS

Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION II – CAGAYAN VALLEY
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MATHEMATICS
Learning Activity Sheets
(Grade 9)
Copyright © 2020
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ii
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Table of Contents
Page
Compentency
number
1. Illustrates the six trigonometric ratios:
sine, cosine, tangent, secant,
..................... 1-11
cosecant, and cotangent
2. Finds the trigonometric ratios of special

angles ..................... 12-22
3. Illustrates angles of elevation and

angles of depression ..................... 23-30
4. Uses trigonometric ratios to solve real-

..................... 31-41
life problems involving right triangles
5. Illustrates laws of sines and cosines ..................... 42-62
6. Solves problems involving oblique
..................... 63-75
triangles
iii
iv
MATHEMATICS GRADE 9
Name of Learner: ________________________________ Grade Level: _____________
Section: ________________________________________ Date: ___________________
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET
Illustrating the Six Trigonometric Ratios
Background Information for Learners

Consider a right triangle whose legs measure a and b units and let c be the measure of
the hypotenuse. You will be encountering the symbol 𝜃 and is read as “theta” which is
considered as an acute angle in a right triangle.
I. To further understand this lesson, consider the right triangle below.
A Let 𝜃 be ∠𝐵
Therefore:
a is the side adjacent of 𝜃 or ∠𝐵
c
b is the side opposite of 𝜃 or ∠𝐵
b
c is the hypotenuse
𝜃
C a B
Note:
We will name the angles represented by capital letters while the sides opposite each
angle are in small letters.
Remember the following:

A. The Six Trigonometric Functions
Functions Symbols Reciprocal Functions
Symbols
1. cosine cos 4. secant sec
2. sine sin 5. secant csc
3. tangent tan 6. cotangent cot
B. To easily remember the equations of the different six trigonometric functions, use
SOH-CAH-TOA A
c
b
C a B
Let us express these functions into equations and illustrate their ratios.
a) SOH (Sine, Opposite, Hypotenuse)
Reciprocal Function
𝑂𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 1
sine of 𝜃 = sin 𝜃 = 𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 csc 𝜃 = sin 𝜃
𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
Let 𝜃 be ∠𝐵 (SOH) cosecant of 𝜃 = csc 𝜃 = 𝑂𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
𝑏 𝑐
sin 𝜃 = csc 𝜃 = 𝑏
𝑐
1
b) CAH (Cosine, Adjacent, Hypotenuse)
Reciprocal Function
𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 1
cosine of 𝜃 = cos 𝜃 = 𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 sec 𝜃 = cos 𝜃
Let 𝜃 be ∠𝐵 (CAH) secant of 𝜃 = sec 𝜃 = 𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑎 𝑐
cos 𝜃 = 𝑐
sec 𝜃 = 𝑎
c) TOA (Tangent, Opposite, Adjacent)
Reciprocal Function
𝑂𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 1
tangent of 𝜃 = tan 𝜃 = 𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 cot 𝜃 = tan 𝜃
𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
Let 𝜃 be ∠𝐵 (TOA) cotangent of 𝜃 = cot 𝜃 = 𝑂𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
𝑏 𝑎
tan 𝜃 = 𝑎 cot 𝜃 = 𝑏
Examples: Determine the equations/ ratios using the six trigonometric functions.
1.
r
S T Sides are small letters s, t, r.
Angles are big letters S, T, R.
t
s
R Reciprocals
𝑟 𝑠
a. cos 𝑇 = 𝑠 d. sec 𝑇 = 𝑟
𝑡 𝑠
b. sin 𝑇 = 𝑠 e. csc 𝑇 = 𝑡
𝑡 𝑟
c. tan 𝑇 = 𝑟 f. cot 𝑇 = 𝑡
2. Use the same triangle STR to solve for the missing part
a) Given ∠𝑇 = 48°, 𝑅𝑇 ̅̅̅̅ = 16
a.1. Solve for t (leg) Since the given 𝜃 is ∠𝑇 = 48° and 𝑅𝑇̅̅̅̅ is the
hypotenuse, use SOH because t is opposite ∠𝑇
and the length of the hypotenuse is given.
Therefore the equation is SOH
𝑂𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
sin of ∠𝑇 = sin 𝑇 = 𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
𝑡
sin 48° = 16 Substitute the given then cross multiply
𝑡 = 16 sin 48° ̅̅̅̅
(Answer) Length of side t or 𝑆𝑅
Suggestion: You can use scientific calculator if it is available and get the
approximate value of t in tenths.
Press 16 𝑠𝑖𝑛 48 = 11.9 → approximate value of t
But, you may express your answer in 𝑡 = 16 sin 48°
2
b) Use the same given in no. 2 a,
b.1 What is ∠𝑅 (angle)?
Since ∠𝑆 = 90°, ∠𝑇 = 48°, use the sum of the
angles in a triangle which is 180°.
𝑚∠𝑅 = 180° − (90° + 48°)
= 180° − 138°
𝑚∠𝑅 = 42° Answer
b.2 If 𝑚∠𝑅 = 42°, 𝑡 = 10.5, what is r (leg)?
Since t is the side adjacent ∠𝑅, and r is the side
opposite ∠𝑅, then use TOA to solve for the
length of s.
tan of ∠𝑅 = tan 𝑅 = 𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑟
tan 42° = Substitute the given
𝑡
𝑟
tan 42° = 10.5 Cross multiply
𝑟 = 10.5 tan 42° Answer

b.3 If ∠𝑅 = 42°, 𝑟 = 13.2, what is s (hypotenuse)?
Since r and s are opposite side and hypotenuse
of ∠𝑅, respectively, use SOH (Sine, Opposite,
Hypotenuse) to solve for the length of r.
sin of ∠𝑅 = sin 𝑅 = 𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
𝑟
sin 𝑅 = 𝑠 Substitute the given
13.2
sin 42° = Cross multiply
𝑠
s sin 42° 13.2
= Divide both sides of the equation by r sin 42°
sin 42° sin 42°
13.2
𝑠 = sin 42° Answer
3
Note:
C. Do this if Scientific Calculator is AVAILABLE.
*Calculator is operating in degrees (D mode)
Use calculator to find Trigonometric Ratios
A. Finding a ratio given the angle
Examples: Find the ratio of each given angle.
a. sin 56°
Press 𝑠𝑖𝑛 56 = 0.83 (nearest hundredths)
Explore csc 56° (reciprocal of sin)
Press 1 ÷ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 56 = 1.21 (nearest hundredths)
1
or simply divide 0.829 = 1.21
b. tan 70°
Press 𝑡𝑎𝑛 70 = 2.75 (nearest hundredths)
Explore cot 70° (reciprocal of tan)
Press 1 ÷ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 70 = 0. 36 (nearest hundredths)
B. Finding an angle given the ratio
Examples: Find the angle of each given ratio.
a. sin 𝜃 = 0.725, find 𝜃 to the nearest degree/minute
Press 2𝑛𝑑 𝐹 or 𝑆ℎ𝑖𝑓𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛 0.725 = 46.46884783
Press 2𝑛𝑑 𝐹 or 𝑆ℎ𝑖𝑓𝑡 𝐷°𝑀′𝑆 or ° ’ ’’
Calculator gives you 46°28′ (46 degrees, 28 minutes)
or sin 𝜃 = 0.725 is equal to (𝟒𝟔. 𝟓)° → approximate value in degree
b. cos 𝜃 = 0.2588, find 𝜃to the nearest degree/ minute
Press 2𝑛𝑑 𝐹 or 𝑆ℎ𝑖𝑓𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠 0.2588 = 75.00113
Press 2𝑛𝑑 𝐹 or 𝑆ℎ𝑖𝑓𝑡 𝐷°𝑀′𝑆 or ° ’ ’’
Calculator gives you 75°0′ (75 degrees)
or cos 𝜃 = 0.2588 is equal to 𝟕𝟓° → approximate value in degree
II. Solving a right triangle given two parts.

A. Given the lengths of the hypotenuse and one leg
Examples:
Find ∠𝐴 and ∠𝐵
B
To solve ∠𝐴, use the given lengths of sides of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶.
With respect to ∠𝐴, b is the adjacent side and c is the
a c=25 hypotenuse.
C b=15 A
The given are adjacent and hypotenuse to ∠𝐴, therefore use CAH.
a. cos of ∠𝐴 = cos 𝐴
cos 𝐴 = 𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
𝑏
cos 𝐴 = Substitute the given
𝑐
15 3
cos 𝐴 = or
25 5
cos 𝐴 = 0.6 Value of the ratio
4
Explore!
Get the value of cos 𝐴 in degree.
Press 2𝑛𝑑 𝐹 or 𝑆ℎ𝑖𝑓𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠 0.6 = 53°
Therefore, cos 𝐴 = 53° or ∠𝐴 = 53°. Answer
b. Since ∠𝐴 = 53°, subtract ∠𝐴 from 90° to solve for 𝑚∠𝐵.

𝑚∠𝐵 = 90° − 53°
𝑚∠𝐵 = 37° Answer
c. Solve for a, use the Pythagorean Theorem

𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2
𝑎2 + (15)2 = (25)2 Substitute b= 15, c= 25
𝑎2 + 225 = 625
𝑎2 + 225 − 225 = 625-225 Subtraction Property of Equality
2
𝑎 = 400 Use square root property
2
√𝑎 = √400
a = 20 Answer
B. Given the length of the hypotenuse and the measure of one acute angle
D f
E
e d= 30
56°
F
Examples:
In ∆𝐷𝐸𝐹, d = 30 and ∠F = 56°, find ∠E, e and f.
a. ∠E + ∠F = 90° Substitute the given
∠E + 56° = 90° Subtraction Property of Equality
∠E + 56° − 56° = 90° − 56°
∠E = 34° Answer
b. To find e, since e is the adjacent side of ∠F and d is the
Hypotenuse, then use CAH
cos of ∠𝐹 = cos 𝐹 = 𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
𝑒
cos 𝐹 = Substitute the given
𝑑
𝑒
cos 56° = 30 Cross multiply
𝑒 = 30 cos 56°
Press 30 𝑐𝑜𝑠 56 = 16. 78
or 𝑒 = 17 Answer (Approximate Length)
c. Solve for f, use the Pythagorean Theorem
𝑎2 + 𝑏2 = 𝑐 2 or 𝑒 2 + 𝑓 2 = 𝑑 2
(17)2 + 𝑓 2 = (30)2 Substitute the given
2
289 + 𝑓 = 900
2
𝑓 + 289 − 289 = 900 − 289 Subtraction Property of Equality
𝑓 2 = 611 Square root Property
2
√𝑓 = √611
𝑓 = 24.72 or 𝑓 = 25 Approximate Length
5
Note: Another option or solution for f.
Since f is the side opposite of ∠F and d is the hypotenuse, then use SOH.
sin of ∠𝐹 = sin 𝐹 = 𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
𝑓
sin 56° = 𝑑 Substitute the given
𝑓
sin 56° = 30 Cross multiply
𝑓 = 30 sin 56°
Press 30 𝑠𝑖𝑛 56 = 25° Approximate Length
Note: Same answer for the length of f.
C. Given the lengths of two legs

Examples:
T Given:
𝑟 = 12 𝑐𝑚, 𝑞 = 10 𝑐𝑚
q r Find t, ∠𝑅 and ∠𝑄.
R Q
t
a. Find t, use the Pythagorean Theorem
𝑎2 + 𝑏2 = 𝑐 2 or 𝑟 2 + 𝑞 2 = 𝑡 2
(12)2 + (10)2 = 𝑡 2 Substitute the given
2
144 + 100 = 𝑡
√244 = √𝑡 2 Square Root Property
15.6𝑐𝑚 = t Approximate value
b. Solve for ∠𝑅, since r is the side Opposite and q is the side Adjacent of ∠𝑅,
use TOA to solve for ∠𝑅.
tan of ∠𝑅 = tan 𝑅 = 𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑟
tan 𝑅 = 𝑞
12
tan 𝑅 =
10
tan 𝑅 = 1.2
Since ∠𝑅 is unknown, then solve for the angle measure to the nearest
degree.
Press 2𝑛𝑑 𝐹 or 𝑆ℎ𝑖𝑓𝑡 𝑡𝑎𝑛 1.2 = 53.194 or 50°
∠𝑅 = 50° Approximate value in degree
c. Solve for ∠𝑄
∠𝑄 + ∠𝑅 = 90°
∠𝑄 + 50° = 90°
∠𝑄 + 50° − 50° = 90° − 50° Subtraction Property of Equality
∠𝑄 = 40° Answer
Note: You can use SOH or CAH to solve for any of the acute angles (∠𝑅 and ∠𝑄).
Learning Competency with Code:

Illustrates the six trigonometric ratios; sine, cosine, tangent, secant, cosecant and
cotangent (M9GE-IVa-1)
Directions: Read and understand carefully the following activities. Answer with honesty.
6
Activity 1
Directions: Refer to the following right triangles to answer the blanks.
s
A E
V
\
A. Use ∆𝐴𝑉𝑆, answer what is asked.
__________1. Acute angles
__________2. Legs
__________3. Hypotenuse
__________4. Leg adjacent to ∠𝐴
__________5. Leg opposite ∠𝐴
__________6. Leg adjacent to ∠𝐴𝑆𝑉
__________7. Leg opposite ∠𝐴𝑆𝑉
For 8-10, apply the different ratios, refer to the given example.
𝑙𝑒𝑔 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 ∠𝐴 ̅̅̅̅
𝑆𝑉→𝑂𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
= 𝐴𝑆
̅̅̅̅ →𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
=SOH
Answer: sine
𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜∠𝐴
__________8. 𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
𝑂𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑜∠𝐴𝑆𝑉
__________9. 𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜∠𝐴𝑆𝑉
__________10. 𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜∠𝐴
B. Use ∆𝑆𝑉𝐸, answer what is asked.

__________1. Acute angles
__________2. Legs
__________3. Hypotenuse
__________4. Leg adjacent to ∠𝐸
__________5. Leg opposite ∠𝐸
__________6. Leg adjacent to ∠𝑉𝑆𝐸
__________7. Leg opposite ∠𝑉𝑆𝐸
For 8-10, apply the different ratios, refer to the given example.
𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 ̅̅̅̅
𝑆𝐸 →𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
= ̅̅̅̅
𝑙𝑒𝑔 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 ∠𝐸 𝑆𝑉→𝑂𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
SOH→ sin 𝜃 = 𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 but the given is reciprocal which is
, therefore the ratio is COSECANT
𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜 ∠𝐸
__________8. 𝑂𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑜 ∠𝐸
__________9. 𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜 ∠𝑉𝑆𝐸
𝑂𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑜 ∠𝑉𝑆𝐸
__________10. 𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜 ∠𝑉𝑆𝐸
7
Activity 2: Give the Six Trigonometric Ratios
A. Directions: State the equation/ratio given angle.
O
r m
M o R
Example:
𝑚 𝑜
sin 𝑀 = 𝑜 → csc 𝑀 = 𝑚
1. cos 𝑀 = ______________________
2. tan 𝑀 = ______________________
3. sin 𝑅 = ______________________
4. cot 𝑅 = ______________________
5. sec 𝑀 = ______________________
6. sec 𝑅 = ______________________
7. cot 𝑀 = ______________________
8. csc 𝑅 = ______________________
9. cos 𝑅 = ______________________
10. tan 𝑅 = ______________________
B. Use same ∆𝑀𝑂𝑅 to solve for the missing part. (Do not use calculator.)
Given: If ∠𝑀 = 65° and m = 15, what are the following with respect to ∠𝑀?
Solutions Answer without the use of

Calculator
1. o or ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝑅 ________________________ ______________
2. ̅̅̅̅̅
r or 𝑀𝑂 ________________________ ______________
3. What is ∠𝑅? ________________________ ______________
4. o or ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝑅 with respect to ∠𝑅?
________________________ ______________
̅̅̅̅̅
5. r or 𝑀𝑂 with respect to ∠𝑅?
________________________ ______________
8
Activity 3: Explore!
This activity requires you to use Scientific Calculator. If you want to explore, you
MAY do the following activities. (OPTIONAL)
A. Directions: Find the value of the following angles. Express answers in two decimal
places.
Answer
1. cos 86° ____________________
2. tan 48° ____________________
3. sin 75° ____________________
1 1 1
(4-6) Remember that 𝑠𝑒𝑐 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 , 𝑐𝑠𝑐 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 and 𝑐𝑜𝑡 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛
1
Example: sec 75° = cos 75° = 3.86
4. sec 67° ____________________

5. cot 35° ____________________
6. csc 78° ____________________
B. (7-10) Find the measure of the angle to the nearest degrees and minutes.
7. sin 𝜃 = 0.53 ____________________

8. cos 𝜃 = 0.59 ____________________
9. tan 𝜃 = 11.43 ____________________
10. cos 𝜃 = 0.91 ____________________
Activity 4: Try Me!

Directions: Use the given figure to solve for what is asked.
For nos. 1 and 2

B
c
a
A b C
1. If c = 15 cm and b = 10.2 cm, what are the following?

Solution Value of the ratio Measure in nearest
degree (a&b)
a. ∠𝐴 _________________ _________________ __________________

b. ∠𝐵 _________________ _________________ __________________
c. a (answer in two _________________ _________________ __________________
decimal places)
9
2. If ∠𝐵 = 65°, 𝑎 = 18 𝑐𝑚, solve for the following:
(For a and b, express answers in 2 decimal places)
Solution Value in ratio Length of side
a. b _____________ _____________ _____________
b. c _____________ _____________ _____________
c. tan B _____________ _____________
d. cos B _____________ _____________
e. csc B _____________ _____________
Reflection:
Many of us are disappointed when we do complex problems. More often, it is not a lack
of knowledge and ability, but our own attitude towards our goal that stops us. Remember that
DILIGENCE and DETERMINATION are two powerful virtues that keep us going. Relate the
preceding statement to your experiences on these activities.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Reference
Grade 9 Mathematics Learner’s Module, Department of Education
10
Answer Key
Activity 1
A. B.
1. ∠𝐴 & ∠𝐴𝑆𝑉 1. ∠𝐸 & ∠𝑉𝑆𝐸
2. 𝐴𝑉̅̅̅̅, 𝑆𝑉
̅̅̅̅ 2. 𝑆𝑉̅̅̅̅ , 𝑉𝐸
̅̅̅̅
3. 𝐴𝑆̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
3. 𝑆𝐸
4. ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝑉 4. ̅̅̅̅
𝑉𝐸
5. 𝑆𝑉̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
5. 𝑆𝑉
6. 𝑆𝑉̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
6. 𝑆𝑉
7. 𝐴𝑉̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
7. 𝑉𝐸
8. cosine 8. cotangent
9. tangent 9. secant
10. secant 10. tangent
Activity 2
A. B.
𝑟 𝑜
1. 6. 15
𝑜
𝑚
𝑚
𝑟
1. o or ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝑅 = sin 65°
2. 7. 15
𝑟
𝑟
𝑚
𝑜 2. r or ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝑂 = tan 65°
3. 8.
𝑜
𝑚
𝑟
𝑚
3. 25°
4. 9. 15
𝑟 𝑜 4. o or ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝑅 = cos 25°
𝑜 𝑟
5. 10. 𝑚 5. ̅̅̅̅̅ = 15 tan 25°
r or 𝑀𝑂
𝑟
Activity 3
A. B.
1. 0.07 7. 32°0′
2. 1.11 8. 53°50′
3. 0.97 9. 84°59’
4. 2.56 10. 24°29’
5. 1.43
6. 1.02
Activity 4
Value of Ratio Measure in nearest degree/ length of side
1. a. cos A = 0.68 47°
b. sin B = 0.68 43°
c. a = 15 sin 47° or a = 10.2 tan 47° 10.97 cm or 10. 94
2. a. b=18 tan 65° 38.60 cm
48 42.59 cm
b. c= or c = √1813.96
cos 65°
c. 2.14
d. 0.42
e. 1.10
Prepared by:
AGNES M. TALDE
Writer
11
MATHEMATICS GRADE 9
Name of Learner: ______________________________ Grade Level: _____________
Section: ______________________________________ Date: ___________________
Finding the Geometric Ratios of Special Right Triangles

In this lesson you will use the concepts of the previous lesson on the six trigonometric
ratios. There are two triangles that will be used in this lesson; the isosceles right triangle
whose angles measure 45° − 45° − 90° and a triangle whose angles measure 30° − 60° −
90°.
Key Concepts:
The following sides of special right triangles are related as follows:
A. The 45° − 45° − 90° triangle (Isosceles Right Triangle)
Let a and b are the legs, and c is the hypotenuse.

45° c Remember:
a 𝑎≅𝑏
𝑐 = 𝑎√2 or 𝑏√2
45°
b
Examples: Use the given figure to find measures of unknown sides.

1. Find c and b, if 𝑎 = 3
Solution:
Solve the value of a: Since 𝑎 ≅ 𝑏
then 𝑏 = 3
Solve the value of c
𝑐 = 𝑎√2
𝒄 = 𝟑√𝟐 Substitute the value of a
2. If 𝑐 = 4√2, find the value of a and b.

Solution:
Since 𝑐 = 𝑎√2 or 𝑏√2
then a and b are both 4.
3. Solve for a, if 𝑐 = 8.
Solution: If c=8, then use 𝑐 = 𝑎√2 to solve for a
𝑐 = 𝑎√2
𝑐 = 8√2 Substitute 8 to c
8 𝑎√2
= Divide both sides by √2
√2 √2
8 √2
∙ =𝑎 Rationalize the denominator by
√2 √2
multiplying both the numerator and
denominator by √2
12
8√2
=𝑎 Simplify
√4
8√2
=𝑎
2
𝟒√𝟐 = 𝒂
The value of 𝑎 = 4√2, then 𝑏 = 4√2.
4. If 𝑐 = 2√5, solve for the value of a.

Solution: If 𝑐 = 2√5, then use 𝑐 = 𝑎√2
2√5 = 𝑎√2 Substitute 2√5 to c
2√5 𝑎√2
= Use same procedure in no. 3
√2 √2
2√5 √2
∙ =𝑎
√2 √2
2√10
=𝑎 Simplify
√4
2√10
=𝑎
2
√𝟏𝟎 = 𝒂
B. The 30° − 60° − 90° triangle
a
60°
Let a and b are the legs

b a is the shorter leg
c
30° b is the longer leg
c is the hypotenuse
Remember these:
a is the side opposite smallest angle 30°
b is the side opposite the larger angle 60°
c is the side opposite the largest angle 90°
𝑐
𝑎 = 2 or shorter leg is one-half the hypotenuse
𝑏 = 𝑎√3 or the longer leg is the length of a multiplied by √3
𝑐 = 2𝑎 or the hypotenuse is twice the length of the shorter leg
Examples: Use the given figure to find measures of unknown sides.

b
30°
a
c
60°
1. If 𝑎 = 5, then 𝑏 = 𝑎√3 and 𝑐 = 2𝑎. Find the value of b and c.

𝑏 = 𝑎√3 𝑐 = 2𝑎
𝒃 = 𝟓√𝟑 𝑐 = 2(5)
𝒄 = 𝟏𝟎
2. If 𝑏 = 9, solve for a and c.
Use 𝑏 = 𝑎√3
13
9 𝑎√3
=
√3 √3
9 √3
∙ =𝑎 Rationalize
√3 √3
9√3
=𝑎
√9
9√3
=𝑎 Simplify
3
𝟑√𝟑 = 𝒂
Solve for c
𝑐 = 2𝑎
𝑐 = 2(3√3)
𝒄 = 𝟔√𝟑
3. If 𝑐 = 2√5, solve for a and b
Use 𝑐 = 2𝑎
2√5 = 2𝑎 Substitute c
2√5 2𝑎
2
= 2
Simplify
√𝟓 = 𝒂
Solve for b, then use 𝑏 = 𝑎√3

𝑏 = (√5)(√3)
𝒃 = √𝟏𝟓
4. Apply both special right triangles to the figure.
k m
45° 60°
h
45° 30°
g n
4.1 In 45° − 45° − 90° triangle, g and h are legs, k is the hypotenuse.
Given 𝑘 = 12, solve for g and h.
Use 𝑐 = 𝑎√2 or 𝑘 = 𝑔√2, since k is the hypotenuse.
𝑘 = 𝑔√2
12 𝑔√2
2
=
√ √2
12 √2
∙ =𝑔
√2 √2
12√2
=𝑔
√4
12√2
=𝑔
2
𝟔 √𝟐 = 𝒈
Since 𝑔 ≅ ℎ, then 𝒉 = 𝟔√𝟐
4.2 In 30° − 60° − 90° triangle, find the measure of m and n if:
h is the shorter leg ℎ = 2𝑚 Note: Another variables represent
n is the longer leg 𝑛 = ℎ√3 the lengths of the sides
m is the hypotenuse 𝑚=2
14
Since ℎ = 6√2, then substitute this value to solve for n and m.
𝑛 = ℎ√3 𝑚 = 2ℎ
𝑛 = (6√2)(√3) 𝑚 = 2(6√2)
𝒏 = 𝟔√𝟔 𝒎 = 𝟏𝟐√𝟐
In the next activity, you will study how to find the trigonometric ratio of special
angles to find the trigonometric ratios of special angles. We will have simple recall on the six
trigonometric ratios or functions.
cosine or cos secant or sec
sine or sin cosecant or csc
tangent or tan cotangent or cot
Remember these:
Reciprocal
1
cos 𝜃 → 𝑥 sec 𝜃 →
𝑥
1
sin 𝜃 → 𝑦 csc 𝜃 →
𝑦
𝑦 𝑥
tan 𝜃 → 𝑥 cot 𝜃 →
𝑦
Coordinates of Special Angles.

Angle Coordinates
30° √3 1
( , )
2 2
60° 1 √3
( , )
2 2
45° √2 √2
( , )
2 2
Note: x y
(cos 𝜃 , sin 𝜃 )
Use the coordinates of special angles in getting the values of the six trigonometric ratios.
Examples: Get the values of the following trigonometric ratios.
√3 1
1. cos 30° Since the coordinates of 30° is ( 2 , 2) and the function is cos 𝜃
√3
which is x, then get .
2
15
√𝟑
Therefore, 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟑𝟎° = 𝟐
√3 1 1
2. sin 30° sin 30° is equal to y in 30° ( 2 , 2) . The y value is 2.
𝟏
Therefore, 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟑𝟎° =
𝟐
3. tan 30° √3 1 𝑦
Use the coordinates of 30° is ( 2 , 2) and tan 𝜃 is 𝑥 .
𝑦
tan 𝜃
𝑥
1
2 1 √3
Substitute 𝑦 = and 𝑥 =
√3 2 2
2
2
Multiply the extremes: 1∙ 2 = 2
2√3
Multiply the means: 2 ∙ √3 = 2√3
2 √3
∙ Rationalize
2√3 √3
2√3
Simplify
2(√9)
2√3 2√3
= 6
2(3)
√3
tan 30° = Answer
3
√𝟑
Therefore, 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟑𝟎° = 𝟑
√2 √2 √2
4. sin 45° Use the coordinates of 45° ( , ). Since sin 𝜃 is y, then get .
2 2 2
√𝟐
Therefore, 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟒𝟓° = 𝟐
16
Explore to the reciprocal functions of cosine, sine and tangent
Examples:
1 √3
1. csc 60° Use the coordinates of 60° (2 , ). Since csc 𝜃 is the reciprocal of
2
1
sin 𝜃 and sin 𝜃 is y, therefore csc 𝜃 = sin 𝜃
1 √3
csc 60° = sin 60° or simply get the reciprocal of 2
1
1 1 2
√3
or √3
= Multiply the extremes: 1 ∙ 2 = 2
√3
2 2
Multiply the means: 1 ∙ √3 = √3
2 √3 2√ 3
∙ = Rationalize
√ 3 √3 √9
𝟐√𝟑
𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝟔𝟎° =
𝟑
2. cot 30° √3 1 𝑦
Coordinates of 30° ( 2 , 2). Since cot 𝜃 is the reciprocal of tan 𝜃 = 𝑥,
𝑥
therefore cot 30° = 𝑦 .
𝑥
cot 30° =
𝑦
√3
2
cot 30° = 1 Substitute
2
2√ 3
Multiply the extremes: 2 ∙ √3 = 2√3
2
Multiply the means: 2 ∙ 1 = 2
Simplify
𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝟑𝟎° = √𝟑
√2 √2
3. 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 45° Coordinates of 45° ( 2 , ). sec 𝜃 is the reciprocal of cos 𝜃.
2
2 √2
sec 45° = Reciprocal of
√2 2
2 2
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 45° = ( 2) Square the value
√
22
2 Law of Exponent
(√2)
4
Simplify
2
𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝟒𝟓° = 𝟐
17
Operations Involving Trigonometric Ratios of Special Angles
Examples: Perform the indicated operations.

1. cos 30° + sin 60° + tan 30°
Solutions:
*find the values of each trigonometric ratio
x y
√3 1
cos 30° Coordinates ( 2 , 2)
√3
value of cos 30° = 2
x y
1 √3
sin 60° Coordinates (2 , 2 )
√3
value of sin 60° =
2
x y
√3 1
tan 30° Coordinates ( 2 , 2)
1
𝑦 2 2 √3 2√3 √3
value of tan 30° = 𝑥 = √3
=2 ∙ =2 =
√3 √3 √9 3
2
√3
value of tan 30° = 3
*combine the values

cos 30° + sin 60° + tan 30°
√3 √3 √3
+ + Substitute the values of the trigonometric ratios
2 2 3
3√3+3√3+3√3
Express in single fraction and get the LCD
6
8√3
Simplify
6
𝟒√𝟑
Answer
𝟑
2. (cot 2 45°)(sec2 30°)

Solution:
*find the values of each trigonometric ratio
𝑥 √2 √2
cot 2 45° = Coordinates ( 2 , )
𝑦 2
√2
𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 45° = 2
√2
2
𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 45° = (1)2 Square the value
value of 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 45° = 1
18
√3 1
sec2 30° Coordinates ( 2 , 2)
sec 𝜃 is the reciprocal of cos 𝜃
2 2
sec2 30° = ( 3) Square the value
√
22
2 Law of Exponent
(√3)
4
value of sec2 30° = 3
*multiply the ratios
(cot 2 45°)(sec2 30°)
4 4
(1) ( ) = Answer
3 3

Finds the trigonometric ratios of special angles (M9GE-IVb-c-1)
Directions: Read and understand carefully the following activities. Answer with honesty.
Activity 1:
A. Fill in the Blanks
Directions: Using special right triangles, fill in the blanks with correct measures of
unknown sides. Note: If your answers are not integers, express in radical forms. In
45° − 45° − 90° triangle, let a and b are the legs, and c is the hypotenuse.
a b c
1. 12 ________ ________
2. ________ 6√2 ________
3. ________ ________ 10
3√2
4. ________ ________
5
3
5. ________ ________
4
In 30° − 60° − 90° triangle, let d be the shorter leg, e be the longer leg and f be the
hypotenuse.
d e f
6. 7 ________ ________
7. ________ 6√3 ________
8. ________ ________ 18
9. 5√2 ________ ________
10. ________ 12 ________
19
B. Practice Makes Perfect
Directions: Find the value of each variable used in the figures. Express answers in
radical forms if they are not integers.
s
1. 45°
Find s _________
t t _________
20
2. Find o _________
p _________
p
5√6
60°
o
3.
Find r _________
45° q _________
24 x
q x _________
30° y _________
r y
Activity 2: You Complete Me

Directions: Use the values in the box to complete the equation. Calculator is not allowed.
1 √2 √3 2√3
√3 2
1 2 2
2 3
√3 3 4 1
3
3 √2 4 4 3 4
1. sin 30° = __________________ 6. cot 45° = __________________

2. cos 45° = __________________ 7. sec 45° = __________________
3. tan 60° = __________________ 8. 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 60° = __________________
4. sin 45° = __________________ 9. 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 30° = __________________
5. sec 60° = __________________ 10. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 45° = __________________
20
Activity 3: Let’s Operate!
Directions: Perform the indicated operation.
Solutions Answers
1. cos 60° − sin 45° ____________________ __________________
2. 2(tan 60°) ____________________ __________________
3. 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 30° + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 245° ____________________ __________________
4. sec 45° + cos 45° ____________________ __________________
5. cot 45° (tan 45° − 3) ____________________ __________________
6. tan 60° + cos 60° ° − sin 60°____________________ __________________
7. (2 cos 45°)(𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 45°) ____________________ __________________
8. 𝑐𝑠𝑐 230° − 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 45° ____________________ __________________
9. 6 cos 30° + 3 sec 60° ____________________ __________________
5 𝑠𝑖𝑛230°+4𝑐𝑜𝑠 245°
10. ____________________ __________________
2 tan 60°
Reflection
Complete the following sentences based on your experiences in this lesson.
1. I have learned that

_____________________________________________________________________
2. I have realized that
_____________________________________________________________________
3. I want to learn more on
_____________________________________________________________________
Reference
Grade 9 Mathematics Learner’s Module, Department of Education
21
Answer Key
Activity 1:
a b c
1. 12 12 12√𝟐
2. 6√𝟐 𝟔√𝟐 12
3. 5√𝟐 5√𝟐 10
3√2 𝟑√𝟐 6
4. 5 𝟓 5
𝟑 3 𝟑√𝟐
5. 𝟒 4 𝟒
d e f
6. 7 𝟕√𝟑 14
7. 𝟑√𝟔 6√3 𝟔√𝟔
8. 9 𝟗√𝟑 18
9. 5√2 𝟓√𝟔 𝟏𝟎√𝟐
10. 𝟒√𝟑 12 𝟖√𝟑
B. Practice Makes Perfect
1. 𝑠 = 10√2
𝑡 = 10√2
2. 𝑜 = 5√2
𝑝 = 10√2
3. 𝑟 = 12√3
𝑞 = 12
𝑥 = 12√2
𝑦 = 12
Activity 2: You Complete Me

1
1. 6. 1
2
√2
2. 7. √2
2
4
3. √3 8. 3
√2
4. 2
9. 3
1
5. 2 10. 2
Activity 3: Let’s Operate
1−√2 √3−1
1. 6.
2 2
√2
2. 2√3 7. 2
3
3. 4 8. 1
3√2
4. 9. 3√3 + 6
2
13√3
5. -2 10. 24
Prepared by:
CRIZALYN JOYCE Q. BARTOLOME
Writer
22
MATHEMATICS GRADE 9
Section: ________________________________________ Date: ___________________
Illustrating Angles of Elevation and Angles of Depression
Suppose you are on the top of a mountain and you left your favorite dog from your
starting point because it was sick. What kind of angle is formed when you looked down?
While thinking about your dog, you saw an airplane flying, what kind of angle is formed when
you looked up?
Let’s find out…..
Line of Sight is an imaginary line that connects the eye of an observer to the object being
observed.
The angle of elevation is the angle between the horizontal line of sight and the line of sight up
to an object.
For example, if you are standing on the ground looking up at a flying airplane, you could
measure the angle of elevation.
Angle of Depression. The "downwards" angle from the horizontal to a line of sight from the
observer to some point of interest.
For example, if you are on a top of a mountain and you are looking down at a certain point
below the ground, you could measure the angle of depression.
Example:
23
Illustrates angles of elevation and angles of depression. (M9GE-IVd-1)
Directions: Read, study carefully and understand the following activities. The activities
provided should be done within 5 days. Please answer with HONESTY.
ACTIVITY 1: ELEVATION OR DEPRESSION?

Directions: In the following figures, identify whether the angle formed illustrates angle of
elevation or angle of depression. Write your answer on the space provided.
1. 4.
________________________________ __________________________________
2. 5.
5.
________________________________ _______________________________
3.
________________________________
24
ACTIVITY 2: IDENTIFY ME!
Directions: In the following figures, identify the segment that represents the line of sight and
name the angle that represents the angle of elevation or angle of depression.
Figure Write E if it shows Angle Line of Sight

angle of Elevation
and D if depression
A B
C D
P
N
K L
𝜃
M N
X Y
25
ACTIVITY 3: ILLUSTRATE ME?
Directions: Given the following real-life situations, identify whether it illustrates angle of
elevation or angle of depression. Write AE if it shows angle of elevation and AD if it shows
angle of Depression.
1. A boy who is up on the tree while looking at his sister picking up fruits on the ground.
2. A swimmer looking at a flying bird.
3. Couples looking at the stars in the sky.
4. A man on the 15th floor of a building looking at a car below the building.
5. A little girl looking at her balloons while crying because she lost it.
ACTIVITY 4:
Directions: Illustrate the following real-life situations involving angle of elevation and angle
of depression. Use a separate sheet for your answer.
1. From a point 80 m from the base of a 2. A kite is flying at an angle of

tower, the angle of elevation to the top elevation of about 55°.
of the tower is 28°
3. A man in a hot air balloon 20,000 ft. in 4. Kaitlyn is swimming in the

the air sees a tree below at an angle of ocean and notices a coral reef
depression of 11°. below her. The angle of depression
is 35° and the depth of the ocean,
at that point is 350 feet.
5. The angle of depression from the top

of an apartment building to the base of a
fountain in a nearby park is 72°.
Rubrics for Scoring
CRITERA Understanding Understanding Understanding No

of concept can of concept can of concept, but understanding
apply accurately apply but not able to
commit errors apply
in calculation
(4) (3) (2) (1)
Able to draw
figure for the
given word
problem and
explain.
26
Reflection
Answer the following questions:
1. How will you relate angle of elevation in real life?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. How will you relate angle of depression in real life?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
References
Learners Material for Mathematics Grade 9 pp.194-197, 206-209, 213-214,220
https://www.mathsisfun.com/definitions/angle-of
depression.html#:~:text=Angle%20of%20Depression-
,Angle%20of%20Depression,called%20an%20Angle%20of%20Elevation.
https://www.google.com/search?q=angle+of+depression&oq=angle+of+depression&aqs=chr
ome..69i57j0l6j69i60.3609j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
https://www.google.com/search?sxsrf=ALeKk00VLyZfyXBwhIqkaN_LrYOsYSwVtg%3A1
594694624903&ei=4BsNX-
fcNtGHoASavp6ADg&q=angle+of+elevation&oq=angle+of+elevation&gs_lcp=CgZwc3ktY
WIQAzIECCMQJzIECCMQJzIECCMQJzIFCAAQsQMyBwgAEBQQhwIyAggAMgIIADI
CCAAyAggAMgIIADoECAAQQzoECAAQCjoKCAAQsQMQFBCHAjoICAAQsQMQkQI
6BQgAEJECUJYDWO4rYM4vaABwAHgCgAHCBogBnTGSAQ4wLjEwLjIuMi4wLjIuM
5gBAKABAaoBB2d3cy13aXo&sclient=psy-
ab&ved=0ahUKEwjnzJG13MvqAhXRA4gKHRqfB-AQ4dUDCAw&uact=5
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalcworkshop.com%2Ftrigonomet
ric-functions%2Fangles-of-elevation-and-
depression%2F&psig=AOvVaw3bjONQBJtFPnodPCGf9GTY&ust=1595479826244000&so
urce=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCJiWgteH4OoCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fmathbitsnotebook.com%2FGeome
try%2FTrigonometry%2FTGElevDepress.html&psig=AOvVaw2cZp9X7OnubxSbbasD0PlD
&ust=1595480882311000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCPCVlNmL4O
oCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD
http://www.morganparkcps.org/ourpages/auto/2013/4/22/46621393/Geo%204-22%20-
13%20%2011_3_Angles_of_Elevation_and_Depression.pdf
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fmathbitsnotebook.com%2FGeome
try%2FTrigonometry%2FTGElevDepress.html&psig=AOvVaw2cZp9X7OnubxSbbasD0PlD
&ust=1595480882311000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCPCVlNmL4O
oCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAT
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=http%3A%2F%2Fmathbitsnotebook.com%2FGeomet
ry%2FTrigonometry%2F&psig=AOvVaw2cZp9X7OnubxSbbasD0PlD&ust=159548088231
27
1000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCPCVlNmL4OoCFQAAAAAdAAA
AABAZ
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3F
v%3D17_2eXS-G-
k&psig=AOvVaw2ZR58APYGF40QHZI0drOv4&ust=1595484256228000&source=images
&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCJDA56OY4OoCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAV
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=http%3A%2F%2Fmathbitsnotebook.com%2FGeomet
ry%2FTrigonometry%2F&psig=AOvVaw28OWtkp3KTgPlXvQkcv8aR&ust=15954843072
64000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCIjJrbGY4OoCFQAAAAAdAAAA
ABAy
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ontrack-
media.net%2Fgateway%2Fgeometry%2Fg_gm5l4s4.html&psig=AOvVaw28OWtkp3KTgPl
XvQkcv8aR&ust=1595484307264000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCIjJ
rbGY4OoCFQAAAAAdAAAAABA7
28
Answer Key
ACTIVITY 1
1. Angle of Elevation
2. Angle of Depression
4. Angle of Depression
ACTIVITY 2
Figure Write E if it shows Angle Line of Sight
angle of Elevation
and D if depression
A B
D ∠𝐵𝐴𝐷 ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐷
C D
E ∠CAB ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐶
𝜃
P E ∠MPN ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝑃
N
K L
𝜃
∠KLM ̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝐿
M N D
W
∠WXY ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑋𝑊
E
X Y
29
ACTIVITY 3
1. AD
2. AE
3. AE
4. AD
5. AE
ACTIVITY 4
1.
28°
2.
55°
3.
11°
4. 35°
5.
72°
Prepared by:
MAYLEEN V. YANTO
Writer
30
MATHEMATICS GRADE 9
Section: ________________________________________ Date: ___________________
Using Trigonometric Ratios to Solve Real-Life Problems Involving Right Triangles

You have learned on how to illustrate situations that involves angle of elevation and
depression. You are now ready to use those concepts in solving problems.
How to solve word problems that involve angle of elevation or depression?

Step 1: Draw a sketch of the situation.
Step 2: Mark in the given angle of elevation or depression.
Step 3: Use trigonometry to find the required missing length
Example 1: A ramp for unloading a moving truck, has an angle of elevation of 30°. If the top
of the ramp is 1 m above the ground level, then find the length of the ramp.
Solution :
1m
The side which is opposite to 90 degrees is known as hypotenuse side, the side which is
opposite to θ is known as opposite side and the remaining side is known as adjacent side.
In the given problem, you have to find the length of hypotenuse side and we know the length
of opposite side.
AC = Hypotenuse side
AB = Opposite side
BC = Adjacent side
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
sin θ = ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
𝐴𝐵
𝑠𝑖𝑛 30° =
𝐴𝐶
1 1𝑚
=
2 𝐴𝐶
𝐴𝐶 = 1𝑚 ∙ 2
𝐴𝐶 = 2 𝑚
Therefore, the length of ramp is 2 m.
31
Example 2:
From the top of a vertical cliff 40 m high, the angle of depression of an object that is level
with the base of the cliff is 30º. How far is the object from the base of the cliff?
Solution:
30°
o
i
30°
∠𝑃𝑂𝐵 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝐴𝑃𝑂 are alternate interior angles thus they are congruent.
In the given problem, you have to find the measure of the adjacent side in relation to the
reference angle.
̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝐴 =Opposite side
̅̅̅̅ =Hypotenuse
𝑂𝑃
̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝑃 =Adjacent side
Solution:
Let x be the distance of the object from the base of the cliff
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 =
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑂𝐴
tan 30° =
𝐴𝑃
√3 40𝑚
=
3 𝑥
𝑥√3 = 3(40𝑚)
120𝑚
𝑥=
√3
120 √3
𝑥= ∙
√3 √3
120√3
𝑥=
3
𝑥 = 40√3 𝑚
Therefore, the object is 40√3 𝑚 away from the tower
32
Example 3:
While you are swimming one day you spot a coin at the bottom of the pool. The pool is ten
feet deep, and the angle between the top of the water and the coin is 15°. How far is the coin
away from you along the bottom of the pool?
YOU x
x COIN
Since the distance along the bottom of the pool to the coin is the same as the distance along
the top of the pool to the coin, we can use the tangent function to solve for the distance to the
coin.
Use tan 15°=2 − √3
Solution:
Let x = the distance of the coin away from you along the bottom of the pool
𝑜
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 =
𝑎
10
tan 15° =
𝑥
10
𝑥=
tan 15°
10
𝑥=
2 − √3
Rationalize:
10 2 + √3
𝑥= ∙
2 − √3 2 + √3
20 + 10√3
𝑥=
4−3
20 + 10√3
𝑥=
1
𝒙 = 𝟐𝟎 + 𝟏𝟎√𝟑
Therefore, the coin is 20 + 10√3 away from you along the bottom of the pool.
33
Example 4:
A 70-foot building casts a 50-foot shadow. What is the angle that the sun hits the
building?
70 ft
Opposite: 70 ft
Adjacent: 50 ft
x
50 ft
Solution:
Let 𝜽 = the angle that the sun hits the building
𝑜
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 =
𝑎
70
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 =
50
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = 1.4
In your calculator, press Shift, tan, 1.4, =.

𝜽 ≈ 𝟓𝟒. 𝟒𝟔°
Therefore, the angle that the sun hits the building is approximately 54.46°.
Remember:
TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF COMMON ANGLES
34
Uses Trigonometric Ratios to solve real-life problems involving right triangles. (M9GE-IVe-
1)
Directions: Read, study carefully and understand the following activities. The activities
provided should be done within 2 weeks. PLEASE USE THE TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS
OF THE ANGLES.
ACTIVITY 1: What’s the measure of my angle?

Directions: In each of the following illustrations, determine the measure of the unknown angle
and identify if it is an angle of elevation or angle of depression.
1.
𝑥 =_________
______________________
x
2.
𝑥 =________
______________________
𝑦 = __________
______________________
x
3.
𝑥 =________
______________________
4.
𝑦 = ________
__________________
35
y
5.
𝑥 =________
__________________
Activity 2: Let’s go to Quirino!
The photo on the right side is one of Quirino’s pride. To reveal the
name of this waterfalls, you must solve for the value of x in the
following figures using the trigonometric ratios. Write the letter
of your answer on the decoder below.
____ ____ ____ ____ _____ _____ ____ ____ ____ _____ ____
3 10 6 5 4 1 8 2 7 7 9
1. 45° 6.
8cm
2cm
x 60°
2. x 7.
6cm 12cm
30°
5cm x°
3. 8.
60°
45°
x
x 3√2 cm
4m
36
4. 9.
x x° 8cm
6cm 4cm
45°
5. 10.
4cm 7cm
30° x°
x 7cm
L A S N A O G A N F
30° 6 60° 4√3 √3 2 8 6√2 4√3 45°
10 3
Activity 3: Draw and Solve Me!
Draw the pictures presented by the information in the problems given. Clear, neat and
accurate illustrations are necessary. Label the given parts in the problem and determine which
trigonometric ratio will be used then solve.
1. From the top of the tower 30 m height a man is observing the base of a tree at an angle
of depression measuring 30 degree. Find the distance between the tree and the tower.
2. You are standing 20 feet away from a tree, and you measure the angle of elevation is
45°. How tall is the tree if you are 5 feet tall up to your eyes?
3. Eric is flying his kite one afternoon and notices that he has let out the entire 100 ft of
string. The angle his string makes with the ground is 60∘. How high is his kite at this
time from his outstretched arms?
4. A 50 foot building casts an 50 foot shadow. What is the angle that the sun hits the
building?
5. You are standing 10 feet away from a tower, and you measure the angle of elevation
to be 60°. How tall is the tower? Assume you are 5 feet tall up to your eyes.
37
Rubrics:
CRITERA Understanding Understanding Understanding No

of concept can of concept can of concept, but understanding
apply accurately apply but not able to
commit errors apply
in calculation
(4) (3) (2) (1)
Able to draw
figure or
illustrate the
problem.
Apply the
knowledge of
trigonometric
ratios.
Activity 4: Solve and Match Me!
Directions: Match the given problems to their respective answers below to complete the
quote by Edwin Louis Cole.
1.A 15 meter post cast a 18- 3.A tree struck by 4.From the top of a cliff 250
meter shadow. Find the angle lightning in a storm meters high, the angle of
of elevation to the sun. breaks and falls over to depression of a boat is 30°.
form a triangle with the How far from the base of the
ground. The tip of the cliff is the boat?
tree makes a 36∘ angle
2.From an airplane at an with the ground 25 ft
altitude of 1500 m, the angle of 5.The angle of elevation from a
from the base of the
depression to a rock on the fishing boat to the top of a 90-
tree. What was the
ground is 20°. Find the meter light house is 15°. How
height of the tree to the
horizontal distance from the nearest foot? far is the boat from the base of
plane to the rock. the lighthouse?
you drown you don’t by falling by staying there in the water

drown
“___________ _____________ _______________ _____________ _____________”

1 2 3 4 5
38
Activity 5: Let’s work it out!
Solve the given problems below.
PROBLEM SOLUTION ANSWER

1. A ladder 5 meters long
leans against a tree. If the
foot of the ladder makes an
angle of 50° with the
ground, how far is the base
of the ladder from the tree?
2. A man, 1.2 meters tall is

in the top of a 3-story house.
He observes a bicycle at an
angle of 40°. If the house is
12 meters high, how far is
the bicycle from the house?
3. A tower casts a shadow

that is 60 feet long when the
angle of elevation of the sun
is 65˚. How tall is the tower?
4. An 8 foot ladder is
leaning against a wall. The
ladder makes a 53° angle
with the wall. How high
does the ladder reach?
5. A 55 ft wire connects a
point on the ground to the
top of the pole. The cable
makes an angle of 60° with
the ground. Find the height
of the pole.
39
RUBRICS FOR SCORING:
4 3 2 1
Trigonometric ratios Trigonometric ratios Trigonometric ratios Trigonometric
used are accurate and used are accurate but used are accurate but ratios used are
the solution is correct. not all are solved are not solved accurate but are not
correctly. correctly. solved.
Reflection:
What have you learned from the activities?

_____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________
https://www.onlinemath4all.com/trigonometry-word-problems-with-solutions.html
https://www.onlinemath4all.com/trigonometry-word-problems-worksheet-angle-of-elevation-and-
depression.htmlhttps://www.ck12.org/trigonometry/angles-of-elevation-and-
depression/lesson/Angles-of-Elevation-and-Depression-TRIG/
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffullpackedman.blogspot.com%2F2017%2F0
8%2Fquirino-
province.html&psig=AOvVaw2D55QEUbWo2tVFW4g8Hjib&ust=1596526120380000&source=images
&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCMDIhNnB_uoCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAX
https://www.cbsd.org/cms/lib010/PA01916442/Centricity/Domain/2075/Right%20Triangle%20Appli
cation%20Notes.pdf
http://www.onlinemathlearning.co/basic-trigonometric-ratios.html
40
ANSWER KEY
ACTIVITY 1
1. x=50° Angle of Depression
2. x=15° Angle of Elevation
y=10° Angle of Elevation
3. x=40° Angle of Depression
4. y=53° Angle of Elevation
5. x=27° Angle of Elevation
ACTIVITY 2
GANANO FALLS
ACTIVITY 3
Illustrations may vary
√3
1. 3
2. 25 feet
3. 60√3
4. 45°
5. 10
ACTIVITY 4
"You don't drown by falling in the water; you drown by staying there."
ACTIVITY 5
𝑎 𝑜 𝑜
1. cos 𝜃 = ℎ 3. tan 𝜃 = 𝑎 5. sin 𝜃 = ℎ
cos 50°=x/5 tan 65°=x/60 sin
60=x/55
5 cos 50°=x 60 tan 65° or x=55 sin
60
55√3
or x≈3.21 m x≈ 128.67 𝑓𝑡 x= ft
2
𝑜 𝑜
2. tan 𝜃 = 𝑎 4. sin 𝜃 = ℎ
tan 40°=x/13.2 tan 53°=x/8ft
13.2 tan 40° or x=8sin 53° ft or
x≈ 11.07𝑚 x≈ 6.39 𝑓𝑡
Prepared by:
MAYLEEN V. YANTO
Writer
41
MATHEMATICS GRADE 9
Section: ______________________________________ Date: ___________________

Oblique Triangles: Law of Sines and Cosines
An oblique triangle is a triangle which does not contain any right angle. Oblique
triangles may be classified into two – acute and obtuse. An acute triangle is a triangle whose
angle measures are all less than 90°. An obtuse triangle is a triangle in which one of the angles
measures greater than 90°.
55° 35°
85° 40° 120°

25°
ACUTE TRIANGLE
OBTUSE TRIANGLE
I. LAW OF SINES
Consider an oblique triangle with side a opposite to angle A, side b opposite to
angle B and side c opposite to angle C.
B
c
a
A
C
b
In any oblique triangle, a side divided by the sine of the angle opposite it, is equal to
any other side divided by the sine of the opposite angle.
𝒂 𝒃 𝒄
= =
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑨 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑩 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑪
42
In applying the law of sines, use only two of the three terms at once or in any of these
conditions.
1. if two angles and a side are known: or
2. if two sides and an angle opposite to one of them are known.
Example 1. Two angles and a side are known.
Find the missing parts of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶.

B
c
a =6
42° 70°
A C
b
SOLUTION:
Since, side b and ∠𝐵 are not yet given, we can use the formula
𝑎 𝑐
=
sin 𝐴 sin 𝐶
6 𝑐 Substitute the given values.

= sin 70°
sin 42°
c sin 42° = 6 sin 70° Cross multiply
Compute for the values of sin 42° and

sin 70° using a scientific calculator
0.6991 c = 6 (0.9397)
AGREEEMENT: In computing for the sine
of any angle, Let us take 4 decimal places.
0.6991 c = 5.6382 Simplify the resulting equation.
5.6382
c= Solve for c.
0.6991
c = 8.43
43
𝑎 𝑏
To solve for side b, the formula to be used is sin 𝐴 = sin 𝐵. Notice that ∠𝐵 is unknown.
The sum of the measures of the three interior angles of a triangle is 180°. Therefore,
∠𝐴 + ∠𝐵 + ∠𝐶 = 180°
42° + ∠𝐵 + 70° = 180°
112° + ∠𝐵 = 180°
∠𝐵 = 180° − 112°
∠𝑩 = 68°
We can now solve for side b.
𝑎 𝑏
= sin 𝐵
sin 𝐴
6 𝑏
= sin 68°
sin 42°
b sin 42° = 6 sin 68°
0.6991 b = 6 (0.9272)
0.6991 b = 5.5632
5.5632
b= 0.6991
b = 8.31
Example 2. Two angles and the included side B
Find the missing parts of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶. 30°
c=7
a
70°
C
A b
SOLUTION:
Since the measures of the two angles are known, the measure of the third angle is
determined by:
∠𝐴 + ∠𝐵 + ∠𝐶 = 180°
70° + 30° + ∠𝐶 = 180°
100° + ∠𝐶 = 180°
∠𝐶 = 180° − 100°
∠𝑪 = 80°
44
To solve for side a, we can use:
𝑎 𝑐
=
sin 𝐴 sin 𝐶
𝑎 7 Substitute the given values.

=
sin 70° sin 80°
a sin 80° = 7 sin 70° Cross multiply
0.9848 a = 7 (0.9397)
Compute for the values of sin 80° and
sin 70° using a scientific calculator
AGREEEMENT: In computing for the
sine of any angle, Let us take 4 decimal
places.
0.9848 a = 6.5779 Simplify the resulting equation.
6.5779
a= Solve for a.
0.9848
a = 6.68
To solve for b, we can use:
𝑏 𝑐
=
sin 𝑏 sin 𝐶
𝑏 7
=
sin 30 ° sin 80°
b sin 80° = 7 sin 30°
0.9848 b = 7(0.5)
3.5
b = 0.9848
b = 3.55
45
Example 3. Two sides and an angle opposite to one of them are known.
Find the missing parts of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 B
c = 20
a = 12
110°
A C
b
SOLUTION:
To solve for ∠𝐴 we can use the formula,
𝑎 𝑐
=
sin 𝐴 sin 𝐶
12 20 Substitute the given values.
= sin 110°
sin 𝐴
20 sin 𝐴 = 12 sin 110° Cross multiply
20 sin 𝐴 = 12 (0.9397)
Compute for the values of sin 110°using
a scientific calculator
AGREEEMENT: In computing for the
sine of any angle, Let us take 4 decimal
places.
11.2764 Simplify the resulting equation.

sin 𝐴 = 20
Solve for A.
sin 𝐴 = 0.5638
In your scientific calculator,
press the SHIFT button and then
𝐴 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 0.5638 sin 0.5638 to get the measure of
the angle.
𝑨 = 𝟑𝟒. 𝟑𝟐°
46
Using the concept that the sum of the interior angles of a triangle is 180°, we have,
∠𝐴 + ∠𝐵 + ∠𝐶 = 180°
34.32° + ∠𝐵 + 110° = 180°
144.32 ° + ∠𝐵 = 180°
∠𝐵 = 180° − 144.32°
∠𝑩 = 35.68 °
To solve for b,
𝑏 𝑐
=
sin 𝐵 sin 𝐶
𝑏 20
=
sin 35.68° sin 110
b sin 110 = 20 sin 35.68°
0.9397 b = 20 ( 0.5833)
11.666
b = 0.9397
b = 12.41
B. LAW OF COSINES
Consider an oblique triangle with side a opposite to angle A, side b opposite to angle B
and side c opposite to angle C. B
c
a
A
b C
The square of any side is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides minus twice the
product of these sides and the cosine of the angle between them.
𝒂𝟐 = 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 − 𝟐𝒃𝒄(𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝑨)
𝒃𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 − 𝟐𝒂𝒄(𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝑩)
𝒄𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟐𝒂𝒃(𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝑪)
47
The law of cosines can be used in the following situations:
1. Two sides and the included angle are known.
2. Three sides are known.
Example 1. Two sides and the included angle are known.

A
b
c=9
120°
B C
a = 15
SOLUTION:
To solve for b, we use:
𝑏2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑐 2 − 2𝑎𝑐(cos 𝐵)
𝑏2 = 152 + 92 − 2(15)(9)(cos 120°) Substitute the given values.
𝑏2 = 225 + 81 − 2(270)(−0.5) Simplify the resulting equation.
𝑏2 = 306 + 135
𝑏2 = 441 Extract the square root.
𝒃 = 𝟐𝟏
To solve for ∠𝐴, we use:

𝑎2 = 𝑏2 + 𝑐 2 − 2𝑏𝑐(cos 𝐴)
152 = 212 + 92 − 2(21)(9)(cos 𝐴) Substitute the given values.
225 = 441 + 81 − 378(cos 𝐴) Simplify the resulting equation.
225 = 522 − 378(cos 𝐴)
378(cos 𝐴) = 522 − 225
297
cos 𝐴 =
378
48
cos 𝐴 = 0.7857 Solve for A.
𝐴 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 0.7857 In your scientific calculator,

cos 0.7857 to get the measure of
𝑨 = 𝟑𝟖. 𝟐𝟏°
the angle.
Since we already determined ∠𝐴 and ∠𝐵, to solve for ∠𝐶,

∠𝐴 + ∠𝐵 + ∠𝐶 = 180°
38.21° + 120° + ∠𝐶 = 180°
158.21° + ∠𝐶 = 180°
∠𝐶 = 180° − 158.21°
𝑪 = 𝟐𝟏. 𝟕𝟗°
Example 2. Three sides are known.
B
c=7
a=3
A C
b=8
SOLUTION:
To solve for ∠𝐴, we use:
𝑎2 = 𝑏2 + 𝑐 2 − 2𝑏𝑐(cos 𝐴)
32 = 82 + 72 − 2(8)(7)(cos 𝐴) Substitute the given values.
9 = 64 + 49 − 112(cos 𝐴) Simplify the resulting equation.
9 = 113 − 112(cos 𝐴)
112(cos 𝐴) = 113 − 9
104
cos 𝐴 =
112 Solve for A.
cos 𝐴 = 0.9826
cos 0.9826 to get the measure of
𝐴 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 0.9826 the angle.
49
𝑨 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟕𝟎°
To solve for ∠𝐵, we use:
𝑏2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑐 2 − 2𝑎𝑐(cos 𝐵)
82 = 32 + 72 − 2(3)(7)(cos 𝐵) Substitute the given values.
64 = 9 + 49 − 42(cos 𝐵) Simplify the resulting equation.

64 = 58 − 42(cos 𝐵)
42(cos 𝐵) = 58 − 64
−6
cos 𝐵 =
42
Solve for B.
cos 𝐵 = −0.1429
𝐵 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1
− 0.1429 press the SHIFT button and then
cos - 0.1429 to get the measure
𝑩 = 𝟗𝟖. 𝟐𝟐° of the angle.
To solve for ∠𝐶,

∠𝐴 + ∠𝐵 + ∠𝐶 = 180°
10.70° + 98.22 ° + ∠𝐶 = 180°
108.92 ° + ∠𝐶 = 180°
∠𝐶 = 180° − 108.92°
𝑪 = 𝟕𝟏. 𝟎𝟖

Illustrates law of sines and cosines(M9GE-IVf-g-1)
Directions: Read, study carefully and understand the following activities. Answer with
honesty.
50
ACTIVITY 1. WARM-UP:
Directions: Find the missing angle/s and identify whether the triangle is acute, obtuse or
neither.
93
1.
°
34
°
2.
77
43°
3.
44
22
4.
25°
5.
51
Rubrics for Scoring:
1 point for every correct answer
0.5 point for incorrect answer
ACTIVITY 2. WORD HUNT

Search up, down, forward, backward and on the diagonal to find the hidden
keywords for this lesson. Encircle them.
S I N E A K E R T O U T Y C A
Y F E N F R I C H E R C A T O
S I X I A A S H E P D P L H B
T N T S K C T O G E I H O A L
E E R O E U E U D L A A R M I
M T A C D L E U A G S R E U Q
O U O G B A L V C I G S L Z U
A C U T E C U A D V T A G L E
N B R E N V N E L A O S N A S
G E T I R E O A A L T C A Y U
L S R B R A X B V E A A I L N
E A I B A B L A P U G C R A A
S E S U T B O P P O S I T E R
E A L B S V O L T S I L V A N
E C A L C U L A T O R C H O U
HIDDEN WORDS:
1. SINE 2. COSINE 3. OBLIQUE
4. ANGLE 5. SIDE 6. OPPOSITE
7. INCLUDED 8. ACUTE 9. OBTUSE
10. CALCULATOR
ACTIVITY 3. SCIENTIFICALLY CORRECT

Directions:Using a scientific calculator, find the values of each of the following. Answers
should be in four decimal places (nearest ten thousandth).
1. sin 20° 2. cos 120°
3. sin 125° 4. cos 37°
5. sin 92° 6. cos 63.5°
7. sin 46.03 ° 8. cos 7°
9. 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 0.8776 10. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 0.0564

52
ACTIVITY 4. What’s my equation?
Directions: Using law of sines, state an equation that will solve x.
Example :
x 10
77°
43°
Equation:
𝑥 10
=
sin 43° sin 77
12
1.
x 50°
62°
71°
2. x
45°
9
53
95° 15
3.
32
14
4.
130°
3
x 140°
5.
23°
30
54
ACTIVITY 5: COMPLETE ME!
Directions: Use the law of sines to complete the triangle. Round -off your answers in the
nearest hundredth if they are not exact.
1. B
c a = 12
60° 45°
A C
b
C
2.
15°
b
a=4
A 30°
c B
3.
c = 16
a = 12
46°
A C

5 points for every correct answer with solution
2 points for every wrong answer with solution
55
ACTIVITY 6: I’M MISSING YOU!
Directions: Using law if cosines, find the missing part of the triangles. Round-off your answers
in the nearest hundredth if they are not exact.
B
1.
c
a=4
110°
A C
b = 10
C
b=7
2. a=3
A B
c=8

ACTIVITY 7: TIME TO DRAW

Directions: Draw the triangle that best describes each of the situations below. Label the parts.
Solve for the missing parts of the triangles using law of cosines or law of sines.
1. In ∆𝐶𝐴𝑅, CA is 10 cm long and AR is 6 cm and the angle between them measures 40°.
2.In ∆𝐷𝐸𝐹 , DE is 12 cm long, 𝑚∠𝐷 = 30 and 𝑚∠𝐸 = 95.
3. ∆ 𝑃𝑄𝑅 is an isosceles triangle. Its vertex angle Q measures 40 and each leg measures 10 cm
long.
56
3 points for the correct sketch with complete label

2 points for the correct sketch with incomplete label
5points for every correct answer with solution
Reflection
The knowledge you acquired in the previous lessons is essential in answering the
activities presented. Lessons in Mathematics are interconnected. Did you have a hard time
answering some of the activities? ng
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Reference
Mathematics Learner’s Material 9, Department of Education, pp.479-503
Advanced Algebra by Soledad Jose-Dilao, Ed.D. and Julieta Bernabe, pp.220-228
57
ANSWER KEY
ACTIVITY 1. WARM-UP:
1.
93°
OBTUSE
34°
53°
2.
60°
ACUTE
77°
43°
3.
44°
OBTUSE
22°
114°
65°
4. NEITHER ACUTE NOR OBTUSE
25°
60°
5.
ACUTE
60° 60°
58
ACTIVITY 2. WORD HUNT
S I N E A K E R T O U T Y C A
Y F E N F R I C H E R C A T O
S I X I A A S H E P D P L H B
T N T S K C T O G E I H O A L
E E R O E U E U D L A A R M I
M T A C D L E U A G S R E U Q
O U O G B A L V C I G S L Z U
A C U T E C U A D V T A G L E
N B R E N V N E L A O S N A S
G E T I R E O A A L T C A Y U
L S R B R A X B V E A A I L N
E A I B A B L A P U G C R A A
S E S U T B O P P O S I T E R
E A L B S V O L T S I L V A N
E C A L C U L A T O R C H O U
ACTIVITY 3. SCIENTIFICALLY CORRECT

Using a scientific calculator, find the values of each of the following. Answers should
be in four decimal places (nearest ten thousandth).
1. sin 20° = 0.3420 2. cos 120° = - 0.5
3. sin 125° = 0.8192 4. cos 37° = 0.7986
5. sin 92° = 0.9994 6. cos 63.5° = 0.4462
7. sin 46.03 ° = 0.71970 8. cos 7° = 0.9925
−1
9. 𝑠𝑖𝑛 0.8776 = 61.3542 10. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 0.0564 = 86.7668
59
ACTIVITY 4. What’s my equation?
1. 12
𝑥 12
=
x 50° sin 50° sin 62°
62°
71°
x
𝑥 9
=
2. sin 45° sin 71°
45°
95° 15
3. 15 32
=
sin 𝑋 sin 95°
32
X
X
14 3 14
4. =
sin 𝑋° sin 130°
130°
3
x 140° 𝑥 30
=
sin 23° sin 140°
5. 23°
30
60
ACTIVITY 5: COMPLETE ME!
1. B
75°
c = 9.80 a = 12
60° 45°
A C
b = 13.48
C
2.
15°
b= 5.66
a=4
A 30° 135°
c = 2.08 B
B
60.46°
3.
c = 16
a = 12
46°
A
C
b = 14.51
ACTIVITY 6: I’M MISSING YOU!
1. 51.75° B
c = 11.97
a=4
110°
A 18.25° C
b = 10
C
b=7 98.22°
2. a=3
21.78° 60°
A B
c=8
61
ACTIVITY 7: TIME TO DRAW
1. In ∆𝐶𝐴𝑅, CA is 10 cm long and AR is 6 cm and the angle between them measures 40°.
A
40°
10 cm
6 cm
C
35.52° 104.48°
R
6.64 cm
2.In ∆𝐷𝐸𝐹 , DE is 12 cm long, 𝑚∠𝐷 = 30 and 𝑚∠𝐸 = 95.
E
95°
12 cm 7.32 cm
55°
F
30°
D
14.59 cm
3. ∆ 𝑃𝑄𝑅 is an isosceles triangle. Its vertex angle Q measures 40 and each leg measures 10 cm
long.
Q
40°
10 cm
10 cm
70° 70°
P R
6.84 cm
Prepared by:
KING RICHER N. TABABA
Writer
62
MATHEMATICS GRADE 9
Section: ______________________________________ Date: ___________________

Solving Problems Involving Oblique Triangles
There are numerous real-life problems that involves oblique triangles. These problems
can be solved through the concept of law of sines and law of cosines. To solve a problem, there
are steps to be followed.
1. Understanding the problem
As you carefully read the problem. Try to understand the meaning of the
problems and the question that you must answer
A. Identify the given information
B. Identify information asked for
C. Look for keyword or clue words
D. Draw or sketch a picture
2. Choose the right strategy
3. Solve the problem
4. Check the solution
Check on whether the answer makes sense.
EXAMPLE:
Zilong has three sticks measuring 21 cm, 25 cm and 29 cm. He lays them down to form
a triangle. Find the measure of the angle formed by the shortest and the longest stick to the
nearest degree.
SOLUTION:
1. Try to make a simple sketch of the problem.
Label the drawing. Let X be the measure of the angle formed by the shortest and the
longest stick.
21 cm
X
25cm
29cm
63
3. Choose the strategy.
The law of cosines is applicable to the problem because the three sides of the triangle
are known.
4. Solve the problem.
Let X be the measure of the angle formed by the shortest and the longest stick.
Using the law of cosines, (the square of any side is equal to the sum of the squares of
the other two sides minus twice the product of these sides and the cosine of the angle between
them) the equation will be:
252 = 212 + 292 − 2(21)(29)(cos 𝑋)
625 = 441 + 841 − 1218(cos 𝑋)
1218(cos 𝑋) = 12828 − 625
657
cos 𝑋 =
1218
cos 𝑋 = 0.5394
𝑋 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −10.5394
𝑿 = 𝟓𝟕. 𝟑𝟔° 𝒐𝒓 𝟓𝟕°
4. Check if the answer is sensible.
The measure of the angle formed by the shortest and the longest stick is 57°.
EXAMPLE:
A newly-wed couple wants to purchase a piece of land that is triangular in shape. If the
two sides of the lot measures 25 m and 30 m and their included angle is 60 degrees. What is its
area? If the lot costs P 2000.00 per square meter, how much would it cost the couple to buy the
lot?
25 m
60°
30 m
64
REMEMBER:
The area of a triangle is one half the product of any two sides and the sine of the
included angle.
SOLUTION:
1
𝐴= (25 𝑚)(30 𝑚) sin 60°
2
1
𝐴= (750)(0.8660)
2
1
𝐴= (649.5)
2
𝑨 = 𝟑𝟐𝟒. 𝟕𝟓 𝒔𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒔
The area of the triangular lot is 324. 75 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠.
Since the problem is asking how much would it cost, multiply the area by the cost per
square meter.
Cost = 𝟑𝟐𝟒. 𝟕𝟓 𝒔𝒒. 𝒎( 𝑷 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎)

= P 649,500. 00
The triangular lot with an area of 𝟑𝟐𝟒. 𝟕𝟓 𝒔𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒔 to be bought by

the newly-wed couple would cost P 649,500. 00
Solve problems involving oblique triangles (M9GE-IVh-j-1)
Directions: Read, study carefully and understand the following activities. Answer with
honesty.
ACTIVITY 1: Let’s Make it Real!
Directions: Solve the following real-life problems using the laws of sines.
1. A triangular parcel of land with points A, X, and E was to be fenced. No data for the lengths
of AX and AE as shown below in the figure below. How long will be the fencing material to
enclose the lot? How much would it cost if 1 meter of fencing material is worth P 250.00?
X
64°
120 m
A 70°
E 65
2. To find the distance between two points A and B that lies on opposite banks of a river, a
surveyor lays off a line segment AC of length 250 m along one bank and determines that the
measures of angles BAC and ACB are 64° and 43°, respectively. Find the distance from A to
B.

ACTIVITY 2. Find Me Please!

Directions: Below are sketches depicting real life situations. Your task is to find the missing
part indicated in each sketch using law of cosines.
1.
A
40° 13 m
5m C
66
B ?
2.
P 25 m
? Q
?
8m 18 m
?
R

ACTIVITY 3. Try to Apply

Directions: Sketch and solve the following problems using law of cosines or law of sines.
1. Carol wants to buy a farm that is triangular in shape. She has a budget of P 200, 000.00. If
the two sides of the farm measure 18 m and 12 m and the angle between them is 50°, what is
its area? Is her budget enough to buy the land if the farm cost P 1500.00 per square meter?
Justify your answer.
2. King wants to fence his vegetable garden with pipes. The lengths of the pipes are 5 ft, 7 ft
and 10 ft. He placed the pipes and formed a triangle. Find the measures of the angle formed by
the shortest and the longest pipe.
67
3. An isosceles triangular pizza has sides 8 in, 8 in and 3 in. What is the measure of the vertex
angle of the pizza?
2 points for the sketch

ACTIVITY 4. What’s your problem?

Directions: Create a problem situation based on what you see in the illustration below and
present a solution to the problem you made.
1.
80°
22m Lot for

sale
35°
2.
11 m 34°
9m
68
5 points for the problem created

10 points for the solution to the problem
Reflection:
I have learned that…
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Reference
Mathematics Learner’s Material 9, Department of Education, pp.479-503
Advanced Algebra by Soledad Jose-Dilao, Ed.D. and Julieta Bernabe, pp.220-228
69
ANSWER KEY:
ACTIVITY 1: Let’s Make it Real!
1. A triangular parcel of land with points A, X, and E was to be fenced. No data for the lengths
of AX and AE as shown below in the figure below. How long will be the fencing material to
enclose the lot? How much would it cost if 1 meter of fencing material worth P 250.00?
X
64°
120 m
A 70°
E
Solve for the measure of angle E.
∠𝐴 + ∠𝑋 + ∠𝐸 = 180°
70° + 64° + ∠𝐸 = 180°
∠𝐸 = 180° − 134
∠𝐸 = 46°
Let x be the length of side AE,
𝑥 120
=
sin 64 sin 70
x sin 70 = 120 sin 64
𝑥(0.9397) = 120(0.8988)
107.856
𝑥=
0.9397
𝒙 = 𝟏𝟏𝟒. 𝟕𝟖 m
Let e be the length of side AX,

𝑒 120
=
sin 46 sin 70
e sin 70 = 120 sin 46
𝑥(0.9397) = 120(0.7193)
86.316
𝑥=
0.9397
𝒙 = 𝟗𝟏. 𝟖𝟓 𝒎
Length of the fencing material = 114.78 m + 91.85 𝑚 + 120 m

= 326.63 m
The length of the fencing materials to be used is 326.63 m.
Cost of the fencing materials = 326.63 m x P 250.00

= P 81, 657.5
The cost of the fencing materials to be used is P 81, 657.50 m.
70
2. To find the distance between two points A and B that lies on opposite banks of a river, a
surveyor lays off a line segment AC of length 250 m along one bank and determines that the
measures of angles BAC and ACB are 64° and 43°, respectively. Find the distance from A to
B.
A
64°
250 m
B
43°
C
Solve for the measure of angle B.
∠𝐴 + ∠𝐵 + ∠𝐶 = 180°
64° + ∠𝐵 + 43 = 180°
∠𝐵 = 180° − 107
∠𝐵 = 73°
Let x be the distance from A to B.
𝑥 250
=
sin 43 sin 73
x sin 73 = 250 sin 43
𝑥(0.9563) = 250(0.6820)
170.5
𝑥=
0.9563
𝒙 = 𝟏𝟕𝟖. 𝟐𝟗 m
The distance between from A to B is 𝟏𝟕𝟖. 𝟐𝟗 m.
71
ACTIVITY 2. Find Me Please!
1.
A
40° 13 m
5m C
B ?
Let x be the length of AB,
𝑥 2 = 52 + 132 − 2(5)(13)(cos 40)

𝑥 2 = 25 + 169 − 130(0.7660)
𝑥 2 = 194 − 99.58
𝑥 2 = 99,42
𝒙 = 𝟗. 𝟕𝟐 m
The distance between from B to C is 𝟗. 𝟕𝟐 m.
2.
P 25 m
? Q
?
8m 18 m
?
R
Solve for measure of angle Q,
82 = 182 + 252 − 2(18)(25)(cos 𝑄)
64 = 324 + 625 − 900 cos 𝑄
900 cos 𝑄 = 949 − 64
72
885
cos 𝑄 =
900
cos 𝑄 = 0.9833
Q = 10.49°
Solve for measure of angle R,
252 = 82 + 182 − 2(8)(18)(cos 𝑅)
625 = 64 + 324 − 288 cos 𝑅
288 cos 𝑅 = 388 − 625
−237
cos 𝑅 =
288
cos 𝑅 = −0.8229
R = 145.38 °
Solve for measure of angle P,
∠𝑃 + ∠𝑄 + ∠𝑅 = 180°
∠𝑃 + 10.49° + 145.38 ° = 180°
∠𝑃 = 180° − 155.87°
P = 24.14°
ACTIVITY 3. Try To Apply
1. Carol wants to buy a farm that is triangular in shape. She has a budget of P 200, 000.00. If
the two sides of the farm measure 18 m and 12 m and the angle between them is 50°, what is
its area? Is her budget enough to buy the land if the farm cost P 1500.00 per square meter?
Justify your answer.
50°
18 m
12 m
1
𝐴= (18 𝑚)(12 𝑚) sin 50°
2
1
𝐴 = (216)(0.7660)
2
𝐴 = (108) (0.7660)
𝑨 = 𝟖𝟐. 𝟕𝟐𝟖 𝒔𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒔
The area of the farm is 82.728 square meters.
Cost = 82.728 𝑚2 𝑥 𝑃 1,500.00

= P 124,092.00
The cost of the farm is P 124, 092.00. Therefore, the budget of Carol is enough to buy
the farm.
73
2. King wants to fence his vegetable garden with pipes. The lengths of the pipes are 5 ft, 7 ft
and 10 ft. He placed the pipes and formed a triangle. Find the measures of the angle formed by
the shortest and the longest pipe.
X
10 ft
5 ft
7 ft
Let X be the measure of the angle between the shortest and longest pipes
72 = 102 + 52 − 2(10)(5)(cos 𝑋)
49 = 100 + 25 − 100 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑋
100 cos 𝑋 = 125 − 49
76
cos 𝑋 =
100
cos 𝑋 = 0.76
𝑿 = 𝟒𝟎. 𝟓𝟒°
The measure of the angle between the shortest and longest pipe is 𝟒𝟎. 𝟓𝟒°.
3. An isosceles triangular pizza has sides 8 in, 8 in and 3 in. What is the measure of the vertex
angle of the pizza?
X
8 in 8 in
Let X be the measure of the vertex angle. 3 in

32 = 82 + 82 − 2(8)(8)(cos 𝑋)
9 = 64 + 64 − 128 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑋
128 cos 𝑋 = 128 − 9
119
cos 𝑋 =
128
cos 𝑋 = 0.9297
𝑿 = 𝟐𝟏. 𝟔𝟏°
The measure of the vertex angle of the pizza is 21.61°.
74
ACTIVITY 4. What’s your problem?
1.
80°
22m Lot for

sale
35°
2.
11 m 34°
9m
The teacher should assess the problem and solution created by the learner..
Prepared by:
KING RICHER N. TABABA

Writer
75

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9

LEARNING ACTIVTIY SHEETS

Printed by: Curriculum and Learning Management Division

2. Finds the trigonometric ratios of special

3. Illustrates angles of elevation and

4. Uses trigonometric ratios to solve real-

Background Information for Learners

Remember the following:

𝑟 = 10.5 tan 42° Answer

II. Solving a right triangle given two parts.

b. Since ∠𝐴 = 53°, subtract ∠𝐴 from 90° to solve for 𝑚∠𝐵.

c. Solve for a, use the Pythagorean Theorem

C. Given the lengths of two legs

Learning Competency with Code:

B. Use ∆𝑆𝑉𝐸, answer what is asked.

Solutions Answer without the use of

4. sec 67° ____________________

7. sin 𝜃 = 0.53 ____________________

Activity 4: Try Me!

For nos. 1 and 2

1. If c = 15 cm and b = 10.2 cm, what are the following?

a. ∠𝐴 _________________ _________________ __________________

Background Information for Learners

A. The 45° − 45° − 90° triangle (Isosceles Right Triangle)

Let a and b are the legs, and c is the hypotenuse.

Examples: Use the given figure to find measures of unknown sides.

2. If 𝑐 = 4√2, find the value of a and b.

4. If 𝑐 = 2√5, solve for the value of a.

Let a and b are the legs

Examples: Use the given figure to find measures of unknown sides.

1. If 𝑎 = 5, then 𝑏 = 𝑎√3 and 𝑐 = 2𝑎. Find the value of b and c.

Solve for b, then use 𝑏 = 𝑎√3

Coordinates of Special Angles.

Examples: Perform the indicated operations.

*combine the values

2. (cot 2 45°)(sec2 30°)

𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 45° = (1)2 Square the value

value of 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 45° = 1

Learning Competency with Code:

Activity 2: You Complete Me

1. sin 30° = __________________ 6. cot 45° = __________________

Complete the following sentences based on your experiences in this lesson.

1. I have learned that

Activity 2: You Complete Me

ACTIVITY 1: ELEVATION OR DEPRESSION?

Figure Write E if it shows Angle Line of Sight

1. From a point 80 m from the base of a 2. A kite is flying at an angle of

3. A man in a hot air balloon 20,000 ft. in 4. Kaitlyn is swimming in the

5. The angle of depression from the top

Rubrics for Scoring

CRITERA Understanding Understanding Understanding No

Background Information for Learners

How to solve word problems that involve angle of elevation or depression?

Therefore, the length of ramp is 2 m.

Therefore, the object is 40√3 𝑚 away from the tower

In your calculator, press Shift, tan, 1.4, =.

TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF COMMON ANGLES

ACTIVITY 1: What’s the measure of my angle?

Activity 2: Let’s go to Quirino!

a. ∠𝐴 _________ _ __________

1. sin 30° = 6. cot 45° =

“_____ _ ___ _ _______”