Lab Report

Experiment Number: H1
Experiment Name: Heating different liquids
and heat capacity of unknown liquid

COURSE TITLE: University Physics – I Lab

COURSE ID: PHY101L
SECTION: 15
SUBMITTED TO: Dr. Md. Mahbub Alam
Department of Physical Science, Independent
University, Bangladesh
SUBMITTED BY:
Shovik Sarker
Student Id: 2325652
Serial No: 25
Experiment No: H1

Experiment Name: Heating different liquids and heat capacity of

unknown liquid.

Assignment: To investigate temperature rise in different liquids

and determine the unknown specific heat
capacity of a given liquid

Theory: Heat capacity or thermal capacity is a measurable physical

quantity equal to the ratio of the heat added to the heat added to (or
removed) an object to the resulting temperature change. When
expressing of same phi someone as an intensive property, the heat
capacity is divided by the amount to substance, mass or volume, thus
the quantity is independent of the size or extent of the sample. heat
absorbed by the object,

Q = mw c w ∆θ

= mo c o ( θf −θi )

c o can be obtained from the equation where,

cw = Specific heat capacity of water

co = Specific heat capacity oil

mw = Mass of the water

mo = Mass of the oil

θi = initial temperature
 θf = Final Temperature

∆θ = difference in temperature

Known Specific Heat Capacity

Water 4.19 j/gmk
Oil (Theoretical value) 2.40 j/gmk

Apparatus: (i) Beaker

(ii) Thermometer
(iii) Water, Kerosene Oil
(iv) Stop watch
(v) Sprit lamp
(vi) Wire Gauze
Observation & Measurements:

Table: Measurements of temperature in various liquids with time.

100 ml of water 100 ml of oil (Kerosene)
Time Temperature Rise in Rise in Rise in Rise in Rise in
t θ(℃) Temperature Temperature Temperature Temperature Temperature
(mm) (℃) in 5 min (℃) in 5 min
∆ θ (℃) ∆ θ (℃)

0 27.8 0 27 0
0.5 29.3 1.5 28.8 1.8
1.0 36.7 3.3 34.6 5.8
1.5 36.7 4.1 41.9 7.9
2.0 39.5 2.8 50.0 8.1
2.5 43.2 3.7 33.3 57.31 7.1 62.3
3.0 47.2 4 64.6 7.5
3.5 50.8 3.6 70.8 6.2
4.0 54.8 4 76.7 5.9
4.5 57.9 3.1 82.9 6.2
5.0 61.6 3.7 89.3 6.4
Time Water Kerosene
0 27.8 27
 0.5 29.3 28.8
1 32.6 34.6
1.5 36.7 41.9
2 39.5 50
2.5 43.2 57.31
3 47.2 64.6
3.5 50.8 70.8
4 54.8 76.7
4.5 57.9 82.9
5 61.6 89.3

Calculation: In the experiment water & oil have given some amount
of heat in a fixed period of time
c mw c w ∆ θ w c w =4.19 j/ gmk
0=
m0 ∆ θ
 mw = v x fw

= 100 X 1

= 100 g
m o = v x po

= 100 X0.8

= 80 g
100× 4.19 ×33.8
∴ co = 80.623

= 2.84 j/8-oc

For water: Temperature ( θfinal−θinitial ) c=33.8 ℃ mean rise in temperature

unit time = ( θfinal−θinitial
5 ) ℃ min
❑ =6.73 ℃/min

For water: Temperature ( θfinal−θinitial ) c=62.3 ℃ mean rise in temperature

unit time = ( θfinal−θinitial
5 ) ℃ /min=12.64 ℃ /min
Theoretical Value exp . Value
Error = ×100 %
Known Value

2.48−2.40
= ×100 %
2.40

= 18.33%

Result:
j
The specific heat capacity of kerosene is 2.84 gm ℃ and the parentage
of error is 18.33%

Discussion : The aim of this experiment was to investigate the heat

capacity of different liquids and determine the heat capacity of an
unknown liquid. To measure the temperature change of different liquids
after wating them to specific temperature. The specific heat capacity of a
substance of heat energy required to heat or cool a substance by a
certain temperature.

Conclusion: In conclusion, this experiment has shown that the heat

capacity of different liquids can vary greatly. Water ha the highest heat
capacity among the liquids we tested, while the unknown liquid had the
lowest. Such as in the design of heating and boiling systems for
industrial processes, and in the study of thermodynamics

Precaution:

i. The temperature should be taken after some the of heating.

ii. The temperature value should be set carefully based on the
stop watch time.
iii. Calculations should be done with care.
iv. Be careful of fire, because it is really dangerous.