CHEMISTRY

What’s the chemist’s “dozen” and what’s its value?

Is called the mole (mol) and has a value of 6.022 X 10²³.

1 mol = 6.022 X 10²³.

This number is also called Avogadros’s number

What’s the second thing to understand about the mole?

Is how it gets its specific value. The numerical value of the mole is defined as being
equal to the number of atoms in exactly 12g of pure carbon-12.

What is molar mass?

The mass of 1 mol of atoms of an element.

The value of an element’s molar mass in grams per mole is numerically equal to
the element’s atomic mass in atomic mass units.

What are reactants and products?

The substances on the left side of the equation are called the reactants, and the
substances on the right side are called the products.

For what do we use a balanced equation?

To correct these problems, we must create a balanced equation in which the
number of each type of atom on both sides of the equation is equal.

What is done to balance an equation?

To balance an equation, we insert coefficients—not subscripts—in front of atoms
and molecules as needed.

Remember:
Change only the coefficients to balance a chemical equation, never the
subscripts.

What are oxidation-reduction reactions? What are they responsible for?

Oxidation-reduction reactions or redox reactions are reactions involving the
transfer of electrons. They are responsible for the rusting of iron, the
bleaching of hair, and the production of electricity in batteries. Many redox
reactions involve the reaction of a substance with oxygen.

Redox reactions are those in which:

● A substance reacts with elemental oxygen
● A metal reacts with a nonmetal
● More generally, one substance transfers electrons to another
substance.
What are combustion reactions?
Are a type of redox reaction. They are important because most of our
society’s energy is derived from combustion reactions.

What are combustion reactions characterized by?

They are characterized by the reaction of a substance with O₂ to form
one or more oxygen-containing compounds, often including water.

What is a synthesis or combination reaction?

In a synthesis or combination reaction, simpler substances combine to
form more complex substances. The simpler substances may be
elements, such as sodium and chlorine combinations to form sodium
chloride.

What is a decomposition reaction?

In a decomposition reaction, a complex substance decomposes to form
simpler substances. The simpler substances may be elements, such as
the hydrogen and oxygen gases that form upon the decomposition of
water when electrical current passes through it.

What is a displacement reaction?

In a displacement or single-displacement reaction, one element
displaces another in a compound.

What is a double-displacement reaction?

In a double-displacement reaction, two elements or groups of elements
in two different compounds exchange places to form two new
compounds.