TEST 5:

- Phần ngữ pháp: câu 8 – “by a robot” => “a robot”

- Reading 1:
Câu 3. The word “counts” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to_____.
A. numbers B. estimates C. weighs D. matters
Câu 7. The word “Scarcely” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to ____.
A. obviously (rõ ràng) B. barely C. consistently (kiên định) D. needlessly

TEST 5
SECTION I. Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Circle the letter
(A, B, C or D).

1. His father __________ a lawyer, but now he’s a politician.

A. is used to be B. was used to be C. use to be D. used to be

(Hành động/thói quen trong quá khứ: (used to + V), hiện tại không còn xảy ra nữa)

2. He has studied English ___________ he was in elementary school.

A. during (Noun/Noun phrases) B. while C. as long as (miễn là, so sánh bằng) D. since

(thì hiện tại hoàn thành: Hành động đã xãy ra trong quá khứ không rõ thời gian cụ thể và có
thể kéo dài tới thời điểm hiện tại, tuong lai)
món ăn
3. Who is responsible for ______________ the dishes tonight?
A. do B. to do C. doing D. will do

37
4. We _____________ to inform that the position has been filled.
A. sorry (adj) B. apology (n) C. apologize (for) D. regret

5. He __________ decided to quit his job and look for another one.
A. belated B. last (at last, the last time, thing, people.. …..) C. finally D. delayed
(Cần 1 trạng từ)

6. The sun ________________in the West.

A. is setting B. sets C. setted D. is set
(hiện tại đơn: chỉ sự thật)

7. She has seen the movie.

A. The movie has been seen by her before.
B. The movie has seen by her before.
C. The movie was seen by her before.
D. The movie is seen by her before.
(Thì hiện tại hoàn thành ở thể bị động: S + has/have + been + Ved/3 + byO)

8. This airplane _________ a robot.

A. is drove by B. is driven by
C. was drive by D. has driven by

(Câu bị động thì hiện tại đơn: S + (am, is , are) + Ved/3 + (by O)

9. The girl ____________ I love has gone away.

A. whose B. when C. x D. which

(có thể lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ WHO ,WHICH ,WHOM…Khi nó làm tân ngữ, phía trước
nó không có dấu phẩy, không có giới từ)

10. He’s the guy ____________ brother was sacked (bị đuổi, thôi việc) for stealing.
A. who B. x C. whose D. whom
(Đại từ quan hệ chỉ sự sở hữu: whose)

11. He works for a firm ___________ produces software.

a company
38
 A. that B. x C. who D. all are correct
(mệnh đề quan hệ: “That” thay thế cho vật…….chủ từ)

12. Arthur Conan Doyle was born in Edinburgh. He wrote the Sherlock Holmes stories.
A. Arthur Conan Doyle whose wrote the Sherlock Holmes stories, was born in Edinburgh.
B. Arthur Conan Doyle whom wrote the Sherlock Holmes stories, was born in Edinburgh.
C. Arthur Conan Doyle, who wrote the Sherlock Holmes stories, was born in
Edinburgh.
D. None is correct
(mệnh đề quan hệ)

13. I sent you a postcard. It was written on the summit of Ben Nevis.
A. The postcard which I sent you was written on the summit of Ben Nevis.
B. The postcard whom I sent you was written on the summit of Ben Nevis.
C. The postcard, that I sent you, was written on the summit of Ben Nevis.
D. None is correct.
(mệnh đề quan hệ: which - chỉ vật)

14. Gabriela said, "I can't possibly finish my work by five o'clock."
A. Gabriela said that she can't possibly finish her work by five o'clock.
B. Gabriela said that she won't possibly finish her work by five o'clock.
C. Gabriela said that she couldn't possibly finish her work by five o'clock.
D. Gabriela said that she hadn't been able to possibly finish her work by five
o'clock.

15. She asked me _______ leave early.

A. to B. not to C. didn’t D. a and b are correct
(Ask + O + to V/not to V/ for Sth)

16. She enjoys_________ to parties.

A. going B. to go C. goes D. go

17. He said he ________ her the night before.

A. doesn’t meet B. didn't meet C. hasn’t met D. hadn't met
(Câu tường thuật: thì quá khứ = QK hoàn thành.
39
(Last night/week = the night/week before)
(Last night/week = the night/week before)

18. She promised she ________ do it the next week.

A. can B. will C. would D. shall
(câu tường thuật: will = would;
next week => the next week/the following week)

19. Carrie said, "I should study much harder."

Carrie said that she __________ much harder.
A. should study B. should studied C. studied D. a + c are correct

(Một số động từ không thay đổi khi chuyển sang câu tường thuật : would => would, could
=> could, might => might, should => should, ought to => ought to)

20. Mary said, "I went skiing."

Mary said she ___________ skiing.
A. went B. had gone C. have gone D. all are correct
(Câu tường thuật: thì quá khứ = QK hoàn thành)

SECTION II. Choose the best answer to each question. Circle the letter (A, B, C or D).
READING 1 Chim ruồi
Broad-tailed hummingbirds often nest in quaking, slender deciduous trees with smooth,
gray-green bark found in the Colorado Rockies of the Western United States. After flying
some 2,000 kilometres north from where they have wintered in Mexico, the hummingbirds
need six weeks to build a nest, incubate their eggs, and raise the chicks. A second nest is
feasible only if the first fails early in the season. Quality, not quantity, is what counts in
hummingbird reproduction.
A nest on the lowest intact branch of an aspen will give a hummingbird a good view, a
clear flight patch, and protection for her young. Male hummingbirds claim feeding territories in open
meadows where, from late May through June, they mate with females coming to feed
but take no part in nesting. Thus when the hen is away to feed, the nest is unguarded. While
the smooth bark of the aspen trunk generally offers a poor grip for the claws of a hungry
squirrel or weasel, aerial attacks, from a hawk, owl, or gray jay, are more likely.
The choice of where to build a nest is based not only on the branch itself but also on
what hangs over it. A crooked deformity (bị biến dạng: xoănn quẹo) in the nest branch, a second,
40
unusually close branch overhead, or proximity (ở gần) to part of a trunk (thân cây) bowed by a past ice
storm are features that provide shelter and make for an attractive nest site. Scarcely larger than a halved
golf ball, the nest is painstaking (cẩn thận) constructed of spider webs and plant down, decorated and
camouflaged outside with paper-like bits of aspen bark held together with more strands of spider silk.
By early June it will hold two pea-sized eggs, which each weigh one-seventh of the mother’s weight,
and in sixteen to nineteen days, two chicks.
làm sau
1. What aspect (phương diện) of broad-tailed hummingbird behavior does the passage mainly
discuss? (chim ruồi đuôi rộng)
A. Mating habits (1 chi tiết đoạn 2: Male hummingbirds claim feeding territories in open meadows
………………they mate with females coming to feed but take no part in nesting…)
B. Selection of nest sites
C. Caring for the young (1 chi tiết đoạn 2: protection for her young, feeding…)
D. Migration routes (1 chi tiết ở đoạn 1: flying….2000km.)

Đáp án : B
- Broad-tailed hummingbirds often nest in quaking………..
- A second nest is……… cây dương sĩ
nguyên vẹn
- A nest on the lowest intact branch of an aspen will give a hummingbird a good view…
- The choice of where to build a nest is based…………….
trường hợp
2. According to the passage, in what circumstances do hummingbirds build a
second nest?
A. If there is an unusually large supply of food
B. If the nests are destroyed early in the season.
C. If the winner is unusually warm
D. If the chicks in the first nest hatch (trứng nở sớm) early

Đoạn 1: A second nest is feasible only if the first fails early in the season. dòng 4-5

3. The word “counts” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to _____.

A. numbers B. estimates C. weighs D. matters

Numbers: ghi soE

Estimates: ước lượng

41
Weighs: cân nặ ng
Matters: có ý nghı̃a quan trọ ng, đáng quan tâm
sự sinh sản
“Quality, not quantity, is what counts in hummingbird reproduction”

4. According to the passage, which of the following is true of the male broadtailed hummingbird?
A. It protects the nest while the female searches for food
B. It is not involved in caring for the chicks
C. It shares nesting duties equally with the female.
D. It finds food for the female and the chicks.

Đoạn 2: Male hummingbirds claim feeding territories in open meadows where, from late
May through June, they mate with females coming to feed but take no part in nesting.
làm tổ, sống trong tổ

5. It can be inferred from the passage that the broad-tailed hummingbirds’ eggs
and chicks are most vulnerable to attack by ____.
A. humans B. insects (côn trùng) C. birds D. squirrels (con sóc)
khả năng bám kém
Đoạn 2: While the smooth bark of the aspen trunk generally offers a poor grip for the
claws of a hungry squirrel or weasel, aerial attacks (cuộc tân scoong của con sóc hay
chồn), from a hawk, owl, or gray jay (diều hâu, cú hay chim dẻ), are more likely.

(Những cà nh câ y lá dương meT m, những con só c đó i hay chồn khó có cơ hộ i, nhưng
những cuộ c taE n công trên không, từ mộ t con dieT u hâu, cú, hay chim dẻ cùi xám thì có
nhieT u khả nă ng hơn)
aerial (adj): Trên không
claw: móng vuốt

6. Which of the following would be a good location for a broad-tailed

hummingbird to build its nest?
A. A thick branch (cành cây cứng) B. the longest branch of a tree
C. A branch near the top of a tree D. A protected branch

Đoạn 2: A nest on the lowest intact (không chạm tới được) branch of an aspen will give a
hummingbird a good view, a clear flight patch (đường bay, di chuyển), and protection for
her young

42
7. The word “Scarcely” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to ____. một cách vô ích
A. obviously (rõ ràng) B. barely C. consistently (kiên định) D. needlessly
luôn luôn
Scarcely = Barely: chắc chắn không..

Scarcely = Barely: vừa đủ, không dư

Đoạn 3: Scarcely larger than a halved golf ball, the nest is painstaking (cẩn thận) constructed of
spider webs and plant down, decorated and camouflaged outside with paper-like bits of aspen
bark held together with more strands of spider silk.

8. Which of the following was NOT mentioned in the passage as a nest-building

material of the broad- tailed hummingbird?
A. Plant down B. Paper C. Spider webs (mạng nhện) D. Tree bark (vỏ cây)

Đoạn 3: The nest is painstaking (cẩn thận) constructed of spider webs and plant down, decorated
and camouflaged outside with paper-like bits of aspen bark held together with more strands of
spider silk. ngụy trang

9. The author compares the size of the broad-tailed hummingbird’s nest to ____.
A. a golf ball B. a spider web C. an egg D. a pea (hạt đậu)

Đoạn 3: Scarcely larger than a halved golf ball……

10. According to the passage, how long does it take for broad-tailed hummingbird
egg to hatch?
A. More than six weeks B. Two to three weeks
C. One month D. Less than a week

Đoạn 3: By early June it will hold two pea-sized eggs, which each weigh one-seventh of
the mother‟s weight, and in sixteen to nineteen days, two chicks. -> 16-19 ngày

43
READING 2
THE TRUTH BEHIND THE DA VINCI CODE amusing
In 2006, Sony Pictures released a remarkable and intriguing film entitled The Da
Vinci Code, based on the novel of the same name by Dan Brown. In the film, religious
leaders and professors are in a race to discover the secrets of an organization called the Priory
of Sion. The biggest secret kept by this organization is supposedly that Jesus Christ and a
woman whose name is recorded in the Bible as Mary Magdalene had a child, and that their
family 55 line continues to this day. In a TV interview, Dan Brown stated that, in his book,
"all of the art, architecture, secret rituals, secret societies, all of that is historical fact."
However, while the Priory of Sion did exist, it's nothing like the one which is so central to
The Da Vinci Code.
The Priory of Sion was started in France in 1956 by a skillful liar named Pierre
Plantard. Priory means religious house, and Sion was a hill in the town of Annemasse, where
the Priory was started by Plantard and four of 60 his friends. At first, their group fought for
housing rights for local people, and their offices were at Plantard's apartment. The organization
promised to benefit the weak and the oppressed (bị áp bức), and to do good in general.
However, there was a darker side to the Plantard's Priory.
Plantard actually hoped to use the Priory of Sion to claim to be a descendant of
French kings. Between the years 1961 and 1984, Plantard created the enigma (điều bí ẩn) of a much
more powerful Priory than his insignificant organization. First, in order to give the impression that
the Priory began in 1099, Plantard and his friend Philippe de Cherisey created documents,
called the Secret Dossiers of Henri Lobineau, and illegally put them into the National Library
of France. Next, Plantard got author Gerard de Sede to write a book in 1967 using the false
documents; the book became very popular in France. This phenomenon is similar to the
popularity of The Da Vinci Code, where a book based on false information or speculation (sự nghiên
cứu, xem xét) becomes popular.
Matters were complicated when in 1969, an English actor and science-fiction writer
named Henry Lincoln read Gerard de Sede's book. Lincoln did not know of Plantard and his
schemes, and may have been a victim of the hoax. He seemed to believe what he read, and
jumped to even more wild conclusions, which he published in his 1982 book, The Holy Blood
and the Holy Grail. He and his co-authors declared as fact that the Priory started in 1099; that
its leaders included Leonardo Da Vinci, Isaac Newton, and Victor Hugo; that the Priory
protects the descendants of Jesus 75 Christ and Mary Magdalene; and that these descendants
ruled France from A.D. 447 to 751. All this was based on reading a novel based on the false
facts from documents which were a hoax (trò lừa). Most modern historians do not consider Lincoln's
44
book to be a serious work of history.
How can we be so sure that Plantard created this hoax? Well, the best witness to a
crime is the criminal himself. Over 100 hundred letters between Plantard, de Cherisey, and de
Sede, discovered by researcher Jean-Luc 80 Chaumeil, show clearly that they were trying to
pull an elaborate hoax. In fact, in the 1990s, Plantard got in trouble with the law, and his
house was searched. Within it were found many false documents, most harmless, some of
which said he was the true king of France. As a final embarrassment, Plantard had to swear in
a court of law that the enigma of the Priory of Sion was the work of his imagination.

1. What does the author hope to show in this passage? Làm sau
A. Dan Brown knew his book wasn't based on fact. (1 chi tiết)
B. The Da Vinci Code is based on fact. (1 chi tiết)
C. Sony's movie The Da Vinci Code is better than Dan Brown's book. (không thấy chi tiết này)
D. The Priory of Sion was a hoax. (tu viện Sion là trò lừa đảo)
ritual (n) nghi lễ
A. In a TV interview, Dan Brown stated that, in his book,
"all of the art, architecture, secret rituals, secret societies, all of that is historical fact."
B. The Da Vinci Code, based on the novel of the same name by Dan Brown

D. How can we be so sure that Plantard created this hoax? Well, the best witness to a crime is the
criminal himself. (ĐOẠN 5)
người bị áp bức
-The organization promised to benefit the weak and the oppressed, and to do good in general.
However, there was a darker side to the Plantard's Priory. (ĐOẠN 2)

2. What is true about the real Priory of Sion?

A. It was started in 1956 by Pierre Plantard
B. It is connected to the leaders of France.
C. It has a secret about Jesus Christ and Mary Magdalene.
D. Its leader used to be Leonardo Da Vinci.

B.(Đoạn 4: Leonardo Da Vinci, Isaac Newton, and Victor Hugo ……All this was based on reading a
novel based on the false facts from documents…………..) /iˈniɡmə/
C. (đoạn cuối) As a final embarrassment, Plantard had to swear in a court of law that the enigma (điều
bí ẩn) of the Priory of Sion was the work of his imagination.

Đáp án A: The Priory of Sion was started in France in 1956 by a skillful liar named Pierre Plantard.

45
3. Why did Plantard put documents in the National Library of France?
A. He wanted Henry Lincoln to find them there.
B. He believed that he knew the truth and wanted to tell everyone.
C. He wanted people to believe that the Priory began in 1099.
D. So that Gerard de Sede's book would sell more copies.

Đoạn 3: First, in order to give the impression that the Priory began in 1099, Plantard and
his friend Philippe de Cherisey created documents, called the Secret Dossiers of Henri
Lobineau, and illegally put them into the National Library of France.

4. According to the passage, who did NOT know about the creation of the Priory
of Sion hoax?
A. Gerard de Sede B. Philippe de Cherisey
C. Pierre Plantard D. Henry Lincoln

Đoạn 4: Lincoln did not know of Plantard and his schemes (mưu đồ), and may have been a
victim of the hoax.

5. Which claim (lời khẳng định) was NOT made in The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail?
A. The Priory of Sion began in 1099.
B. The Priory of Sion protects the descendants (hậu duệ) of Jesus Christ.
C. Pierre Plantard created the Secret Dossiers of Henri Lobineau.
D. Isaac Newton was a leader of the Priory of Sion.

Đoạn 4: “He published in his 1982 book, The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail. He and his
co-authors declared as fact that the Priory started in 1099 (A); that its leaders included
Leonardo Da Vinci, Isaac Newton, and Victor Hugo (D); that the Priory protects the
descendants of Jesus 75 Christ and Mary Magdalene (B); and that these descendants ruled
France from A.D. 447 to 751.”

descendant (n): grandchildren... of a person

46
 TEST 6
SECTION I. Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Circle the letter
(A, B, C or D).
1. He is not a novice (thử việc, học việc) reporter ___________.
A. any longer B. some longer C. any longest D. some longest
(not ……. Anymore/ any longer: không còn làm gì nữa)

2. Susan often _____________ her car to school last semester.

A. got on B. went with C. rode D. drove

drive - drove - driven

Drive car
(Thì qua khứ)

3. The pencil needs to be _____________.

A. made B. used C. sharpened (vót, chuốt viết chì)
D. pointed (nhọn, chỉ)

4. There seem to be some students who are ___________ to the new uniform.
A. opposed (phản đối/đối lập) B. apposite (thích hợp: apposite for)
C. opposition (n) D. for

(be opposed to)

học bổng
5. James is the one who ___________ the scholarship.
A. received (nhận) B. gifted (có tài năng) C. lent (cho mượn) D. borrowed (mượn)

6. Have you found the key ____________ you lost last Sunday?
A. that B. who C. of which (sở hữu = whose) D. whom
(mệnh đề quan hệ: “that” chỉ vật, ở vị trí túc từ)

7. The man ____________ wanted to see you left a few minutes ago.
A. x B. who C. which D. whom
(mệnh đề quan hệ: “who” chỉ người, ở vị trí chủ từ)

47
8. A lot of people were offended by the jokes ____________ he told.
A. where B. that C. who D. whom
(Mệnh đề quan hệ: “that” chỉ vật, ở vị trí túc từ)

9. There we met an old man. He told us that he had seen Nessie.

A. An old man whose we met there told us that he had seen Nessie.
B. An old man which we met there told us that he had seen Nessie.
C. An old man whom we met there told us that he had seen Nessie.
D. None is correct
(mệnh đề quan hệ: “whom” chỉ người, ở vị trí túc từ)

10. The mountain is the highest mountain in Great Britain. It is called Ben Nevis.
A. The mountain which is the highest mountain in Great Britain is called Ben Nevis.
B. The mountain, which is the highest mountain in Great Britain is called Ben Nevis.
C. The mountain, that is the highest mountain in Great Britain, is called Ben Nevis.
D. None is correct.

(mệnh đề quan hệ: “which” chỉ vật, ở vị trí chủ từ trong mệnh đề hạn định)

11. Sally said, "I'll talk to you on Saturday."

Sally said she __________to me on Saturday.
A. will talk B. could talk C. would talk D. would talked
(câu tường thuật: will => would)

12. Sang said, "I have already written a letter to my family in Thailand."
A. Sang said that he had already written a letter to his family in Thailand.
B. Sang said that he wrote a letter to his family in Thailand.
C. Sang said that he was writing a letter to his family in Thailand.
D. Sang said that he will write a letter to his family in Thailand.

(câu tường thuật: thì hiện tại hoàn thành => QKHT)

13. He told me ___________ my father.

A. phone B. to phone C. phoning D. being phoned
48
(câu tường thuật: Mệnh lệnh/yêu cầu: Told + O + To V)

14. She said that no one _________ to the meeting the week before.
A. has come B. had come C. come D. came

(câu tường thuật: thì quá khứ => QKHT

Last week => the week before /the previous week)

15. He was __________ tired that he couldn’t eat anything.

A. so B. too ( Adj/Adv + (for O) + to V) C. very D. so that (+ S + V +
O: để làm gì)

(so + Adj/Adv + that)

16. I hope ___________ the next exam.

A. to pass B. passing C. will pass D. a and b are correct

17. Steve said, "I must save my money for my trip to California."
Steve said that he __________ his money for his trip to California
A. must saved B. must saves C. had to save D. have to save

(câu tường thuật: must => had to )

18. They ought to change the law.

A. The law ought to been changed.
B. The law ought been change.
C. The law ought to be changed.
D. The law ought to have been changed.

(thể bị động: S + ought to/ have to/be going to/ will….+ be + V3/ed….)

19. I______________to London if I don't get a cheap flight.

A. don’t travel B. won’t travel C. didn’t travel D. wouldn’t travel

49
Câu điều kiện loại 1: Điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại ở tương lai

If + S + V(s,es), S + Will/Can/shall…… + V

20. If I __________ a bird, I __________ a white dove.

A. am/ will be B. were/ would be
C. were/ would have been D. were/ were

Câu điều kiện loại 2: Điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại

If + S + V2/ Ved, S +would/ Could/ Should…+ V

SECTION II. Choose the best answer to each question. Circle the letter (A, B, C or D).
READING 1
Colors and Emotions
Colors are one of the most exciting experiences in life. I love them, and they are just as
important to me as emotions are. Have you ever wondered how the two are so intimately
related?
Color directly affects your emotions. Color both reflects the current state of your
emotions, and is something that you can use to improve or change your emotions. The color
that you choose to wear either reflects your current state of being or reflects the color or
emotion that you need.
The colors that you wear affect you much more than they reflect the people around you.
Of course, they also affect anyone who comes in contact with you, but you are the one
saturated with the color all day! I even choose items around me based on their color. In the
morning, I choose my clothes based on the color or emotion that I need for the day
Color, sound, and emotions are all vibrations. Emotions are literally energy in motion;
they are meant to move and flow. This is the reason that real feelings are the fastest way to
get your energy in motion. Also, flowing energy is exactly what creates healthy cells in your
body. So, the fastest way to be healthy is to be open to your real feelings. Alternately, the
fastest way to create disease is to inhibit your emotions.

50
1. What is the main idea of the passage? (làm sau cùng)
A. Emotions and colors are closely related to each other (ý bao quát cả bài)
B. Colors are one of the most exciting experiences in life. (1 chi tiết – đoạn 1)
C. Colorful clothes can change your mood. (1 chi tiết đoạn 3)
D. Colors can help you become healthy. (1 chi tiết – đoạn 4)

- Colors are one of the most exciting experiences in life. I love them, and they are just as
important to me as emotions are. Have you ever wondered how the two are so intimately
related?
- Color directly affects your emotions.
- Color, sound, and emotions are all vibrations

2. Who is more influenced by the colors you wear?

A. You are more influenced B. The people around you are more influenced
C. both A and B D. neither A nor B

Đoạn 3: The colors that you wear affect you much more than they reflect the people around you.

3. Which of the following can be affected by color?

A. your need for thrills (sự xúc động) B. your friend’s feelings
C. your appetite (khẩu vị) D. your mood (cảm xúc)

Đoạn 2: Color directly affects your emotions. Color both reflects the current state of your
emotions, and is something that you can use to improve or change your emotions.

illness: bệnh
4. According to the passage, what creates disease?
A. wearing the color black B. being open to your emotions
C. ignoring your emotions D. exposing yourself to bright colors (gắn bản thân với màu
sắc)

Đoạn cuối: Alternately, the fastest way to create disease is to inhibit (ngăn chặng, kiềm nén) your
emotions.
/ˈɪn.tɪ.mət.li/
5. The term intimately in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to.
A. clearly (trong trẻo, trong sạch ) B. obviously (rõ, rõ ràng)
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C. closely (gần gũi, thân thiết) D. simply (đơn giản)

Đoạn 1: Have you ever wondered how the two are so intimately related?

6. The phrase saturated with in paragraph 3 is closest meaning to

A. covered with B. bored with C. in need of D. lacking in

A. hòa vào, bao phủ , chìm trong

B. Chán nả n

C. CaT n

D. ThieE u

“….But you are the one saturated with the color all day! I even choose items around me
based on their color.”

7. What is the purpose of the passage?

A. to give an objective account (cái nhìn khách quan) of how colors affect emotions.
B. to prove (chứng minh) the relationship between color and emotion (chưa đủ: còn health)
C. To persuade (thuyết phục) the reader that colors can influence emotions and give a person
more energy.
D. to show that colors are important for a healthy life.

- Color directly affects your emotions.

- Emotions are literally energy in motion; they are meant to move and flow. This is
the reason that real feelings are the fastest way to get your energy in motion. Also,
flowing energy is exactly what creates healthy cells in your body.

READING 2
Life originated in the early seas less than a billion years after the Earth was formed.
Yet another three billion years were to pass before the first plants and animals appeared on
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the continents. Life’s transition from the sea to the land was perhaps as much of an
evolutionary challenge as was the genesis of life.
What forms of life were able to make such a drastic (mạnh mẽ, quyết liệt) change in lifestyle?
The traditional view of the first terrestrial (trên cạn/mặt đất) organisms is based on megafossils-
relatively large specimens of essentially whole plants and animals. Vascular plants, related to modern
seed plants and ferns, left the first comprehensive megafossil record. Because of this, it has been
commonly assumed that the sequence of terrestrialization reflected the evolution of modern
terrestrial ecosystems. In this view, primitive vascular plants first colonized the margins of
continental waters, followed by animals that feed on the plants, and lastly by animals that
preyed on the plant-eaters. Moreover, the megafossils suggest that terrestrial life appeared
and diversified explosively near the boundary between the Silurian and the Devonian periods,
a little more than 400 million years ago.
Recently, however, paleontologists 9nhà cổ sinh học) have been taking a closer look at the
sediments (trầm tích)below this Silurian-Devonian geological boundary. It turns out that some fossils
can be extracted from these sediments by putting the rocks in an acid bath. The technique has
uncovered new evidence form sediments that were deposited near the shores of the ancient
oceans- plant microfossils and microscopic pieces of small animals. In many instances the
specimens are less than one-tenth of a millimeter in diameter. Although they were entombed
in the rocks for hundreds of millions of years, many of them fossils consist of the organic
remains of the organism.
These newly discovered fossils have not only revealed the existence of previously
unknown organisms, but have also pushed back these dates for the invasion of land by
multicellular organisms. Our views about the nature of the early plant and animal
communities are now being revised. And with those revisions come new speculations (sự nghiên cứu)
about the first terrestrial life-forms.

1. In what order did the organisms (các sinh vật) first appear on earth?
A. vascular plants (thực vật có mạch), plant-eating animals (động vật ăn cỏ), carnivores (động vật
ăn thịt)
B. carnivores, plant-eaters, mega fossils (đại hóa thạch)
C. mega fossils, prey hunters, plant-eaters
D. seed plants (thực vật có hạt), ferns (cây dương sĩ), mega fossils.

Đoạn 2: Because of this, it has been commonly assumed that the sequence of
terrestrialization reflected the evolution of modern terrestrial (trên mặt đất, trên cạn)
ecosystems. In this view, primitive vascular plants first colonized the margins of

53
continental waters, followed by animals that feed on the plants, and lastly by animals that
preyed (bắt mồi) on the plant-eaters

2. What can be inferred from the passage about the fossils mentioned in the third
paragraph?
A. They have not been helpful in understanding the evolution of terrestrial life.
B. They were found in approximately the same numbers as vascular plant fossils.
C. They are older than the mega fossils.
D. They consist of modern life-forms.

Đoạn 2: “Moreover, the megafossils suggest that terrestrial life appeared and diversified
explosively near the boundary between the Silurian and the Devonian periods, a little more
than 400 million years ago”

Đoạn 3: “Although they were entombed in the rocks for hundreds of millions of years,
many of them fossils consist of the organic remains of the organism.”

3. According to the theory that the author calls “the traditional view” what was
the first form of life to appear on land?
A. Bacteria (vi khuẩn) B. Meat-eating animal
C. Plant-eating animals D. Vascular plants

Đoạn 2: In this view (traditional view), primitive vascular plants first colonized the
margins of continental waters, followed by animals that feed on the plants, and lastly by
animals that preyed on the plant-eaters.

54
4. What is the following paragraph likely to discuss? (đoạn văn tiếp theo sẽ bàn về vấn đề gì?)
A. the existence of previously unknown organisms
B. the revision of human views on the nature of early plant and animal communities
C. comparison and contrast between the first terrestrial life forms and newly discovered
fossils
D. what the first terrestrial life forms might have been.

Đoạn 4: These newly discovered fossils have not only revealed the existence of previously
unknown organisms (A), but have also pushed back these dates for the invasion of land by
multicellular organisms. Our views about the nature of the early plant and animal
communities are now being revised (được xem lại/nghiên cứu lại) (A). And with those revisions come
new speculations (sự nghiên cứu mới) about the first terrestrial life-forms (những dạng thể sống đầu
tiên).

5. The word “entombed” (chôn vùi) is closest in meaning to ______

A. crushed (nghiền nát) B. trapped (Bị maY c vướng, mắc bẫy)

C. produced (Sả n xuaE t) D. excavated (Đà o, khai quậ t)

/ɪnˈtuːm/
Đoạn 3: “Although they were entombed in the rocks for hundreds of millions of years, many of them
fossils consist of the organic remains of the organism.”

6. Which of the following resulted from the discovery of microscopic fossils?

A. The time estimate for the first appearance of terrestrial life-forms was revised.
B. Old techniques for analyzing fossils were found to have new uses.
C. The origins of primitive sea life were explained.
D. Assumptions about the locations of ancient seas were changed.

Đoạn 4: These newly discovered fossils have not only revealed the existence of previously unknown
organisms, but have also pushed back these dates for the invasion of land by multicellular organisms.”
sự xâm chiếm đất liền của các sinh vật đa bào

55
7. With which of the following conclusions would the author probably agree?
A. The evolution (sự tiến hóa) of terrestrial life was as complicated as the origin of life itself.
B. The discovery of microfossils supports the traditional view of how terrestrial life evolved.
C. New species have appeared at the same rate over the course of the last 400 million years.
D. The technology used by paleontologists is too primitive to make accurate determinations
about ages of fossils.

Đoạn 1: Life’s transition from the sea to the land was perhaps as much of an evolutionary
challenge as was the genesis (origin) of life.

8. According to the passage, what happened about 400 million years ago?
A. Many terrestrial life-forms died out
B. New life-forms on land developed at a rapid rate
C. The megafossils were destroyed by floods.
D. Life began to develop in the ancient seas.

cuộc sống trên cạn

Đoạn 2: “Moreover, the megafossils suggest that terrestrial life appeared and diversified
explosively (đa dạng hóa) near the boundary between the Silurian and the Devonian
periods, a little more than 400 million years ago.”

56