Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Banco Enarm 2021 INGLÉS
Banco Enarm 2021 INGLÉS
(CIFRHS)
Subsecretaría de Integración y Desarrollo del Sector Salud Dirección General de Calidad y
Educación en Salud
English Test Questions and Answers (ENARM) 2021.
• Neisseria gonorrhoeae
• Gardnerella vaginalis
• Hemophilus influenzae
2. 30-year-old housewife, sterilized two years ago, presents with vaginal discharge:
homogeneous and thin, pH: 6, potassium hydroxide test: fishy odor and presence of
"key cells”. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• Bacterial vaginosis
• HPV infection
• Vaginal candidiasis
• Lues
• Trichomoniasis
3. In most cases, the sinus and atrioventricular nodes are supplied by the artery:
• Right coronary
• Marginal
• Left coronary
• Interventricular
4. Which of the following corresponds to one of the essential functions of Public Health?
5. Male, 55 years old, 3 months ago he presented epigastralgia and abundant diarrhea.
History of untreated pituitary tumor. Laboratory: moderate hypercalcemia. Upper
endoscopy: multiple ulcers in the first portion of the duodenum. What is the most probable
diagnosis?
• Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
• Chronic duodenitis
• Duodenal neoplasia
• Carcinoid syndrome
7. What is the most frequent route of entry of hazardous industrial agents or substances to
which workers are exposed?
• Inhalation
• Cutaneous
• Oral
• Percutaneous
• Immersion
8. A 10-year-old male presents with occasional "wheezing" and dry cough once a week or
with seasonal changes. He denies nocturnal symptoms. History: Asthmatic mother and
brother. Examination: scarce expiratory wheezing, without nasal flaring or retractions.
Spirometry: reversible obstructive pattern. Forced expiratory minute volume >
80% .What is the treatment of choice?
• Inhaled B2 adrenergic
• Inhaled corticosteroid
• Oral methylxanthine
• Inhaled antimuscarinic
9. Which of the following statements defines a situation of high fertility and mortality rates
to one of low rates; as well as the change from a pattern in which infectious-contagious
diseases predominate to one in which the main causes of death are chronic degenerative
diseases?
• Epidemiological transition
• Epidemiological curve
• Endemic channel
• Endemic curve
10. In the treatment of diabetic neuropathy, which of the following drugs acts as a selective
serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor?
• Duloxetine
• Mexiletine
• Desipramine
• Gabapentin
• Pregabalin
11. Most first trimester miscarriages are caused by chromosomal abnormalities. Which of
the following abnormalities is the most common?
• Autosomal trisomy
• Balanced translocation
• Monosomy 45X
• Triploidy
• Mosaicism
12. A 42-year-old male underwent surgery for preoperative diagnosis of acute appendicitis.
At surgery: cecal appendix with a 2 cm yellowish, hard, hard tumor located at the tip that
involves the meso with the rest of the appendix apparently normal. What is the
therapeutic approach to be followed?
• Right hemicolectomy
• Total colectomy
• Appendectomy
• Ileostomy
3/1
3/2
6/1
6/2
4/2
15. A 26-year-old woman presented 24 hours ago with abdominal pain in the epigastrium
radiating to the right iliac fossa after 3 hours, accompanied by nausea without vomiting.
Examination: BP: 100/60 mmHg. Pulse: 100X'. T°: 38.5°C. Painful abdomen in right
iliac fossa Mc Burney (+). Normal hemogram. According to Alvarado's scale, what is the
best course of action?
• Appendectomy
• Exploratory laparotomy
16. What is the name given to the table, graph, formula or other system used to specify all
possible values of a discrete random variable along with their probabilities?
• Probability distribution
• Cumulative distribution
• Binomial parameters
• System distribution
• Continuous distribution
17. Through what mechanism does citizen oversight contribute to improving dialogue,
understanding and respect between representatives of the population, the State and civil
society?
• Community participation
• Social empowerment
• Municipal Council
• Prefecture
18. 5-year-old boy presents: polyuria, craving for water, constipation. Examination: poor
nutritional status, dehydrated, decreased muscle strength. Laboratory: hypochloremia,
hypokalemia and hypocalcemia. Glucose in urine: (-). Proteinuria (-). Which segment of
the renal tubule is affected?
19. In which line of the anal canal is chronic anal fissure most frequently located?
• Back half
• Previous average
• Left side
• Right side
• Toothed
20. Which of the following populations are considered at high risk for tuberculosis
infection and should receive preventive treatment?
21. What is the scoring system used in the initial assessment of critical patient
severity, which assesses acute physiology and chronic health?
• APACHE II
• Glasgow
• SAPS II
• MPM
• Ranson
22. What is the instrument used to define whether a given number of cases
corresponds to an epidemic?
• Endemic channel
• Epidemic line
• Epidemiological curve
• Epidemic ratio
23. A 65-year-old woman presents with genital dystopia and urine leakage on Valsalva
maneuver. Examination: Bp point at +3, according to the classification of pelvic organs.
What type of genital dystopia does she present?
• Rectocele
• Cystocele
• Hysterocele
• Urethrocele
• Enterocele
24. 50-year-old male presents with foamy urine. History: DM-2 10 years ago. HT 2 years
ago without treatment. Examination: BP: 160/90 mmHg. Slight pallor, edema +/+++ in
lower limbs. Laboratory: proteinuria ++. What is the most recommended
antihypertensive drug?
• Enalapril
• Methyldopa
• Carvedilol
• Nicardipine
• Verapamil
26. What information should the physician provide to the mother in the presence of
vaginal fold protrusion as a skin patch in a newborn?
• It is normal
• Requires surgery
• It is an adenoma
• It is a malformation
• It is a cyst
• Surgical removal
• Topical antibiotic
• Valproic acid
• Phenytoin
• Carbamazepine
• Phenobarbital
• Primidone
29. What is the most commonly used procedure for airway resuscitation in a
hospitalized patient with severe respiratory distress?
• Endotracheal intubation
• Cricothyroidotomy
• Cricothyroid puncture
• Tracheostomy
30. Hyaline membrane disease is characterized by the fact that it occurs more
frequently in the ……newborn and its main cause is...
• premature/surfactant deficiency.
• term/surfactant deficiency.
• premature/meconium aspiration.
• GEG/hypoglycemia.
31. 38-year-old woman, large multiparous. Consultation for sensation of a lump in the vagina.
Examination: evidence of prolapse of the anterior and posterior walls of the vagina, with
the most distal portion of the prolapse being less than 1 cm distal to the plane of the
hymen. According to the classification of pelvic organs POP-Q. In what stage is the
prolapse?
• II
• 0
• IV
• III
• I
32. What are the diagnostic criteria for osteoporosis according to WHO in women over 65
years of age?
33. 13-year-old adolescent girl with a BMI of 15, hospitalized for dehydration and
malnutrition. The mother reports that her daughter frequently makes herself vomit.
What is the medio internal?
• Hypochloremic alkalosis
• Metabolic acidosis
• Hyperchloremic alkalosis
• Hyperkalemic acidosis
• Hypochloremic acidosis
34. A 38-year-old woman is admitted to the emergency room for a traffic accident.
Examination: right lower limb in adduction, flexed and in internal rotation. What is the
most likely diagnosis?
• Acetabular fracture
• hemolysis.
• nutritional deficiency.
36. A 25-year-old woman presents with arthralgias and foamy urine. Examination: butterfly
wing erythema, peripheral edema (++). Laboratory: ANA: (+), complement C3:
decreased. He starts treatment with oral corticosteroid at high doses. What effect does
he expect to find?
• Decreased gluconeogenesis
37. What is the most frequent causative microorganism in malignant otitis externa?
• Pseudomona aeruginosa
• Streptococcus pneumoniae
• Haemophylus influenzae
• Staphylococcus aureus
• Moraxella catarrhalis
38. What injury does ultrasound detect in patients with blunt abdominal trauma?
• Hepatic
• Retroperitoneal duodenal
• Ureteral
• Pancreatic
• Renal
39. Immediate pregnant woman with a diagnosis of fetal macrosomia. During the revision of
the vaginal canal there is evidence of: tearing involving mucosa, vaginal submucosa,
perineal body and anal sphincter. What is the degree of vaginal tearing?
• III
• II
• I
• IV
• 0
40. A 30-year-old married woman consults for mucopurulent genital discharge, pain in the
hypogastrium and iliac fossa, no menstrual delay. Examination: pulse 98 X',
mucopurulent vaginal discharge, intense pain on palpation of the uterus and mobilization
of the uterine cervix, no palpable tumors and normal cul-de-sac. What is the most likely
diagnosis?
• Trichomoniasis vaginalis
• Herpetic vaginitis
• Bacterial vaginosis
• Candidiasis vulvovaginitis
41. What is the cardiovascular complication in a child with obesity?
• Hypertension
• Hypotension
• Arrhythmias
• Heart failure
• Ventricular hypertrophy
42. What is the most frequent site of distant metastasis of papillary thyroid
carcinoma?
• Lung
• Heart
• Esophagus
• Diaphragm
• Trachea
Sleep apnea
Recurrent tonsillitis
Severe halitosis
Peritonsillar phlegmon
44. What is the most important criterion for the diagnosis of pelvic abscess?
45. Immediate evaluation of the newborn shows an excavated abdomen and severe
respiratory distress with cyanosis. CXR: circular radiolucent images in the left
hemithorax. What is the diagnostic suspicion?
• Diaphragmatic hernia
• Hydrothorax
• Pneumothorax
• Annular pancreas
• Serous pleuritis
46. A 27-year-old woman, G2P1001, with a 31-week gestational age, attended routine
prenatal care. Her pregnancy has been uncomplicated, with a history of subserosal
fibroids diagnosed in previous ultrasounds and only one active fetus. Examination:
uterine height of 38 cm. What is the most probable complication associated with the
presence of fibroids?
• Preterm delivery
• Placenta previa
• Polyhydramnios
• Gestational hypertension
47. 39-year-old primigravida at 41 weeks gestation by first trimester ultrasound. She comes
to the emergency room because of her gestational age, denies pain and contractions.
Fetal movements were present, a non-stress test was performed, which showed
and an ultrasound with normal ILA, deciding on cervical ripening with misoprostol.
What is the WHO recommended dose in micrograms intravaginally?
• 25 every 6 hours
• 25 every 2 hours
• 50 every 2 hours
• 50 every 6 hours
• 25 every 4 hours
• Alveolar collapse
49. A 28-year-old woman presented four days ago with bilateral lumbar pain, increased
temperature, dysuria, pollakiuria and vomiting. Examination: PPL (+). What is the most
likely diagnosis?
• Acute pyelonephritis
• Acute cystitis
• Acute urethritis
• Acute salpingitis
50. 45 year old diabetic patient on irregular treatment, 4 days ago she presented with
abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant, sensation of thermal elevation and yellowish
coloration of the skin and mucous membranes. Examination: jaundice of skin and
mucous membranes. BP: 90/60mmHg. Pulse: 110 X'. T°: 39°C. Painful abdomen on
palpation in the right upper quadrant, Blumberg(-) Murphy(+) sign. Ultrasound:
cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis. What is the therapeutic approach to follow?
• Open cholecystectomy
• Open cholecystostomy
• Biliodigestive bypass
55-year-old woman with a diagnosis of varicose veins, reporting erythema, heat and pain in
the affected veins, which can be palpated as an indurated cord. How many weeks is
anticoagulation advisable?
• Six
• Four
• Three
• Two
• A
51. An 18 year-old woman presented four days ago with colicky pain in the epigastric region
that after eight hours was located in the right iliac fossa, as well as nausea, vomiting and
hyporexia. Examination: T: 38°C; P: 90 X'; BP: 120/70mmHg; FR: 20 X'. Abdomen: RHA
present, in the right iliac fossa there is an 8x5cm tumor of hard consistency with defined
borders, not painful. What is your diagnostic impression?
• Appendicular plastron
• Blind cancer
• Infertility
• Type I diabetes
• Hypoglycemia
• Hypocholesterolemia
• Hypermenorrhea
53. The district of San Juan de Lurigancho has a population of 1'000,000 inhabitants and
in 2017 there were 800 cases of dengue fever, of which 80 patients died. What is the
case fatality rate?
54. Newborn presenting with bilious vomiting and progressive abdominal distension.
What is the probable diagnosis?
• Intestinal atresia
• Pyloric hypertrophy
• Midgut volvulus
• Meconium ileus
• Necrotizing colitis
55. What portion of the pancreas is within the C-shaped concavity of the duodenum?
• Head
• Collar
• Unciform process
• Body
• Cola
• Bronchoconstriction-mucus bleeding-bronchorrhea
57. 43-year-old woman, history of normal delivery, has a new partner. BP 140/90mmHg,
Catamenial regimen: 4-7/ 28 -32 days. Heavy bleeding during the first days, with
moderate anemia, occasional smoker and BMI 30 and hypercholesterolemia. PAP and
transvaginal ultrasound normal. Which of the following alternatives is the most
appropriate to avoid pregnancy?
• T for Copper
• Condom
• Depot contraceptives
58. A 35 year-old man comes to the emergency room for presenting hypertensive crisis with
blood pressure values above 200/100 mmHg, a situation that has been repeated on
several occasions. He had a history of abdominal pain, for which an abdominal CT scan
was requested and a tumor was found on the left kidney. What test is requested to clarify
the diagnosis?
• Urinary methanephrines
• Plasma cortisol
• Serum renin
• Erythropoietin
• Aldosterone
59. What is the first step in the planning process in measuring the overall health status of the
community?
60. A 20-year-old woman, shy since childhood, presents serious interpersonal problems;
lately she feels attracted to a classmate, but as she considers herself awkward and
unattractive, she is embarrassed and prefers not to answer him every time he speaks to
her.
What personality disorder does he/she present?
• Evitativa
• Paranoid
• Schizoid
• Antisocial
• Dependent
61. 25-year-old female, chronic alcoholic, reports a 3-week menstrual delay. Pregnancy test
(+). In addition to maxillary hypoplasia, what other effect on the product can occur due to
alcohol consumption during pregnancy?
• Mental retardation
• Gastroschisis
• Phocomelia
• Deafness
• Glaucoma
62. Infant 5 months old, presented since 3 days ago: rhinorrhea, sneezing and fever. Today
he was brought in for respiratory distress. Examination: T: 38.5°C, HR: 160X', FR: 70X',
SatO2: 85%, irritability, perioral cyanosis, subcostal, intercostal and supraclavicular
retraction; sub crepitant and inspiratory and expiratory wheezing. What is the diagnosis?
• Bronchiolitis
• Pneumonia
• Common cold
• Acute laryngitis
• Asthmatic crisis
• Undescended testicle
• Testicular tumor
• Epididymitis
• Epididymal cyst
64. 2-year-old boy with cellulitis of the right leg. He evolves with general malaise, lethargy,
T: 39.5ºC, RR: 48X', HR: 196X', BP: 50/35 mmHg, cold extremities and slow capillary
filling. Examination: Leukocytes: 28,000 x mm3, rods: 12%. He has received fluids
followed by dopamine at appropriate doses without favorable clinical response. What is
the next therapeutic measure?
• Adrenaline
• Milrinona
• Dobutamine
• Atropine
• Vasopressin
• Atropine
• Pilocarpine
• Adrenaline
• Acetylcholine
• Meperidine
66. In the first week of refeeding the malnourished infant, what complication may occur?
• Hypophosphatemia
• Hyponatremia
• Hypercalcemia
• Hyperkalemia
• Hypernatremia
• Transpeptidase Inhibition
68. What is the type of shock presenting in a patient with decreased mean
arterial pressure, thready pulse, cold extremities and slow capillary refill?
• Mixed
69. 25-year-old woman, with two children of normal delivery, sexually active. She presents
with chronic pelvic pain. FUR two weeks ago. PAP negative, transvaginal ultrasound:
normal uterus and thickening of both tubes. Of the following alternatives, which is the
safest contraceptive method?
• Natural methods
• Barrier methods
• By inflammatory response
71. What is the most frequent complication of spinal anesthesia in patients who are not well
hydrated?
• Hypotension
• Bradycardia
• Headache
• Paresthesia’s
• Unconsciousness
• Irritability
• Polypnea
74. In a pregnant woman diagnosed with HIV on HAART, delivery by cesarean section will
be performed when...
75. A 25 year-old woman, refers since 3 weeks ago dry cough, chest pain in the posterior
aspect of the right hemithorax that increases with deep breathing. Examination: vocal
vibrations and vesicular murmur abolished at the base of the right hemithorax. Chest X-
ray: right pleural effusion. Negative sputum BK. ADA in pleural fluid increased. What
study is requested to confirm the diagnosis?
• Pleural biopsy
• AGA
• BK in gastric juice
• Pulmonary CT
• Chest MRI
76. A 48-year-old woman, with a family history of hypothyroidism, is admitted to the hospital
because of sepsis secondary to bronchopneumonia, remaining fasting for 7 days.
Considering the family history of hypothyroidism, a thyroid hormonal study was
performed; she was reported to be a euthyroid patient. What would be the hormonal
result NOT related to her diagnosis?
• Decreased TSH
• Normal TSH
• Normal T4
• T3 low
• rT3 high
• Ocular itching
• Edema
• Hyperemia
• Watery discharge
• Mucous secretion
• Dilated cardiomyopathy
• Aortic insufficiency
79. A 35-year-old male suddenly presented 5 days ago with general malaise, fever,
intermittent chills every 2 days, concomitant myalgias and arthralgias. On the fourth day
of illness, pruritic exanthema with generalized lymphadenopathy without
hepatosplenomegaly. Background: at home his brother with confirmed dengue fever.
What is the contraindicated course of action?
80. A woman with a history of cesarean section 4 days ago. She presents with confirmed
febrile sensation (39°C), tachycardia, foul-smelling genital bleeding, pain and uterine
subinvolution, the diagnosis is puerperal endometritis. What is the appropriate
treatment?
• Parietales
• Interleaved
• Mucinous
• Mother
• Main
• Open system
• Closed system
• Of subsystems
• By objectives
• Contingencies
83. 50-year-old male, with a history of long-standing bronchiectasis, nephrotic syndrome one
year ago, presenting dysphagia with gastroesophageal reflux. Imaging study: change in
motility, diffuse esophageal rigidity and loss of distensibility. What is the most likely
diagnosis?
• Amyloidosis
• Drug-induced esophagitis
• Scleroderma
• Dermatomyositis
• Candidiasis
84. In the case of severe dehydration with diarrhea shock in children, what is the initial
treatment measure?
• Recto-vesical fistula
• Cholecystoduodenal
• Cholecystogastric
• Cholecystocolonic
• Cholecystojejunal
• Cholecystoileal
87. Which of the following entities presents with elevated direct bilirubin in neonates?
• Cytomegalovirus
• Hypothyroidism
• Spherocytosis
• Breastfeeding
• ABO Incompatibility
88. 80-year-old male diagnosed with prostate cancer with Cleason classification 6:
early stage disease and small tumor size (established by biopsy).
What is a useful strategy in patients expected to survive less than 10 years?
• Observation
• Prostatectomy
• Chemotherapy
• Brachytherapy
• Radiotherapy
89. What is the most effective measure to reduce the risk of uterine infection after
cesarean section?
• Antibiotic prophylaxis
• Perineal shaving
• Systemic steroids
• Oral contraceptives
• Oxytocic’s
• Antiemetics
91. What is the most frequent complication of open appendectomy for acute
perforated appendicitis plus generalized peritonitis?
• Aspiration pneumonia
• Pile phlebitis
92. What is the most frequent complication of the use of an intrauterine device?
• Pelvic pain
• Hypomenorrhea
• Vaginal dryness
• Dysmenorrhea
• Dysphasia
• Overweight
• Normal
• Obesity
• Extreme thinness
• Morbid obesity
94. Pregnant woman at term with a large fetus who presents with shoulder dystocia
during the second stage of labor. What is the initial measure to be taken?
• Clavicle fracture
• Anterior shoulder counter-rotation
• Education
• Governance
• Policies
• Social cohesion
• Biological factors
96. What is the therapeutic range in mg/kg/day of iron in infants with
hypochromic microcytic anemia?
• 3a6
• 5 a 10
• 1a3
D. 10 to 15
E. 15 a 20
97. Multigestation of 24 weeks, history of myomectomy; she presents severe acute lower
abdominal pain of sudden onset. Examination: VF: normal, pain in hypogastrium, UA: 34
cm, FLC: normal. TV: cervix unchanged, no gynecorrhage. CBC, urine test and CRP
normal. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• Degenerated myoma
• Acute appendicitis
• Placental abruption
• Acute pyelonephritis
98. 19-year-old woman, FUR 2 weeks ago; CR 5/30; with subacute onset pain in
hypogastrium and left iliac fossa of moderate intensity. Examination: VF: normal, pain on
palpation of the mentioned regions without peritoneal signs, without leucorrhea or
gynecorrhage. TV: no pain on cervical mobilization, mild pain in left adnexa, no masses.
What is the most probable diagnosis?
• Ovulatory pain
• Meckel's diverticulum
• Left adnexitis
99. 35-year-old woman; G0P0, LMP: 3 days ago, C.R. 5/28, history of dysmenorrhea and
dyspareunia; with severe pelvic pain. Exam: VF: normal, soft abdomen with pain on deep
palpation in hypogastrium, without rebound. TV: right adnexal tumor. Laboratory: normal.
Ultrasound: right unilocular adnexal mass of 5 cm, with "ground-glass appearance". What
is the most probable diagnosis?
• Endometriosis
• Ectopic Pregnancy
• Tuboovarian abscess
• Hemorrhagic follicle
100. What is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of endometriosis?
• Laparoscopic biopsy
• Exploratory laparotomy
• Ultrasound
• Hysteroscopy
101. Which of the following is the most common cause of chronic pelvic pain?
• Endometriosis
• Gastrointestinal
• Myofascial syndrome
• Adherences
• Cystitis
102. What is the theory that postulates: "endometriosis is caused by seeding or
implantation of endometrial cells through transtubal regurgitation during menstruation"?
• Transplantation
• Of coelomic metaplasia
• Induction
• Immunological
103. In a vaginal delivery without eventualities or birth canal injuries, after complete
delivery she presents with vaginal bleeding greater than usual; the patient reports
palpitations and dizziness. Examination: decreased blood pressure and tachycardia.
What is the initial handling?
• Intravenous Oxytocin
• Arterial embolization
104. What is the ideal test to confirm the diagnosis of placental accreta in posteriorly
located placentas in obese patients?
• Doppler ultrasound
• 2D ultrasound
• Transvaginal ultrasound
• Tomography
105. In a 24-week pregnant woman with IUGR. What test should be ordered to determine
the probable cause?
• Fetal karyotype
• Fetal neurosonography
• Doppler ultrasound
• Fetoscopy
• Cordocentesis
• Antibiotic therapy
• NSAIDS
• Tocolysis
107. Pregnant of 36 weeks due to FUR, asymptomatic, with UA: 35 cm, FLC: normal,
and ultrasound report indicating gestational age, fetal weighting of 2650 g and Phelan
index: 30 cm. Which of the following alternatives is the cause of the described picture?
• Renal malformations
• Trisomy 18
• Fetal polycythemia
• In case of sensitization, titers lower than 1:64 indicate low risk of fetal anemia.
109. 50-year-old woman presenting with cohorting bleeding. Spectroscopy: vagina with
blood in small amount and hard and infiltrating lesion of the posterior lip of the cervix that
involves up to the distal third of the vagina but not the pelvic wall. According to FIGO it
corresponds to stage:
• IIIa
• IIb
• IIIb
• IIa
• Ib 2
110. Woman with twin pregnancy of 20 weeks gestational age. Ultrasound: FETUS 1
active, 400 g, with vertical well greater than 11 cm, preserved fetal morphology and
slightly distended bladder; FETUS 2 active, 295 g, with vertical well greater than 1 cm,
bladder not visible, rest of morphology without alterations. What is the diagnosis?
• Selective IUGR
• Chromosomopathy in Fetus 2
• T
• Delta
• Lambda
• Double spout
• Alpha
112. Pregnant at term with no risk factors in the active phase of labor. Uterine
contractions of regular intensity and FLC: normal. After amniotomy, she presents
gynecorrhage in regular quantity and sudden alteration in fetal heart rate. What is the
probable diagnosis?
• Previous Vasa
• Placenta previa
• Placental accretion
• Placental abruption
113. What is the ultrasound finding that can predict placental accrete?
• Gestational sac implanted in the lower uterine segment in the 1st trimester
• Placental abruption
115. A 37-year-old woman presents with a breast lump 3 cm in diameter, not very mobile
and of increased consistency, not adhered to deep planes. What is the ultrasound finding
that suggests a probably benign breast nodule?
• Spiculations
• Microcalcifications
• Branched pattern
116. Regarding the use of exclusive breastfeeding as a method for family planning,
which is the correct alternative?
• Increases LH release
• Female condom breakage is more frequent than with male condom use
• T380A copper IUD reduces the amount of menstrual bleeding and pelvic pain
119. A 34-year-old woman with a 10-year-old son born by cesarean section and two
subsequent induced abortions for which she underwent uterine curettage. She presents
with amenorrhea of three years of evolution and genital desire. What is the most probable
diagnosis?
• Asherman's syndrome
• Rokitanski syndrome
• Bilateral hydrosalpinx
120. Patient diagnosed with Asherman's syndrome, what is the initial
therapeutic approach?
• Surgical hysteroscopy
• Uterine curettage
121. 14-year-old female patient with primary amenorrhea, complains of colicky pelvic
pain; sexual development and FSH are normal. Examination: tumor protruding through
the vulva. Pelvic ultrasound:
Dilated uterus, thickened endometrial cavity and anecogenic image in the vagina. What is the
most likely diagnosis?
• Imperforate hymen
• Vaginal sarcoma
• Submucous myomas
• Endometriosis
• Gardner cysts
122. Female, 19 years old, FUR 7 weeks ago, presented with severe abdominal pain
and dizziness. Examination: BP: 70/50 mmHg, pulse: 102 X', T: 37 °C; diffuse abdominal
pain with generalized peritoneal reaction. TV: cervix unchanged, uterus difficult to
evaluate due to pain, no gynecorrhage. Laboratory: normal hemogram and urine test.
What is the most probable diagnosis?
• Ectopic pregnancy
• Abortion in progress
124. According to the international classification of ovarian tumors (IOTA), which of the
following corresponds to the ultrasound description of a probably benign cystic mass?
125. What is the ultrasonographic feature that differentiates corpus luteum from ectopic
pregnancy?
• The corpus luteum usually does not have a thick echogenic ring.
• Color Doppler has high sensitivity and specificity to differentiate between them.
• Power Doppler has great value in differentiating them through the "ring of fire".
• The corpus luteum does not move together with the ovary during manipulation.
126. What is the most common type of fibroid degeneration in pregnancy?
• Meaty
• Hyaline
• Myxoid
• Cystic
• Hemorrhagic
127. 39-year-old woman, G2 P1001, without menstrual delay, with sporadic mild pelvic
pain. Examination: globular uterus. Ultrasound: enlarged uterus; on the posterior aspect
there is an intramural nodule of precise contours of 5 cm that in its central region has an
anechoic area of irregular but defined borders. What is the probable diagnosis?
• Arteriovenous malformation
• Focal adenomyosis
• Severe endometriosis
• Endometrial polyp
• Incomplete abortion
• Arteriovenous malformation
• Uterine synechia
• Submucous myoma
129. Which of the following malformations is present in Cantrell's pentalogy?
• Omphalocele
• Cystic hygroma
• Holoprosencephaly
• Gastroschisis
• Megavejiga
130. 31-year-old woman with distension and diffuse abdominal pain, dizziness,
shortness of breath and decreased urine volume 24 hours ago with history of IVF.
Examination: dry mucous membranes, tachypnea and distension with abdominal
dullness. Transvaginal ultrasound: ovarian volume > 10cc and abundant free fluid. What
is the most likely diagnosis?
• Ovarian cancer
• Ectopic pregnancy
• Pulmonary thromboembolism
131. A 22-year-old woman presents with intermittent pelvic pain since 3 months ago,
increasing in the last 15 days. Examination: AVF uterus, 7 cm; right adnexa normal and
left adnexa with a 7 cm mass, slightly painful. Transvaginal ultrasound: adnexa Left
complex mass (cystic and solid) with very echogenic internal area that leaves shadow.
Absence of Doppler flow. No free fluid. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• Dermoid cyst
• Ovarian cancer
• Hydrosalpinx
• Endometrioma
• Tuboovarian abscess
132. 26-year-old woman with amenorrhea and mild pelvic pain. Examination: slightly
enlarged uterus, unchanged cervix and very scanty dark brown bleeding. Ultrasound:
defined gestational sac with fetus of 15 mm NCL, no evidence of cardiac activity, no
retrochronal hematomas. What is the diagnosis?
• Retained abortion
• Threat of abortion
• Normal pregnancy
• Incipient gestation
• Imminent abortion
• Fetal macrosomia
• Rh isoimmunization
134. A 25-week pregnant woman indicates that she is concerned about whether the fetus
has any fetal malformations. Which of the following is a normal finding on a four-chamber
view?
• The heart should be rotated to the left with an axis of 60° +/- 20°.
• Complete abortion
• Incomplete abortion
• Threat of abortion
• Ectopic pregnancy
• Inevitable abortion
136. Pregnant of 34 weeks, since 3 weeks ago pruritus in palms of hands and soles
of feet that 2 days ago became generalized. BP: 110/70 mmHg, T: 36.8 °C, mild
jaundice; FLC: normal. Liver profile: increased alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin,
transaminases; CBC, platelets, glucose and creatinine normal. What is the probable
diagnosis?
• HELLP Syndrome
• Prurigo of pregnancy
137. 55 year old patient comes to the emergency room with moderate to severe
abdominal pain. Examination: arrhythmic heart sounds. Abdomen: soft, depressible,
peritoneal reaction. Acute mesenteric occlusion due to embolism or arterial thrombosis
is suspected. What is the supporting test for definitive diagnosis?
• Angiography
• Phlebography
• Ultrasonography
• Tomography
• Scintigraphy
138. A 45-year-old male presents with chronic abdominal pain with a diagnosis of peptic
ulcer with no response to medical treatment. He has received several series of therapy
for Helicobacter pylori. What is the recommended surgical indication to avoid further
recurrence?
• Selective vagotomy
• Subtotal gastrectomy
139. A 34-year-old woman comes to the emergency room for abdominal pain of sudden
onset after exertion. Examination: diffuse abdominal pain, mild peritoneal reaction and
irreducible painful tumor in the left inguino-crural region. Surgery was indicated and in
the procedure a crural hernia was found where the antimesenteric portion of the intestine
was trapped inside the hernial sac. This type of hernia is called:
• Ritcher
• Spiegel
• Petit
• Littre
• Nyhus
• Klebsiella pneumoniae
• Proteus mirabilis
• Enterobacter cloacae
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• Bacteroides fragilis
• Anemia
• Fat malabsorption
• Osteoporosis
• Metabolic alkalosis
• Metabolic acidosis
142. What are the cells in the stomach that secrete intrinsic factor?
• Parietales
• Mucosa
• Main
• D cells
• G Cells
• Dehydration
• Prolonged administration of PN
• Septicemia
• Obesity II
• Obesity I
• Normal
• Overweight
• Obesity III
145. The ureter, in relation to the uterine artery and the uterus travels to:
• 1cm above the artery and 1cm from the uterine body
• Needle aspiration
• In pre-menopausal women
• Functional cysts
• Cysts larger than 3 cm
• Acute appendicitis
• Cholecystitis
• Thrombosed hemorrhoids
• Rectal prolapse
• Complicated diverticulitis
149. What analytical studies are useful in the diagnosis of placental abruption?
• Second quarter
• First quarter
• In any quarter
• Surgery is contraindicated
155. What is the ideal age range for pectus excavatum repair?
• In newborns
• In adolescence
• After puberty
156. What is an anomaly associated with common bile duct cysts in children?
• Duodenal atresia
• Cryptorchidism
• Pectus excavatum
• Umbilical hernia
• Meckel's diverticulum
158. The newborn was evaluated and found to be very irritable, with bilious vomiting that
did not allow an adequate examination. The abdominal radiograph shows a "double
bubble" image. Duodenal atresia is diagnosed. What is the surgical treatment of choice?
• Duodenoduodenostomy
• Gastroduodenostomy
• Ladd Technique
• Duodenal pexy
• Gastrointestinal bleeding
• Intestinal obstruction
• Invagination
• Incarceration
• Abdominal mass
160. What are the anomalies most frequently associated with high anorectal
malformation?
• Urological
• Cardiovascular
• Digestive
• Pulmonary
• Hosea
161. What are the clinical manifestations that distinguish intussusception from
acute appendicitis in preschool children?
• Cardiac tamponade
• Arterial hypertension
• Female gender
• Alcoholism
• Stroke
164. Male, 23 years old, with sick time of 6 hours, presenting progressive dyspnea.
Examination: jugular ingurgitation, blood pressure 90/60 mm Hg, trachea deviated to
the side.
What is the emergency surgical management?
• Needle decompression
• Pericardiocentesis
• Exploratory thoracotomy
• Thoracoscopy
• Hamartoma
• Teratoma
• Blastoma
• Neuroma
• Xanthoma
• Recurrent hemoptysis
• Respiratory insufficiency
• Localized lesion
• In neoformed cavity
• In recurrence
• II,VII,IX,X
• I,XII,V,IX
• IV,V,X,XI
• III,V,VII,X
• III,V,VI,X
168. What is the Beck triad found in penetrating heart injuries suggestive of
cardiac tamponade?
169. 24-year-old male, with open thoracic stab wound in the right
subscapular region, radiologically with an approximate hemothorax of 1200
cc.
What is the first recommended indication?
• Evacuative thoracentesis
• 12 U/ml
• 6 U/ml
• 8 U/ml
• 4 U/ml
• 10 U/ml
A. 4 - 14
B. 20 – 24
C. 22 – 28
D. 25 – 30
E. 34 - 40
172. A 28-year-old woman comes to the emergency room with a sudden and intense
headache, "thundering", nausea and vomiting. On interrogation, she refers that the pain
is "the most intense of all her life"; according to these data, what is your first diagnostic
suspicion?
• Subarachoid hemorrhage
• Migraine
• Meningitis
173. Patient reports low back pain, pain in the right thigh, associated with decreased
strength in the lower limb on the same side. At what level is the disc lesion located?
• L4
• L2
• L3
• L5
• S1
• Previous Communicator
• Anterior choroidal
175. What is the entity where posterior (seborrheic) blepharitis with Meibomian gland
dysfunction is frequent?
• Sjögren's syndrome
• Bacterial keratitis
• Stye
• Dacryocystitis
• Be briefer
• It is longer
• Equal number of letters in the different lines
• Medium drusen (>63 um, but < 125 um) without pigmentary abnormalities of AMD
179. Which knee ligament is affected depending on the mechanism of direct blow on the
anterior tibia with the knee flexed, by hyperflexion or hyperextension ("splash injury")?
• Posterior cruciate
• Inner side
• External side
• Anterior cruciate
• Rotuliano
180. In the initial care of the polytraumatized patient, when confronted
with evidence of a displaced pelvic fracture, what is the initial course of
action?
• Retrograde cystography
181. What is the initial treatment of fractures of the middle third of the clavicle?
182. A 25-year-old male falls with the upper limb in extension and external rotation, and
the shoulder is abducted. On examination he presents with the epaulette sign, which
nerve is most likely to be affected?
• Axillary (circumflex)
• Supra scapular
• Sub scapular
• Medium
• Clavicle
• Ankle
• Tibia
184. A 45 year-old man comes to the clinic because of pelvic pain that makes it difficult
for him to walk. Radiological examination of the area shows calcifications in "corn
rosettes". What is his probable diagnosis?
• Chondrosarcoma
• Osteosarcoma
• Desmoplastic fibroma
• Tumor metastasis
• Ewing's sarcoma
185. Which of the non-displaced fractures of the wrist bones may require surgical
treatment?
• Scaphoid
• Semilunar
• Trapeze
• Pyramidal
• Large bone
187. Which of the injuries are related to and result from direct trauma to the arm
or a fall with the arm in extension, especially in the elderly?
• Shoulder dislocation
• Polymicrobials
• Anaerobes
• Aerobes
• Gram positive
• Gram negative
• Prostate cancer
• Bladder cancer
• Kidney cancer
• Nephrolithiasis
190. Older men more often present with absence of erectile function that is
secondary to:
• Vascular insufficiency
• Prostate adenoma
• Hypogonadism
• Testicular hypoplasia
• Varicocele
• Calcium oxalate
• Magnesium phosphate
• Ammonium phosphate
• Mixed
192. What is the cause of the visceral symptoms presented by a patient with
obstructiveuret. eral lithiasis?
• Pyelonephritis
• Vesicoureteral Reflux
• III
• IV
• II
• I
• V
• Varicocele
• Epididymal cyst
• Hydrocele
• Hydronephrosis
• 2 years
• 1 year
• 6 months
• 5 years
• 3 years