Jose Rizal and the

Philippine National
Literature
Week Week 1

Date @June 14, 2023

Files

Notes tested on quiz

Unit/mod M1

Jose Rizal
Introduction

born on June 19, 1861, in Calamba, Laguna, Philippines

instilled in him the value of education and patriotism

Early Life of Jose Rizal

from a family of wealthy landowners and intellectuals

Francisco Mercado (father) and Teodora Alonso (mother)

Seventh of eleven children

Rizal was sent to schools in Manila and Biñan

He eventually went to Europe to further his studies

His travels exposed him to various cultures and ideas,

which influenced his thinking and writing

Jose Rizal and the Philippine National Literature 1

 Jose Rizal's Nationalism

Exposure to the injustices in the Philippines

Writings that sparked the Philippine Revolution

Jose Rizal's Exile and Martyrdom

Reasons for his exile to Dapitan and later to Manila

Trial and execution

Legacy of Jose Rizal

Impact of his writings and ideas on Philippine society

Celebrations and commemorations in honor of Jose Rizal

Conclusion

Significance of Jose Rizal's life and works

Lessons that can be learned from his example

💡 Jose Rizal is a renowned figure in Philippine history who

inspired the fight for freedom against Spanish
colonization. His novels, Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo, exposed corruption and injustices during
that era. Born in Laguna, Rizal came from a family of
intellectuals who valued education and patriotism. He
advocated reforms and fought for Filipinos' rights,
leading to the Philippine Revolution in 1896. Rizal was
exiled to Zamboanga, where he practiced medicine and
engaged in artistic pursuits. He was sentenced to death
in 1896, becoming a martyr for the Filipino struggle for
freedom. His works continue to inspire and are studied
worldwide. Rizal Day is celebrated every December 30 in
his honor. Jose Rizal serves as a reminder of the
importance of education, critical thinking, and standing
up for what is right.

Jose Rizal and the Philippine National Literature 2

 Literature
from the Latin word litera, which means letter

a reflection of human ideas and thoughts expressed

aesthetically (Azurin, n.d)

a mirror of the history of a nation

Literary Periods in the Philippine Literature

1.) Pre-colonial Literature (B.C. - 1564 AD)

2.) Spanish Colonialism (1565 - 1898)

a.) Nationalistic/Propaganda (1864 - 1896)

b.) Period of Enlightenment (1872 - 1898)

3.) American Colonialism (1898 - 1941)

4.) Japanese Colonialism (1941 - 1945)

5.) Period of Activism (1946 - 1985)

6.) Contemporary Period (1986 - present)

Spanish - Dominated Philippines:

Context:
Baybayin to roman alphabets; inculcation of the catholic
doctrines

Doctrina Christiana by Fr. J. Placencia and D. Nieva

(First Spanish book printed in the Philippines in 1593) &
Nuestra Senora del Rosario by Fr. B. San Jose (Second book
printed)

Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala (Vocabulary of Tagalog

Language): the first Tagalog dictionary by Fr. Pedro San
Buenaventura in 1613

Urbana at Felisa: Written by Modesto de Castro (Father of

Classic Prose). Influential in suggesting an ideal

Jose Rizal and the Philippine National Literature 3

 behavior of a woman

NINAY, as authored by Alejandro Paterno, is the first

Filipino novel published. The storyline is similar to
Rizal’s Noli Me Tangere

Jose Rizal and His Literary Career

(Mojares,1996)
Jose Rizal as a Literary Genius

a.) In 1980, he was 19 years old and won the first prize in a
literary contest in Manila & it was the Birth year of the
Propaganda movement

b.) Allegorical Essay: El Consejo de los Dioses: Cervantes as

an icon of reason ➞ truth

c.) Rizal, as a writer, reinforced the idea of “social

correction” (Spain is good but sometimes unjust)

e.) Literary works as a reflection of his subversive ideas

and critical analysis of 19th Century Nation Building in the
Philippines

Literary Elites in the 19th Century in the

Philippines:
Spanish: Filipinos (Native disciples):

Felipe del Pan Isabelo Delos Reyes

Francisco de Paula Entrala Pascual Poblete

Antonio Vasquez de Aldana

Steps in Inventing National Literature:

Jose Rizal and the Philippine National Literature 4