RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

CIA-3

TITLE: Climate Action Research Report

Submission date: 28th December 2020

Submitted to

Prof. Ramanath HR

Submitted By

NAME REGISTRATION NO. CONTRIBUTION

Hypothesis, Sampling
AMIT KUMAR 2027103
Technique, Questions
Reason for climate change,
PRATIBHA KUMARI 2027108 Type of research, Research
problem
PARTHA SARADHI 2027132 Introduction, Literature review
Research method, Data source,
SOUMYA VERMA 2027143
Ethical issue
Questionnaire, Research
SARITA KUMARI 2027145 analysis, interpretation, findings
and suggestions
Questionnaire, Research
RESHMA MENON 2027153 analysis, interpretation, findings
and suggestion
INTRODUCTION:

Today sustainable development is the most frequently used concepts in both academic and
everyday life and in businesses as well as organizations. Considering the wide acceptance of
sustainable development, it is paradoxical that there are interpretations that seem to have
nothing in common except the concept itself. Climate Action is one of 17 sustainable goals.

The Sustainable development Goals (SDGs), also known as the Global Goals, were adopted
by all United Nations member States in 2015 as a universal call to action to end poverty,
protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity by 2030. Achieving
the SDGs requires the partnership of governments, private sector, civil society and citizens
alike to make sure we leave a better planet for future generations.

The 17 sustainable goals that are meant in changing the world for the sustainable future are
developed by UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) and those goals include all
the aspects form No poverty to partnerships to achieve the goal.

1) No poverty

2) Zero Hunger

3) Good Health and Well-being

4) Quality Education

5) Gender Equality

6) Clean Water and Sanitation

7) Affordable and Clean Energy

8) Decent Work and Economic Growth

9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure

10) Reduced Inequality

11) Sustainable Cities and Communities

12) Responsible Consumption and Production

13) Climate Action

14) Life below water

15) Life on land

16) Peace and Justice Strong Institutions

17) Partnerships to achieve the Goal.

These are the 17 sustainable Goals developed to make the world a better place to live.

The Research is taken up on the 13th Goal which is the Climate Action; The Climate change
is one of the most important global environmental challenges, with implications for food
production, water supply, health, energy, etc. Addressing climate change requires a good
scientific understanding as well as coordinated action at national and global level. The
Projected climate change under various scenarios is likely to have implications on food
production, water supply, coastal settlements, forest ecosystems, health, energy security, etc.
The adaptive capacity of communities likely to be impacted by climate change is low in
developing countries.

RESEARCH PROBLEM:

Global warming, Greenhouse gases influence climate problem in India.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS & HYPOTHESIS:

The study aims at exploring and determining the validity of the below assumptions:
1. Respondents are aware about the effects of climate change
Questions in the survey targeting the above assumption are:
o Human activities have no significant impact on global temperatures
 o Nature is strong enough to cope with the impact of modern industrial nations
o My transportation choices impact greenhouse gas emissions
2. Respondents are aware about the impact of global warming
Questions in the survey targeting the above assumption are:
o I am concerned that climate change will harm the future generations
o I am concerned that climate change will harm me and my family
3. Respondents are willing to act towards the preservation of the environment
Questions in the survey targeting the above assumption are:
o What actions do you already take to reduce your greenhouse gases at home or
at work?
o The government should provide incentives for people to look after the
environment
4. Respondents possess a proactive attitude towards saving the environment
Questions in the survey targeting the above assumption are:
o If I come across information about climate change I will tend to look at it
o I would only do my bit to reduce climate change if everyone else did as well

The hypotheses formulated based on the above assumptions are as follows:

• Age and willingness to act
H0: There is no significant relationship between Age and the willingness to act
H1: There is a significant relationship between Age and the willingness to act
• Age and level of awareness
H0: There is no significant relationship between Age and the level of awareness
H1: There is a significant relationship between Age and the level of awareness
• Gender And Attitude Towards Environment Preservation
H0: There is no significant relationship between Age and the attitude of respondents
H1: There is a significant relationship between Age and the attitude of respondents
LITERATURE REVIEW:

The need to connect the field of climate change and sustainable development has been
increasingly recognized in the climate change literature.

• Tariq Banuri & John Weyant (1999): The Third Assessment Report of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has suggested that sustainable
development may be the most effective way to frame the mitigation question.
Previous IPCC assessment reports sought to facilitate this pursuit by comprehensively
describing, cataloguing and comparing technologies and policy instruments that could
be used to achieve mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions in a cost effective and
efficient manner. Climate Change involves complex interactions between climatic,
environmental, economic, political, institutional, social and technological processes.
• Smit & Burton (2000): A crucial dimension of climate change is adaptation and
facing its impacts adaptation to climate variability and change is important both for
impact assessment and for policy development to systematically specify and
differentiate adaptations, based up on climate stimuli include changes in long-term
mean conditions and variability about means, both current and future, and including
extremes. Adaptation depends fundamentally on the characteristics of the system of
interest, including its sensitivities and vulnerabilities. The contribution of conceptual
and numerical models and empirical studies to the understanding of adaptation
outlines approaches to the normative evaluation of adaptation measures and strategies.
• Swart and B Robinson (2003): The linkage between climate change and broader
issues related to population, lifestyle, environment and development is a constant
theme in a recent review of social science literature relevant to climate change.
Climate change and sustainability development have been addressed in largely
separate circles in both research and policy, there strong linkages between the two in
areas, scientific linkages and the opportunities they provide for the integrated policy
development and the necessity to consider the risk of trade-offs. It is suggested that
integration may not only provide new opportunities, but may even be a prerequisite
for successfully addressing both issues. The arguments are supported by a range of
examples for various economic sectors in the areas of both mitigation and adaptation
largely drawn from IPCC’s Third assessment Report.
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES:

• To analyse the impact of greenhouse gases on the atmosphere

• To analyse the impact of Global warming impact on the atmosphere
• To observe the other factors involved in climate change
• To give suitable suggestion for mitigating climate change

ETHICAL ISSUES:

• Dishonesty: Copying of other’s work and presenting it as our own work is a serious
ethical issue in research. Plagiarism should be avoided.
• Biases: Bias is the judgment or perception towards a particular community and in
research it can lead to distorted results and wrong conclusions .Hence, it should be
avoided.
• Not respecting intellectual property right: Others work should be respected and can be
used to gain insights but should not be copied as it can lead to infringement of
copyright. The work should always be acknowledged with proper referencing.
• Disobeying laws: If the laws and order are not been followed then it can even be seen
as an ethical issue in research.
• Posing harm to others: If the research can ham the sentiments of others and has the
ability to hurt a person mentally or physically then it is better not to conduct that
research.

Reason for climate change and its impact

Peoples are progressively affecting the atmosphere and the world’s temperature by
consuming petroleum products, chopping down rainforests and farming livestock. This adds
gigantic measures of ozone harming substances to those normally happening in the air,
expanding the greenhouse effect and global warming

Greenhouse Gases

Green house in the earth’s atmosphere is most commonly produced by human activities,
gases, some of them occur naturally but humans are contributing more towards its increased
percentage in the air. Ex-carbon dioxide (CO2), methane, nitrous oxide, fluorinated gases
CO2 is the ozone harming substance most ordinarily created by human exercises and it is
answerable for 64% of man-made global warming. Its fixation in the climate is presently 40%
higher than it was when industrialization started.

Other ozone harming substances are discharged in more modest amounts; however they trap
heat undeniably more successfully than CO2, and now and again are a large number of times
more grounded. Methane is answerable for 17% of man-made global warming, nitrous oxide
for 6%.

• Consuming coal, oil and bring out carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide.
• Chopping down timberlands (deforestation). Trees help to control the atmosphere by
engrossing CO2 from the environment. So when they are chopped down, that valuable
impact is lost and the carbon put away in the trees is delivered into the environment,
adding to the greenhouse impact.
• Expanding animals cultivating. Dairy animals and sheep produce a lot of methane
when they digest their food.
• Manures containing nitrogen produce nitrous oxide emanations.
• Fluorinated gases produce an exceptionally solid warming impact, up to 23 000 times
more noteworthy than CO2. Fortunately these are delivered in more modest amounts
and are being staged somewhere around EU guideline.
• Human populace is developing exponentially. An progressively increasing population
needs an ever increasing number of resources, which paces up the expansion in
greenhouse gas from production processes.

Global Warming

It is phenomenon of change in the climate due to increase in earth’s temperature which alters
the climate adjusts and environments for quite a while. It is straightforwardly connected to
the expansion of ozone harming substances in our environment, deteriorating the greenhouse
impact.

The current worldwide normal temperature is 0.85ºC higher than it was in the late nineteenth
century. Every one of the previous thirty years has been hotter than any first decade since
records started in 1850. The world's driving atmosphere researchers think human exercises
are in all likelihood the primary driver of the warming since the centre of the twentieth
century. An expansion of 2°C contrasted with the temperature in pre-modern occasions is
seen by researchers as the edge past which there is a lot higher danger that perilous and
potentially calamitous changes in the worldwide climate will happen. Thus, the worldwide
network has perceived the need to continue warming underneath 2°C.s

Water resources

Due to increasing population, rapid industrialization, expanding agriculture are the main
cause of lacking water resources as India’s rich water resources are not distributed evenly and
due this activities their shortage in the atmosphere has started long back. According to Indian
ministry the water available per person decreased from 3450 cm to 1250 cm and it will
continue to decrease till 2050 up to 760 cm.

Effects on the atmosphere

• Rising sea levels - Heat causes the liquefying of the ice at the poles, which expands
the ocean level and takes steps to engulf coastal communities and little island states.
• Ocean acidification-The assimilation of an excess of CO₂ causes passing and
infection among fish, green growth, coral and different living beings in the ocean.
• Extreme Climate condition - Tropical storms, tornadoes, hurricanes, dry spell,
floods, downpour and day off, increment in their level of brutality because of a
dangerous atmospheric deviation, causing more passing, casualties, evacuees and
material harm.
• Extinction of species
Due to desertification and change in ecosystem it leads to death of species every year
between 10,000-50,000

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:
This research is based on information collected from primary and secondary source. After the
detailed study, an attempt has been made to present comprehensive analysis on Climate
Action. The data is used to analyse the impact of greenhouse gases on the atmosphere, to
analyse the impact of Global warming impact on the atmosphere, to observe the other factors
involved in climate change and to give suitable suggestion for mitigating climate change. In
collecting requisite data and information regarding the topic selected, we tried to collect
maximum data as possible.
TYPES OF RESEARCH

This research is exploratory in nature and qualitative in nature as the information was
gathered utilizing a questionnaire. The examination would give inside and out investigation
of the factor influencing environmental change.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE:

Our study uses Purposive Random Sampling (also known as judgments, selective or
necessary choices) as a way of making examples where the researcher relies on his or her
decision when selecting community members to participate in the study.

Purposive sampling is an unconventional form of the piece and occurs when "sample
selections are selected at the discretion of the researcher. Investigators often believe they can
get a damaged sample through rational judgment, which will lead to saving time and money”.
TV reporters stop certain people on the street from asking their views on specific political
changes are a famous example of this modelling process. However, it is essential to clarify
that a TV journalist must exercise judgment when deciding who will stand in the street to ask
questions; otherwise, it could be the case with random measurement techniques.

Alternatively, a purposive sampling approach may be used where only a limited number of
people can serve as the primary data sources due to the research design and objectives'
nature. For example, in a study analysing the impact of personal grief, such as the loss of a
family in senior managers' performance, a researcher could use his or her decision to select
high-level managers who could include in-depth discussions. In this sampling, personal
judgment needs to be used to select cases that help answer research questions or achieve
research objectives.

DATA COLLECTION METHODS:

In this research study primary and secondary source are been used for collecting data:
Primary Source: Primary data are those data which is been collected from first hand
sources. The data is been collected through survey where questionnaires related to Climate
Action was been circulated among both working and non-working professionals belonging to
different age groups in order to gain better understanding about climate change, its impact on
the environment and measures adopted or activities been promoted by individuals in order to
lead a clean and green life.
Secondary Source: Secondary data refers to data which is been collected by someone else
other than the user. In the research study, online journals, books and Wikipedia were been
used which helped in getting better insights and information about the topic concerned.

RESEARCH METHODS:

Research methods are the strategies, processes or techniques utilized in the collection of data
or evidence for analysis in order to uncover new information or create better understanding of
a topic. There are different types of research methods which use different tools for data
collection.

1) Survey: Survey means collecting data from the selected group of respondents. Survey
was been conducted in this research where questionnaires were been prepared and
distributed to a group of working and non-working respondents through Google forms
where the answers were recorded and later been used for interpretation.
2) Questionnaire: A set of questions related to Climate change and its impact were been
given to respondents to know about their understanding regarding its harmful impact
and to know about the contribution taken by individuals in creating a healthy and safe
environment.
 ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION

TABLE 1: AGE OF THE RESPONDENTS

Particulars No. of Respondents Percentages

18-25 57 89.1%
26-35 6 9.4%
36-45 0 0%
46-60 1 1.6%
61 and above 0 0%
Total 64 100%

INTERPRETATION
Majority of the respondents are in the range of 18-25 years of age.
 TABLE 2: GENDER OF RESPONDENTS

Particulars No. of Respondents Percentages

Male 30 46.9%
Female 34 53.1%
Non-Binary 0 0%
Total 64 100

INTERPRETATION
Approximately equal percentage of males and females participated in the survey.
TABLE 3: VIEW ON GLOBAL WARMING

Particulars No. of Respondent Percentage

A myth, not real 1 1.6%
Potential future threat 32 50%
Worsening current 25 39.1%
situation
Uncertain about whether 6 9.4%
climate change is really
happening
Total 64 100%

INTERPRETATION
Half of the respondents considered global warming as a potential future threat. Two-
fifth of them believed it to be worsening the current situation. Very few believed
global warming as a myth.
From question No. 6-29, respondents were asked to choose from the scale of 1-5
(1 being strongly disagree whereas 5 being strongly agree)

TABLE 4: CONCERN THAT CLIMATE CHANGE WILL HARM ME AND

MY FAMILY

Scale No. of Respondent Percentage

1 1 1.6%
2 0 0%
3 11 17.2%
4 14 21.9%
5 38 59.4%
Total 64 100%

INTERPRETATION
Approx. 80% (in the scale of 4-5) of the respondents were concerned about the
climate change affecting them and their family. Less than 2 % were not concerned
about its effects.
TABLE 5: CONCERN THAT CLIMATE CHANGE WILL HARM THE
FUTURE GENERATION

Scale No. of Respondent Percentage

1 1 1.6%
2 1 1.6%
3 3 4.7%
4 8 12.5%
5 51 79.7%
Total 64 100%

INTERPRETATION
Around 90% support the fact that climate change will harm the future generation.
TABLE 6: GLOBAL WARMING IS CAUSED BY HUMAN ACTIVITIES

Scale No. of Respondent Percentage

1 1 1.6%
2 2 3.1%
3 2 3.1%
4 21 32.8%
5 38 59.4%
Total 64 100%

INTERPRETATION
Approx. 95% believe that global warming is caused by human activities.
TABLE 7: PERSONALLY OBSERVED THE EFFECTS OF GLOBAL
WARMING

Scale No. of Respondent Percentage

1 1 1.6%
2 9 14.1%
3 10 15.6%
4 24 37.5%
5 20 31.3%
Total 64 100%

INTERPRETATION
Majority of the respondents agree that they have personally experienced the effects of
global warming.
TABLE 8: INDIVIDUAL ACTIONS CONTRIBUTE TO THE GLOBAL
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE

Scale No. of Respondent Percentage

1 2 3.1%
2 6 9.4%
3 3 29.7%
4 13 20.3%
5 24 37.5%
Total 64 100%

INTERPRETATION

Majority of the respondent agree that their individual actions contribute to the global
impacts of climate change.
TABLE 9: CLIMATE CHANGE IS A VERY SERIOUS PROBLEM

Scale No. of Respondent Percentage

1 1 1.6%
2 0 0%
3 4 6.3%
4 14 21.9%
5 45 70.3%
Total 64 100%

INTERPRETATION
90% of the respondents agree that climate change is a very serious problem.
TABLE 10: VIEW THAT ENERGY-EFFICIENT HOMES HELP REDUCE
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

Scale No. of Respondent Percentage

1 1 1.6%
2 3 4.7%
3 12 18.8%
4 27 42.2%
5 21 32.8%
Total 64 100%

INTERPRETATION
35% of the respondents strongly agree that energy efficient homes help in reducing
greenhouse gas emissions. Around 5% only disagree to the above question.
TABLE 11: VIEW THAT TRANSPORTATION CHOICES IMPACT
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

Scale No. of Respondent Percentage

1 1 1.6%
2 2 3.1%
3 11 17.2%
4 26 40.6%
5 24 37.5%
Total 64 100%

INTERPRETATION
80% agree that the transportation choice made by them impact greenhouse gas
emissions.
TABLE 12: VIEW THAT HOME ELECTRICITY USE AND
HEATING/COOLING CONTRIBUTE TO GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

Scale No. of Respondent Percentage

1 0 0%
2 3 4.7%
3 19 29.7%
4 18 28.1%
5 24 37.5%
Total 64 100%

INTERPRETATION
Majority of people agree that home electricity use and heating/ cooling contribute to
the greenhouse gas emission.
TABLE 13: VIEW THAT WORKPLACE ELECTRICITY USE AND
HEATING/COOLING CONTRIBUTE TO GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

Scale No. of Respondent Percentage

1 1 1.6%
2 2 3.1%
3 12 18.8%
4 21 32.8%
5 28 43.8%
Total 64 100%

INTERPRETATION
Data collected from the respondent shows that more than 70% of people agree that the
workplace electricity use contributes to greenhouse gas emission.
TABLE 14: VIEW THAT SOLID WASTE – OR TRASH – SENT TO THE
LANDFILL CONTRIBUTES TO GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

Scale No. of Respondent Percentage

1 1 1.6%
2 1 1.6%
3 13 20.3%
4 22 34.4%
5 27 42.2%
Total 64 100%

INTERPRETATION
More than 70% of the respondent agree that the solid waste sent to the landfill
contributes to greenhouse gas emission. Around 20.3% of the respondent have a
neutral stand.
TABLE 15: WE CAN ALL DO OUR BIT TO REDUCE THE EFFECTS OF
CLIMATE CHANGE

Scale No. of Respondent Percentage

1 1 1.6%
2 0 0%
3 9 14.1%
4 6 9.4%
5 48 75%
Total 64 100%

INTERPETATION

Majority of respondents (more than 75%), believe that individuals efforts can help to
reduce the effects of climate change.
TABLE 16: CLIMATE CHANGE IS INEVITABLE BECAUSE OF THE WAY
MODERN SOCIETY WORKS

Scale No. of Respondent Percentage

1 2 3.1%
2 7 10.9%
3 10 15.6%
4 21 32.8%
5 24 37.5%
Total 64 100%

INTERPRETATION
More than 60% of the respondent believe that climate change is inevitable because of
the ways modern society works. 15.6% have a neutral opinion, whereas few of them
don’t agree with this.
TABLE 17: PEOPLE SHOULD BE MADE TO REDUCE THEIR ENERGY
CONSUMPTION IF IT REDUCES CLIMATE CHANGE

Scale No. of Respondent Percentage

1 0 0%
2 2 3.1%
3 12 18.8%
4 18 28.1%
5 32 50%
Total 64 100%

INTERPRETATION

Majority of the people agree that people should be made to reduce their energy
consumption if it reduces climate change.
TABLE 18: CLIMATE CHANGE IS JUST A NATURAL FLUCTUATION IN
EARTH’S TEMPERATURES

Scale No. of Respondent Percentage

1 14 21.9%
2 16 25%
3 19 29.7%
4 6 9.4%
5 9 14.1%
Total 64 100%

INTERPRETATION

Majority of respondent don’t agree that climate change is just a natural fluctuation in
earth’s temperature. Significant amount of respondent has a neutral stand on this.
TABLE 19: I WOULD ONLY DO MY BIT TO REDUCE CLIMATE
CHANGE IF EVERYONE ELSE DID AS WELL

Scale No. of Respondent Percentage

1 16 25%
2 14 21.9%
3 10 15.6%
4 8 12.5%
5 16 25%
Total 64 100%

INTERPRETATION
For the above question there are reasonable no. of people who agree as well as
disagree. 46.9% people will continue to do work towards reducing the effect of
climate change irrespective of other people actions, whereas 37% responded that they
will work towards reducing the effect of climate change only when everyone else
around them do their share of work.
TABLE 20: THE GOVERNMENT SHOULD PROVIDE INCENTIVES FOR
PEOPLE TO LOOK AFTER THE ENVIRONMENT

Scale No. of Respondent Percentage

1 3 4.7%
2 6 9.4%
3 6 9.4%
4 22 34.4%
5 27 42.2%
Total 64 100%

INTERPRETATION

Majority of respondents agree that the government should provide incentives to

people who look after the environment.
TABLE 20: IT IS ALREADY TOO LATE TO DO ANYTHING ABOUT
CLIMATE CHANGE

Scale No. of Respondent Percentage

1 18 28.1%
2 13 20.3%
3 15 23.4%
4 8 12.5%
5 10 15.6%
Total 64 100%

INTERPRETATION

48.4% respondent disagree that its too late to do anything about the climate change.
Significant amount of people (23.4%) respondent is not sure whether it is too late to
do anything about climate change or still things can be improved. 28.1% respondents
agree that its to late to do anything about climate change.
TABLE 21: HUMAN ACTIVITIES HAVE NO SIGNIFICANT IMPACT ON
GLOBAL TEMPERATURES

Scale No. of Respondent Percentage

1 32 50.8%
2 11 17.5%
3 4 6.3%
4 10 15.9%
5 6 9.5%
Total 63 100%

INTERPRETATION

Majority of respondent (68.3%) disagree that human activities have no significant

impact on global temperatures.
TABLE 22: Leaving the lights on in my home adds to climate change

Scale No. of Respondent Percentage

1 6 9.4%
2 5 7.8%
3 14 21.9%
4 25 39.1%
5 14 21.9%
Total 63 100%

INTERPRETATION

61% respondent agree that leaving the lights on in the house adds to the climate
change. 21.9% respondent are not sure about it.
TABLE 23: IF I COME ACROSS INFORMATION ABOUT CLIMATE
CHANGE, I WILL TEND TO LOOK AT IT

Scale No. of Respondent Percentage

1 2 3.1%
2 1 1.6%
3 14 21.9%
4 22 34.4%
5 25 39.1%
Total 64 100%

INTERPRETATION

Majority (73.5%) respondent agree that if they come across information regarding
climate change, they tend to look at it.
TABLE 24: NATURE IS STRONG ENOUGH TO COPE WITH THE
IMPACT OF MODERN INDUSTRIAL NATIONS

Scale No. of Respondent Percentage

1 12 18.8%
2 20 31.3%
3 20 31.3%
4 3 4.7%
5 9 14.1%
Total 64 100%

INTERPRETATION
50.1% respondent disagree with the statement that nature is strong enough to cope
with the impact of modern industrial nations, however considerable no of respondent
is not sure about this.
TABLE 25: I feel a moral duty to do something about climate change.

Scale No. of Respondent Percentage

1 0 0%
2 2 3.1%
3 9 14.1%
4 16 25%
5 37 57.8%
Total 64 100%

INTERPRETATION

Majority of the respondent agree that it is their moral duty to do something about
climate change.
TABLE 26: The government is not doing enough to tackle climate change.

Scale No. of Respondent Percentage

1 1 1.6%
2 5 7.8%
3 18 28.1%
4 20 31.3%
5 20 31.3%
Total 64 100%

INTERPRETATION

62.6% respondent agree that the government is not doing enough to tackle climate
change.
TABLE 27: Will the actions we take today to be enough to forestall the direct
impacts of climate change? Or is it too little too late?

Particulars No. of Respondents Percentages

Yes 41 65.1%
No 13 20.6%
It’s late 9 14.3%
Total 63 100%

INTERPRETATION

Majority of respondent (65.1%) believe that the action taken today will be enough to
forestall the direct impact of climate change.
TABLE 28: Will taking action make our lives better or safer, or will it only make a
difference to future generations?

Particulars No. of Respondents Percentages

It will help us all 52 83.9%
It will help only future 10 16.1%
generation
Total 62 100%

INTERPRETATION

83.9% respondent believe that, taking action to reduce climate change, will help us
all.
TABLE 29: How will measure to cut carbon emissions affect my life in terms of
cost?

Particulars No. of Respondents Percentages

Affordable 33 54.1%
Expensive 18 29.5%
No Change 10 16.4%
Total 61 100%

INTERPRETATION

Majority (54.1%) respondent say that cutting carbon emission is affordable, whereas
29.5% say that it will be expensive.
TABLE 30: Given that renewable sources provide only a small percentage of our
energy and that nuclear power is so expensive, what can we realistically do to get
off fossil fuels as soon as possible?

Particulars No. of Respondents Percentages

Work on current 19 30.6%
alternative
Seek for more 21 33.9%
alternative
Change in consumption 22 35.5%
Total 62 100%

INTERPRETATION

35.5% of respondent say that change in consumption pattern will in reducing the use
of fossil fuel. 33.9% say that we need to seek for more alternatives and 30.65 say that
we continue working on the current alternatives.
TABLE 31: Will the remedies to climate change are worse than the disease? Will it
drive more people into poverty with higher costs?

Particulars No. of Respondents Percentages

We will find a solution 26 42.6%
The future is alarming 35 57.4%
Total 61 100%

INTERPRETATION
57.4% of the respondent say that the future is alarming and the remedies to the
climate change are costly, which in turn will push more people into poverty.
TABLE 32: So, finally, doing what needs to be done to combat climate change all
comes down to political will?

Particulars No. of Respondents Percentages

Yes, government can do 22.6%
wonders
Collective approach and 77.4%
awareness in
sustainable steps, one
planet….one approach
Total 62 100%

INTERPRETATION

77.4% of the respondent say believe that the collective action of government,
individuals and community, along with collective approach and awareness in
sustainable steps will help in reducing climate change.
TABLE 33: Is it possible for developing countries to achieve their development and
climate protection goal at the same time?

Particulars No. of Respondents Percentages

Yes, it is possible 20 32.8%
No, it is impossible 2 3.3%
It is challenging task, 39 63.9%
but it can be achieved
Total 61 100%

INTERPRETATION

Majority of the respondent say that it is challenging for the developing countries to
achieve their development and climate protection goal at the same time, but still it can
be achieved.
TABLE 34: Considering your knowledge about the risks associated with climate
change, how likely are you to recommend a friend or a colleague to promote
activities that will help reduce global warming or to live a clean and green life?
Rate on a scale of 1-10.
Scale No. of Respondents Percentage
1 1 1.6%
2 1 1.6%
3 0 0%
4 0 0%
5 4 6.6%
6 3 4.9%
7 3 4.9%
8 17 27.9%
9 6 9.8%
10 26 42.6%
Total 61 100%

INTERPRETATION

Majority of respondents are likely to recommend a friend or a colleague to promote

activities that will help reduce global warming or to live a clean and green life.
TABLE 35: TO IDENTIFY RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGE AND LEVEL OF
AWARENESS USING CORRELATION ANALYSIS
Correlation is a bivariate analysis that measures the strengths of association between two
variables and the direction of the relationship.

Correlations

Age Cause Effects Indiv_action

Age Pearson Correlation 1 .119 .112 -.005

Sig. (2-tailed) .349 .379 .968

N 64 64 64 64
Cause Pearson Correlation .119 1 .477** .514**

Sig. (2-tailed) .349 .000 .000

N 64 64 64 64
Effects Pearson Correlation .112 .477** 1 .384**

Sig. (2-tailed) .379 .000 .002

N 64 64 64 64
Indiv_action Pearson Correlation -.005 .514** .384** 1

Sig. (2-tailed) .968 .000 .002

N 64 64 64 64
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

From the above table, we infer that the Age of the correspondents have a positive simple
correlation with the awareness regarding the cause of climate change and personal
observation of the harmful effects. Thus, an increase in the age will lead to a positive increase
in the general awareness level of the respondents.
However, an increase in the age of the respondents has a negative correlation with their view
on individual actions impacting climate change globally.
TABLE 36: TO IDENTIFY RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGE AND WILLINGNESS
TO ACT USING CORRELATION ANALYSIS

Correlations

Age Moral duty Gov.

Age Pearson Correlation 1 .025 .177

Sig. (2-tailed) .844 .163

N 64 64 64
moral duty Pearson Correlation .025 1 .114

Sig. (2-tailed) .844 .370

N 64 64 64
Gov. Pearson Correlation .177 .114 1

Sig. (2-tailed) .163 .370

N 64 64 64

From the above table, we infer that the Age of the correspondents have a positive simple
correlation with the sense of moral duty and need for Government incentives.
Thus, an increase in the age of the respondents leads to an increase in the moral sense
towards environmental protection and the dependency on incentives to act individually.
TABLE 37: TO IDENTIFY VARIANCE IN GENDER AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS
ENVIRONMENT PRESERVATION
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a collection of statistical models used to analyse the
differences among group means and their associated procedures.
Null Hypothesis: There is no significant variation between the gender of the individuals and
their attitude
Alternate Hypothesis: There is a significant variation between the gender of the individuals
and their attitude

ANOVA

Sum of
Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Reduce Between Groups 2.651 1 2.651 3.624 .062

Within Groups 45.349 62 .731

Total 48.000 63
Other will Between Groups .002 1 .002 .001 .976

Within Groups 149.435 62 2.410

Total 149.438 63
Info Between Groups 1.218 1 1.218 1.266 .265

Within Groups 59.641 62 .962

Total 60.859 63

From the above table, it can be inferred that the p value is more than 0.05 for the individual’s
attitude in reducing their carbon footprint and willingness to understand additional
information about climate change. Therefore, null hypothesis is accepted and alternate
hypothesis is rejected.
However, the p value for individual’s attitude in performing activities when other do it as
well is less than 0.05. Therefore, alternate hypothesis is accepted and null hypothesis is
rejected.
TABLE 38: TO IDENTIFY RELATION BETWEEN AGE AND
WILLINGNESS TO RECOMMEND AND PROMOTE ECO-FRIENDLY
ACTIVITIES USING REGRESSION ANALYSIS

Linear regression is an approach for modelling the relationship between a scalar dependent
variable y and one or more explanatory variables (or independent variables) denoted X.

Model Summary

Adjusted R Std. Error of the

Model R R Square Square Estimate
a
1 .096 .009 -.008 1.993

This table provides the R and R2 values. The R value represents the simple correlation and is
0.096 (the "R" Column), which indicates a low degree of correlation.

The R2 value (the "R Square" column) indicates how much of the total variation in the
dependent variable, recommendation level, can be explained by the independent
variable, Age. In this case, 9% can be explained, which is relatively small.

ANOVA
Sum of
Model Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1 Regression 2.180 1 2.180 .549 .462b
Residual 234.378 59 3.973
Total 236.557 60

This table indicates that the regression model predicts the dependent variable significantly
well. Here, p > 0.05, which indicates that, overall, the regression model statistically does
not significantly predict the outcome variable.
FINDINGS

• Majority of the respondents are in the range of 18-25 years of age.

Approximately equal percentage of males and females participated in the
survey.
• Half of the respondents considered global warming as a potential future threat.
Two-fifth of them believed it to be worsening the current situation. Very few
believed global warming as a myth. Approx. 80% (in the scale of 4-5) of the
respondents were concerned about the climate change affecting them and their
family. Less than 2 % were not concerned about its effects.
• Around 90% support the fact that climate change will harm the future
generation and approx. 95% believe that global warming is caused by human
activities.
• The respondents agree that they have personally experienced the effects of
global warming and that their individual actions contribute to the global
impacts of climate change.
• 90% of the respondents agree that climate change is a very serious problem,
whereas 35% of the respondents strongly agree that energy efficient homes
help in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Around 5% only disagree to the
above question. 80% agree that the transportation choice made by them impact
greenhouse gas emissions.
• We have found from our research that home electricity use and heating/
cooling contribute to the greenhouse gas emission. Data collected from the
respondent also shows that more than 70% of people agree that the workplace
electricity use contributes to greenhouse gas emission.
• More than 70% of the respondent agree that the solid waste sent to the landfill
contributes to greenhouse gas emission. Around 20.3% of the respondent have
a neutral stand.
• From this research we also got to know that many people believe that
individuals efforts can help to reduce the effects of climate change.
• Many of the respondent believe that climate change is inevitable because of
the ways modern society works. 15.6% have a neutral opinion, whereas few of
them don’t agree with this.
• The respondents agree that the government should provide incentives to
people who look after the environment. Majority of respondent (68.3%)
disagree that human activities have no significant impact on global
temperatures.
• Majority of the respondent agree that it is their moral duty to do something
about climate change. 83.9% respondent believe that, taking action to reduce
climate change, will help us all. 57.4% of the respondent say that the future is
alarming and the remedies to the climate change are costly, which in turn will
push more people into poverty.
• Research shows that it is challenging for the developing countries to achieve
their development and climate protection goal at the same time, but still it can
be achieved.
 • There is a significant relationship between Gender and individual attitude
towards performing tasks only when other perform the activity as well
• There is a positive correlation between age and level of awareness
• There is a negative correlation between age of respondents and their view on
individual actions impacting climate change globally.
• There is a positive correlation between the age of the correspondents and their
sense of moral duty and need for Government incentives.

SUGGESTIONS

• Majority of the people agree that the energy efficient homes will help in
reducing the climate change, hence more energy efficient gadgets and
equipment can be made available in the markets. School and colleges can
encourage students to develop electronics product that are more energy
efficient and releases less carbon and at reasonable price.

• Many respondents agree that citizens should be made to reduce their energy
consumption. One of the ways of doing this, is that every individual and their
household should try to completely shut down their house power supply for at
least one hour per week, this practice will reduce the electricity consumption
as well reduce the impact of the climate change.

• The relationship between age and need for Government incentives indicate
that as the respondents grow older may not continue to find eco-friendly
measures as being “Affordable” and hence, the Government should provide
incentives to attract citizens into preserving the environment

• Based on the relationship between gender and attitude, NGOs and

Government agencies must aim at planning initiatives and programmes
considering the gender of the individuals and the attitude of the population

• Programmes should be aimed at influencing and promoting eco-friendly

activities to the lower age groups and inculcating a moral sense and duty
towards environment preservation

• Developing countries will find it difficult to incorporate and achieve

development and climate change goals together, but still, they should strive for
it. The effect of the climate change will do more damage to developing
countries, as they do not have enough resources to fight against it. There will
be more deaths due to extreme changes in weather conditions and diseases.
Developing countries may find it difficult initial to manage their development
goals while combating climate change, but in long run it will give much better
results.
CONCLUSION
The study helps in understanding views and opinions of the general public towards the
implementation of the UN Sustainability goal – Climate Action. It gives basis to the fact that
implementation of programmes on a global scale is not solely dependent on the pro-
activeness of the Governments but also depends on the individual efforts of every human
being on the planet.
Hence, understanding the perceptions, attitudes and behavioral patterns of the individuals is
key to a successful preservation of the environment.
The research can be used as a reference for the planning of welfare and environmental
protection schemes by the Government of India.
ANNEXURE
 QUESTIONNAIRE
Age
o 18-25
o 26-35
o 36-45
o 46-60
o 61 and above

Gender
o Male
o Female
o Non-binary

Please look at the following list of environmental issues, and select the three issues that
concern you the most.
o Air pollution
o Pollution of rivers and seas
o Flooding
o Poor waste management (e.g. overuse of landfills, ocean dumping)
o Traffic/ congestion
o Climate change
o The hole in the ozone layer
o Using up the earth's resources
o Extinction of species
o Radioactive waste
o Overpopulation (of the earth by humans)

What actions do you already take to reduce your greenhouse gases at home or at
work? (Select all that apply)
o Conserve electricity
o Recycle items
o Limit meat consumption
o Have solar powered electricity
o Drive a hybrid or electric vehicle
o Buy energy efficient light bulbs
o Use public transport, instead of driving
o Ride my bike, instead of driving
o Walk, instead of driving
o Limit buying items that produce waste
o None
o Other:

What is your view on Global Warming?

o A myth, not real
o Potential future threat
o Worsening current situation
o Uncertain about whether climate change is really happening

Neither
Stron Some
Agree Somewhat Strongly
Statement gly what
nor Disagree Disagree
Agree Agree
Disagree
I am concerned that
climate change will
harm me and my
family
I am concerned
climate change will
harm the future
generations
Global warming is
caused by human
activities
I have personally
observed the effects
of global warming
My individual
actions contribute
to the global
impacts of climate
change
Climate change is a
very serious
problem
Energy efficient
homes help reduce
greenhouse gas
emissions
(greenhouse gases
trap heat in the
atmosphere,
leading to rising
global temperatures
& climate change)
My transportation
choices impact
greenhouse gas
emissions
Home electricity
use and
heating/cooling
contribute to
greenhouse gas
emissions
Workplace
electricity use and
heating/cooling
contribute to
greenhouse gas
emissions
Solid waste – or
trash – sent to the
landfill contributes
to greenhouse gas
emissions
We can all do our
bit to reduce the
effects of climate
change
Climate change is
inevitable because
of the way modern
society works
People should be
made to reduce
their energy
consumption if it
reduces climate
change
Climate change is
just a natural
fluctuation in
earth’s
temperatures
I would only do my
bit to reduce
climate change if
everyone else did
as well
The government
should provide
incentives for
people to look after
the environment
It is already too late
to do anything
about climate
change
Human activities
have no significant
impact on global
temperatures
Leaving the lights
on in my home
adds to climate
change
If I come across
information about
climate change I
will tend to look at
it
Nature is strong
enough to cope
with the impact of
modern industrial
nations
I feel a moral duty
to do something
about climate
change
The government is
not doing enough to
tackle climate
change
Q) Will the actions we take today to be enough to forestall the direct impacts of climate
change? Or is it too little too late?
a. Yes
b. No
c. Its late
Q) Will taking action make our lives better or safer, or will it only make a difference to future
generations?
a. It will help us all
b. It will help only future generations
Q) .How will measure to cut carbon emissions affect my life in terms of cost?
a. Affordable
b. Expensive
c. No change
Q) Given that renewable sources provide only a small percentage of our energy and that
nuclear power is so expensive, what can we realistically do to get off fossil fuels as soon as
possible?
a. Work on current alternatives
b. Change in consumption
Seek for more alternatives
Q) Will the remedies to climate change are worse than the disease? Will it drive more people
into poverty with higher costs?
a. We will find a solution
b. The future is alarming
Q) So finally, doing what needs to be done to combat climate change all comes down to
political will?
a. Yes, Government can do wonders
b. Collective approach and awareness in sustainable steps, One planet...one approach.

Q) Is it possible for developing countries to achieve their development and climate protection
goal at the same time?
1) Yes, it is possible
2) No, it is impossible
3) It is a challenging task, but still can be achieved.
Q) Considering your knowledge about the risks associated with climate change, how likely
are you to recommend a friend or a colleague to promote activities that will help reduce
global warming or to live a clean and green life?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
 REFERENCES
Ferrari, B. ( 5th November 2019). STM Publishing House | Impacting the World of Science
Books & Journals, Online & Print

An Interdisciplinary, International Journal Devoted to the Description, Causes and

Implications of Climatic Change (n.d.). innovation enterprise channels.

JOHNSON, T. (FEB 19, 2020). Center for climate change and communication