SHRI JAIRAMBHAI PATEL INSTITUTE OF

BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AND COMPUTER

APPLICATION

Academic Year: 2023

Batch: 2022-2024

Subject:
Research Management

Topic: Factors Influencing Customer Purchase of Electric

Vehicles

Submitted by: Group no. 1

ROLL NUMBER ENROLLMENT NAME
22030 227690592057 MOHINI KUMARI
22008 227690592041 NAYAN JOSHI
22022 227690592103 ZALAK RATHOD
22037 227690592059 SANJAYKUMAR NATHANI
22013 227690592141 ZANZRUKIYA KAUSHAL M
22003 227690592033 Gandhi Anshu Pareshkumar
22071 227690592030 Dhruv Gupta

Submitted to:
Dr Heena Tanki and Dr Tanvi Kothari
(Assistant Professor)
 Index:
Chapter 1

1.1 : Acknowledgement 1.2 : Introduction 1.3 : Research gap

1.4 : Global scenario

1.5 : Details about why this is important?

Chapter 2

2.1 : Table

2.2 : Literature Review:

Chapter 3

3.1 Research Methodology 3.2 Hypotheses &

Model

Chapter 1

1.1 Acknowledgement

Efforts have been done us that we learned various things while undergoing
the project however it won’t be possible without your guidance and gentle
support.
 We are Thankful for your guidance and constant supervision and for
providing the necessary information regarding completing the assignment.

We are even Thankful for those friends who have directly and indirectly
helped us for completing the assignment.
1.2
Introduction

Transport is a fundamental requirement of modern life, but the traditional

combustion engine is quickly becoming outdated. Petrol or diesel vehicles are
highly polluting and are being quickly replaced by fully electric vehicles. Fully
electric vehicles (EV) have zero tailpipe emissions and are much better for the
environment. electric vehicles using BEV battery electric vehicle technology run
entirely on a battery power electric drivetrain. range-extended electric vehicle
(REEV) is a vehicle powered by an electric motor and a plug-in battery. The
electric vehicle revolution is here, and you can be part of it. An auxiliary
combustion engine is used only to supplement battery charging and not as the
primary source of power. Electric vehicles are more efficient, and that combined
with the electricity cost means that charging an electric vehicle is cheaper than
filling petrol or diesel for your travel requirements. there are many types of
electric vehicles in the market today that is Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs)
BEVs are also known as All-Electric Vehicles (AEV).
Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV): The vehicle uses both the internal
combustion (usually petrol) engine and the battery-powered motor powertrain.
The petrol engine is used both to drive and charge when the battery is empty.
These vehicles are not as efficient as fully electric or plug-in hybrid vehicles.
Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV): Electric energy is produced from chemical
energy. For example, a hydrogen FCEV.
Driving an electric vehicle can help you reduce your carbon footprint
because there will be zero tailpipe emissions
Research gap -
Electric vehicles date back to the 1800s. Anyos Istvan Jedlik designed a
prototype of the electric car in 1828; however, it was an American Inventor,
Scotsman Robert Anderson, who developed the first working electric car in the
1830s.

William Morrison created the first electric automobile in the United States in
1891. His six-passenger wagon topped out at 14 miles per hour. And it was
Morrison’s invention that boosted interest in electric vehicles.
1.3

Unlike their steam or gasoline competitors, the vehicles were known for
their smooth, quiet rides and easy-to-control setup. Because early gasoline
cars required many switches to shift gears, which was dangerous and
exhausting, people started opting for electric vehicles, leading to their
popularity and demand.

It was the same period when hybrid versions of EVs were released. As EVs
gained popularity in the United States in the 1900s, the total EVs comprised
33% of the automobile industry. However, it was also the time when its
popularity began to decline.

Because, at that time, EVs failed to cover long-distance and were less advanced,
the liking for motor cars increased. Roads and transportation became better, and
because of slower speed and range, fuel cars took over EVs.

But later in the early 1960s and 1970s, the need for electric vehicles started
increasing slowly because of increasing fuel prices and environmental concerns.
However, it was not until the 1990s when the EVs finally got a noticeable push.
Global scenario

The EV Revolution Today

In today’s era riddled with issues of global warming and emphasis on cutting
carbon, the increased production and uptake of EVs looks inevitable.

Global sales of electric cars increased by around 60% in 2022, surpassing 10

million
the first time, even though car sales broadly were soft last year.
Total car sales, meanwhile, fell close to 0.5%, to around 75 million in 2022 after
growing in 2021. Car markets shrunk the most in the US and EU, by 8% and
4% respectively. This was due partially to component shortages, as well as
rising inflation and higher interest rates. However, places like China saw
passenger car sales increase by more than 10%.
1.4

While the increase does indicate a trend in the push for electrifying vehicles, it
is not enough to offset global CO2 emissions. IEA estimates that CO2 emissions
from SUVs, the most popular type of car bought, worldwide reached almost
billion tons in 2022.
As a result, one in every seven passenger cars bought globally in 2022 was an
EV, according to a recent report by the International Energy Agency (IEA). In
2017, just one in every 70 cars sold was an EV.Coinciding with this trend, sales
of conventional cars with internal combustion engines are down by a quarter in
the last five years. As the environmental impacts of gas-powered vehicles versus
electric ones play out, more people may be convinced to purchase an
EV.Electric vehicle (EV) sales increased in every region of the world as
production increased, oil prices rose, and targeted policies aimed to support
them in the market.
Global EV stock by mode in the Stated Policies Scenario, 2020-2030.
In this scenario, EVs account for about 7% of the road vehicle fleet by 2030. EV
sales reach almost 15 million in 2025 and over 25 million vehicles in 2030,
representing respectively 10% and 15% of all road vehicle sales.
Electric car sales reached a record high in 2021, despite supply chain
bottlenecks and the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic. Compared with 2020, sales
nearly doubled to 6.6 million (a sales share of nearly 9%), bringing the total
number of electric cars on the road to 16.5 million. The sales share of electric
cars increased by 4 percentage points in 2021. The Net Zero Emissions by 2050
Scenario sees an electric car fleet of over 300 million in 2030 and electric cars
accounting for 60% of new car sales.
1.5 Details about why this is important?

because there are major benefits like - lower running cost - Electric
vehicles are more efficient, and that combined with the electricity cost means
that charging an electric vehicle is cheaper than filling petrol or diesel for
your travel requirements.

Low maintenance cost -

Electric vehicles have very low maintenance costs because they don’t have as
many moving parts as an internal combustion vehicle. The servicing
requirements for electric vehicles are lesser than the conventional petrol or diesel
vehicles. Therefore, the yearly cost of running an electric vehicle is significantly
low.

Zero Tailpipe Emissions-

Driving an electric vehicle can help you reduce your carbon footprint because
there will be zero tailpipe emissions. you can reduce the environmental impact
of charging your vehicle further by choosing renewable energy options for home
electricity. Using renewable energy sources can make the use of electric vehicles
more eco-friendly. Using renewable energy sources can make the use of electric
vehicles more eco-friendly.

No noise pollution-
Electric vehicles have the silent functioning capability as there is no engine under
the hood. No engine means no noise. Electric vehicles are so silent that
manufacturers have to add false sounds in order to make them safe for
pedestrians.

Electric Vehicles are easy to drive and quiet –

Electric vehicles don’t have gears and are very convenient to drive. There are no
complicated controls, just accelerate, brake, and steer. When you want to charge
your vehicle, just plug it in to a home or public charger. Electric vehicles are also
quiet, so they reduce noise pollution that traditional vehicle.
Chapter 2
2.1 Table
 Title of Year of Objective Hypotheses Research
Publication Publication Methodology
A review on barrier 2021 To identify the essential H1: The charging port is the Quantitative
and challenges of methods, barriers, and point that permits the vehicle
electric vehical in challenges of using a to connect with an external
india and vehicla battery-operated power supply system through
to grib vehicle in a developing a charger to charge the
optimisation country like India. To battery. H2: Environmental
identify why electric Protection Agency provides a
vehicles could not get fuel economy estimate for
much attention in India. gasoline only and for electric
To create awareness only or gas and electric
about the added operation both for combined
advantages of battery- city-highway driving as a plug-
operated vehicles over in can run on electricity,
conventional fossil- gasoline or a combination of
fueled vehicles in India. two. H3: PHEV uses about 30–
To study different 60% less oil than a
Government initiatives conventional vehicle. Since
taken in promoting electricity is mostly produced
Electric/Hybrid Vehicles. from domestic sources, plug-
in hybrid reduces the
dependency on the oil.

A Study on the 2020 The Government of H(i): Perceived economic Qualitative

Adoption of India has announced benefit is a significant pre-
Electric Vehicles in that all cars need to be dictor of the consumer's BI of
India: The electric by 2030. Society adopting an EV
Mediating Role of of Indian Automobile H(ii): EC is a significant
Attitude Manufacturer (SIAM, predictor of the consumers’ BI
2017) followed this with of adopting an EV
their white paper stating H(iii): SoC.In is a significant
that EVs would make up predictor of the consumers’ BI
40 per cent of new car of adopting an EV
sales by 2030 and 100 H(iv): Self-image (IM) is a
per cent by 2047. This significant predictor of the
milestone date coincides consumers’ BI of adopting an
with 100 years of the EV
country’s independence. H(v): ATT is a significant
predictor of the consumers’ BI
of adopting an EV. H(vi): ATT
mediates the relationship
between perceived economic
benefit and BI of adopting an
EV.

H(vii): ATT mediates the

relationship between EC and
BI of adopting an EV. H(viii):
ATT mediates the
relationship between SoC. In
and BI of adopting an EV.
 H(ix): ARTT mediates the
relationship between SoC. In
and BI of adopting an EV
Command and 2022 To assess public support H1: Policy bundles with C&C Descriptive
control or market- for MBI and C&C instruments receive higher
based instruments for limiting levels of support than those
instruments? vehicular urban air with MBIs
Public support for pollution, we employ a H2: MBIs with revenue
policies to address conjoint experiment recycling receive higher levels
vehicular pollution embedded in surveys of support than those without.
in Beijing and New fielded in Beijing and H3:The level of public support
Delhi New Delhi. Beijing and for C&Cs compared to MBIs is
New Delhi are the capital higher for carowners than for
cities of the most non-car-owners.
populous economies, H4: The level of support for
that struggle with severe C&Cs compared to MBIs is
urban air pollution higher for those who have low
problems. governmental support than
those with high governmental
support

A self-identity 2015 The present study H1: Green self-identity (GSI) Surveys
based model of addresses this issue by has a positive direct effect on
electric car offering three (H1a) the care for the
adoption contributions. First, this environmental consequences
intention: A cross- study develops a of using cars (EC), (H1b) green
cultural conceptual model moral obligation (GMO), (H1c)
comparative study focusing the attitude toward the
on the motivational adoption of eco-friendly
process through which electric cars (AEC), and (H1d)
green self-identity an the intention to adopt electric
individual's overall self- cars (IA).
perception based on H2: (H2a) The care for the
his/her mental environmental consequences
identification with the of using cars (EC), and (H2b)
typical green consumer green moral obligation (GMO)
(Sparks & Shepherd, have a positive direct effect on
1992) e enacts specific the attitude toward the
ethical motives, adoption of ecofriendly
attitudes and electric cars (AEC).
behavioural intentions H3: Hence, EC (H3a) and GMO
toward electric car (H3b) are expected to
adoption. mediate the relationship
between GSI and AEC.

H4: The attitude toward the

adoption of electric cars (AEC)
has a positive influence on the
intention to adopt electric
cars (IA).
Characterizing the 2021 Characterizing the H1: PE has a positive effect on Descriptive
motivational motivational mechanism taxi driver’s intention of
mechanism behind behind taxi driver’s driving electric taxi.
taxi driver’s adoption of electric H2: EE has a positive effect on
adoption of vehicles for living: taxi driver’s intention of
electric vehicles Insights from driving electric taxi.
for living: Insights China H3: SI has a positive effect on
from China taxi driver’s intention of
driving electric
taxi
H4a: FC has a positive effect
on taxi driver’s intention of
driving electric taxi.
H4b: FC has a positive effect
on taxi driver’s actual
adoption of electric taxi. H5:
HE has a positive effect on taxi
driver’s intention of driving
electric taxi.
H6: PV has a positive effect on
taxi driver’s intention of
driving electric taxi.
H7a: HA has a positive effect
on taxi driver’s intention of
driving electric taxi.
H7b: HA has a positive effect
on taxi driver’s actual
adoption of electric taxi. H8a:
SIP has a positive effect on
taxi driver’s intention of
driving electric taxi.
H8b. SIP has a positive effect
on taxi driver’s actual
adoption of electric taxi. H9:
BI has a positive effect on taxi
driver’s actual adoption of
electric taxi.

Determinants of 2022 This study aims to (H1). Attitude Toward Use Descriptive
Customer provide an overview of (ATU) positively affects an
Intentions to Use the factors that drive interest in using electric
Electric Vehicle in interest in adopting vehicles in
Indonesia: An electric vehicles in Indonesia
Integrated Model Indonesia (H2). Subjective Norm (SBN)
Analysis has a positive effect on
interest in using electric
vehicles in Indonesia. (H3).
Perceived Behavior
Control (PBC) positively
affects interest in using
electric vehicles in
Indonesia
(H4). Performance Expectancy
(PE) positively affects
attitudes toward the use of
electric vehicles in Indonesia.
(H5). Effort Expectancy (EE)
positively affects attitudes
toward use (ATU) of electric
vehicles in Indonesia. (H6).
Hedonic Motivation (HM)
positively affects attitudes
toward use (ATU) of
electric vehicles in
Indonesia
(H7). Price Value (PV) has a
positive effect on attitudes
toward use (ATU) of electric
vehicles in Indonesia.
(H8). Habit (HB) has a positive
effect on attitudes toward the
use of electric vehicles in
Indonesia.
(H9). Perceived Physical Risk
(PPR) has a negative effect on
attitudes toward use (ATU) of
electric vehicles in Indonesia.
(H10). Perceived
Performance/Functional Risk
(PFR) has a negative effect on
attitudes toward use (ATU) of
electric vehicles in Indonesia.
(H11). Perceived Financial
Risk (PFIN) has a negative
effect on attitudes toward use
(ATU) of electric vehicles in
Indonesia
(H12). Perceived Social Risk
(PSR) has a negative effect on
attitudes toward use (ATU) of
electric vehicles in Indonesia.
(H13). Perceived Time Risk
(PTR) has a negative effect on
attitudes toward the use of
electric vehicles in Indonesia.
A SEM–Neural 2019 This study aims to
Network contribute toward
Approach to streamlining marketing
Predict and planning activities
Customers’ to introduce strategic
Intention to policies that stimulate
Purchase Battery the purchase and use of
Electric Vehicles in BEVs
China’s Zhejiang
Province
How to activate 2017 awareness of
moral norm to consequences, the
adopt electric ascription of
vehicles in China? responsibility, and
An emperial study perceived consumer
based on extended effectiveness are
norm activation positive predictors of
theory personal norms. The
findings help understand
consumers' adoption
behaviour of EVs better
and promote EV
development.
A Study to 2022 The subsequent section
Investigate What discusses the
Tempts methodology used in
Consumers to the study. The later
Adopt Electric section discusses the
Vehicles findings. Finally, the final
section discusses the
policy implications of EV
adoption and possible
H1: Consumers’ attitude has a Descriptive
significant and positive effect
on their intention to purchase
BEV.
H2: Perceived behavioral
control has a significant and
positive effect on their
intention to purchase BEV. H3:
Subject norm has a significant
and positive effect on their
intention to purchase BEV. H4:
Environmental performance
has a significant and positive
effect on the intention to
purchase BEV. H4:
Environmental performance
has a significant and positive
effect on the intention to
purchase BEV. H5: Non-
monetary incentive policy
measures have a significant
and positive effect on the
intention to purchase BEV.
H6: Monetary incentive policy
measures have a significant
and positive effect on the
intention to purchase BEV.
H1. Personal norms positively Quantitative
affect consumers' intention to
adopt Evs. H2. Awareness of
consequences positively
affects consumers' personal
problems. H3. Ascription of
responsibility positively affects
consumers' personal norms.
H4. Awareness of
consequences positively
affects the ascription of
responsibility. H5. Perceived
consumer effectiveness
positively affects consumers'
personal norms.
Hypothesis 1 (H1). There is a Descriptive
significant association
between financial incentives
and electric vehicle adoption.
Hypothesis 2 (H2). There is a
significant association
between charging
infrastructure and electric
vehicle adoption. Hypothesis 3
 future courses of action. (H3). There is a significant
association between social
reinforcement and electric
vehicle adoption. Hypothesis 4
(H4). There is a significant
association between
environmental concerns and
electric vehicle adoption.
Analysis of 2022 This paper conducts a Hypothesis #1 Information Descriptive
Influencing survey on Suwon and government policy on EVs
Factors in citizens to collect basic have effects on the decision of
Purchasing data to determine vehicle purchase. Hypothesis
Electric Vehicles factors influencing #2 Charging infrastructure has
Using a Structural consumer preferences an effect on the decision of
Equation Model: for electric vehicles. vehicle purchase. Hypothesis
Focused on Suwon Then, a specific #3 Battery technology and
City. structural equation safety have an effect on the
model is established to decision of vehicle purchase.
identify variables that Hypothesis #4 Driving on
directly influence Suwon ramps and internal systems
citizens’ willingness to such as heaters and AC has an
purchase an electric effect on the decision of
vehicle. vehicle purchase. Hypothesis
#5 Perceptions of both EV and
tax reduction have an effect on
the decision of vehicle
purchase.
What Increases 2021 this study can be used H1 Perceived risk has a Descriptive
Consumers’ as a reference for the negative impact on
Purchase government, consumers, consumers’ purchase
Intention of or practitioners in the intention. H2 Brand image has
Battery Electric electric vehicle industry a positive impact on
Vehicles from to promote the sales of consumers’ purchase
Chinese Electric electric vehicles to intention. H3 Perceived risk
Vehicle Start-Ups? achieve low-carbon has a negative impact on
Taking NIO as an transportation, and also consumers’ perception of
Example to help Chinese start up brand image. H4 Brand
brands to take a larger awareness has a positive
share of the domestic impact on consumers’
market. purchase intention. H5 Brand
awareness has a positive
impact on consumers’
perception of brand image. H6
Brand awareness has a
negative impact on
consumers’ perception of risk.
H7 Brand identity has a
positive impact on consumers’
purchase intention. H8 Brand
identity has a positive impact
on consumers’ perception of
brand image. H9 Brand
identity has a positive impact
on consumers’ perception of
brand awareness.

Key Factors 2019 This paper studies Hypothesis 1. Consumers’ Descriptive

Influencing consumers’ opinions of attitude toward electric
Consumers’ electric vehicles in an vehicles has a significantly
Purchase of uncertain environment, positive impact on their
Electric Vehicles and analyzes the factors purchase intention.
influencing consumers’ Hypothesis 2. Consumers’
acceptance of electric subjective norm regarding
vehicles, in order to electric vehicles has a
improve the significantly positive impact on
penetration of electric their purchase intention.
vehicles into the market Hypothesis 3. Consumers’ self-
and to provide control ability regarding
reference suggestions electric vehicles has a
for future researchers. significantly positive
Sustainability impact on their
purchase intention.
Hypothesis 4 Consumers’
personal innovativeness
regarding electric vehicles has
a significantly positive impact
on their attitude toward
behavior.
 An analysis of 2019 This paper studies the H1. Consumers’ attitude has a Descriptive
consumer influencing factors of significant positive effect on
purchase intention consumers’ purchase EV purchase
intention from the intention.
perspective of H2. Subjective norms have a
consumers’ psychology significant positive effect on
and proposes some EV purchase intention.
targeted policy H3. Perceived behavior
recommendations. control has a significant
positive effect on
EV purchase intention.

Predicting 2021 Theories focus on H1. Price consciousness has Quantitative

determinants of attitude-based negative impact on
consumers’ behavioral intention; consumers’ EVs pur- chase
purchase none of the existing motivation.H2. Social
motivation for studies have considered influence has positive impact
electric vehicles the different types of on consumers’ EVs purchase
human needs in motivation. H3. High level of
explaining the factors environmental concern has
influencing EVs purchase positive impact on con-
intention. sumers’ EVs purchase
motivation. H4. High level of
self-esteem has positive
impact on consumers’ EVs
purchase motivation. H5. High
level of openness to
experience has positive
impact on con-sumers’ EVs
purchase motivation.

Consumer 2018 The existing studies Hypothesis 1. Perceived Descriptive

purchase intention
of electric vehicles
in China: The roles
of perception and
personality
examined the impacts of monetary benefit positively
consumer perception influences consumer EV
and individual purchase
characteristics intention.Hypothesis 2.
separately and did not Perceived environment
have a holistic view on positively influences con-
the critical factors of EV sumer EV purchase
adoption integrating intention.Hypothesis 3.
two of them. In Perceived symbol positively
addition, consumer influences consumer EV
percep- tions include purchase intention.
the acquisition of Hypothesis 4. Perceived risk
benefits and the negatively influences
payment of sacri-fices, consumer EV purchase
while prior studies on intention.
consumer perceptions Hypothesis 5. Perceived fee
towards EVs rarely negatively influences
considered both positive consumers' EV purchase
and negative aspects of intention. Hypothesis 6a.
perceptions. Personal innovativeness
positively influences
 consumer EV purchase
intention. Hypothesis 6b.
Personal innovativeness
positively influences
perceived monetary benefit
of EV adoption. Hypothesis
6c. Personal innovativeness
negatively influences
perceived risk of EV adoption.
Hypothesis 7a. Environmental
concern positively influences
consumer EV purchase
intention. Hypothesis 7b.
Environmental concern
positively influences
perceived environment of EV
adoption. Hypothesis 7c.
Environmental concern
negatively influences
perceived fee of EV adoption.

Purchase 2015 This study establishes a •H1: Perceived risk has a Descriptive
Intention of theoretical model of the negative impact on
Battery Electric factors that influence consumers’ purchase
Vehicles from consumers’ purchase intention.
Chinese Electric intentions of electric •H2: Brand image has a
Vehicle Start-Ups? vehicles from CEVSUs positive impact on consumers’
through brand identity, purchase intention.
brand image, brand • H3: Perceived risk has
awareness, and a negative impact on
perceived risk. consumers’ perception of
brand image.
• H4: Brand awareness
has a positive impact on
consumers’ purchase
intention.
• H5: Brand awareness
has a positive impact on
consumers’ perception of
brand image.
• H6: Brand awareness
has a negative impact on
consumers’ perception of risk.
Factors 2022 This study addresses the
Influencing the need for an empirical
Behavioural study that analyses the
Intention towards psychological factors
Full with the situational
Electric Vehicles: factors that impact the
An Empirical Study consumer acceptance of
in Macau full electric vehicles, and
tests the relationships
among these factors.
2020 This study intends to
Predicting examine the factors that
Purchase drive consumers’
Intention of intention to purchase
Hybrid Electric hybrid cars. This study
Vehicles: Evidence embraces the Theory of
from an Emerging Planned Behavior (TPB)
Economy as its underpinning
Hypothesis 1: A user’s Qualitative
environmental concern has a
positive impact on the user’s
perception of environmental
policy.
Hypothesis 2: A user’s
environmental concern has a
positive impact on the user’s
perception of economic
benefit.
Hypothesis 3: A user’s
environmental concern has a
positive impact on the user’s
perception of full electric
vehicles.
Hypothesis 4: A user’s
environmental concern has a
positive impact on the user’s
behavioural .
Hypothesis 5: A user’s
perception of environmental
policy has a positive impact
on the user’s perception of
economic benefit. Hypothesis
6: A user’s perception of
environmental policy has a
positive impact on the user’s
perception of
full electric vehicles.
Hypothesis 7: A user’s
perception of economic
benefit has a positive impact
on the user’s perception of full
electric vehicles. Hypothesis 8:
A user’s perception of
economic benefit has a
positive impact on the user’s
behavioural intention towards
full electric vehicles.
Hypothesis 9: A user’s
perception of full electric
vehicles has a positive impact
on a user’s behavioral
intention towards full electric
vehicles
Hypothesis 1 (H1). Green Qualitative
purchase attitudes positively
influence the intention to
purchase a hybrid car.
Hypothesis 2 (H2). Subjective
norm control positively
influences the intention to
purchase a hybrid car.
 theory to gauge Hypothesis 3 (H3). Perceived
people’s attitude, social behavioral positively
pressures, and self- influences the intention to
control towards purchase a hybrid car.
purchase behavior. Hypothesis 4 (H4).
Moreover, Environmental knowledge
environmental positively influences the
knowledge is integrated intention to purchase a hybrid
into the model to car.
explain the ecological
behavior of
decarbonizing the
transportation system.

The Effects of a 2019 First, we present the Hypotheses 1 (H1). A short Descriptive
First-Time theoretical background test drive experience with a
Experience on the related to BEV BEV increases the positive
Evaluation of performance factors attitude towards electric cars.
Battery Electric influencing customer Hypotheses 1 (H2). A short
Vehicles by value perception. test drive experience with a
Potential Second, the BEV increases the purchase
Consumers methodology of data intent towards electric cars.
collection, utilizing a
test-driving experiment
and its processing using
statistical methods, is
provided. Third, we
present the results and
discuss the contribution
of the paper together
with theoretical and
managerial implications,
as well as the study’s
limitations and future
research prospects.
Examining 2022 This research aims at H1: Performance expectancy Qualitative
customer examining the has a positive impact on
purchase decision determinants of battery intention to purchase BEVs.
towards battery electric vehicle (BEV) H2: Effort expectancy has a
electric vehicles purchase in the Vietnam positive impact on intention to
in market from both self- purchase BEVs.
Vietnam market: A interested and pro- H3: Social influence has a
combination of environmental positive impact on intention
self-interested and perspectives to purchase BEVs.
pro- H4: Facilitating conditions has
environmental a positive impact on intention
approach to purchase BEVs.
H5: Facilitating conditions has
a positive impact on BEVs
purchase behavior.
What Increases 2021 The aim of this research H1 Perceived risk has a Descriptive
Consumers’ is to explore the factors negative impact on
Purchase that influence consumers’ purchase
Intention of consumers’ purchase intention.
Battery intention of electric H2 Brand image has a positive
Electric Vehicles vehicles from Chinese impact on consumers’
from Chinese electric vehicle start-ups purchase intention. H3
Electric Vehicle Perceived risk has a negative
Start-Ups? impact on consumers’
Taking NIO as an perception of brand image.
Example H4 Brand awareness has a
positive impact on consumers’
purchase intention.
H5 Brand awareness has a
positive impact on consumers’
perception of brand image.
H6 Brand awareness has a
negative impact on
consumers’ perception of risk.
H7 Brand identity has a
positive impact on consumers’
purchase intention.
H8 Brand identity has a
positive impact on consumers’
perception of brand image.
H9 Brand identity has a
positive impact on
consumers’ perception of
brand awareness. H10 Brand
identity has a negative impact
on consumers’ perception of
risk.

Assessment of 2022 the aim of this research
Selected Factors is to identify the
Influencing the attitudes of potential
Purchase of buyers of electric
Electric Vehicles— vehicles in the Republic
A Case Study of of Croatia, as well as the
the Republic of characteristics of electric
Croatia vehicles and the policies
and infrastructure that
may influence
purchasing decisions.
Hypothesis 1 (H1). Policies to Quantitative
encourage electromobility in
Croatia have a positive effect
on attitudes towards
electromobility.
Hypothesis 2 (H2). Developed
infrastructure has a positive
effect on attitudes towards the
purchase of electric vehicles.
Understanding the 2021 The aim of this study is H1. Pride positively affects Descriptive
role of emotions to understand the role consumers’ intention to adopt
in consumer of emotions in consumer EVs.
adoption of adoption of electric H2. Guilt positively affects
electric vehicles: vehicles consumers’ intention to adopt
the mediating EVs.
effect H3. Perceived value positively
of perceived value affects consumers’ intention to
adopt EVs.
H4. Pride positively affects
consumers’ perceived value of
EVs.
H5. Guilt positively affects
consumers’ perceived value of
EVs.
INFLUENCE OF 2022 To assess the influence H01: There is no significant Descriptive
SERVICE QUALITY of service quality on influence of service quality on
ON SATISFACTION customer satisfaction. • Customer satisfaction. H02:
AMONG THE To study the significant There is no significant
CONSUMERS difference between the difference between
USING ELECTRIC demographic variables demographic variables with
VEHICLES IN with regard to Customer regard to Customer
CHENNAI satisfaction towards satisfaction.
electric vehicles

Perceived Value 2019 The aim of this research Hypothesis 1 (H1). Perceived Descriptive
and Customer is to improve current quality value will have a
Adoption of knowledge related to significant positive impact on
Electric and the factors affecting consumers’ attitude towards
Hybrid customers’ intention to EM.
Vehicles purchase an EM vehicle Hypothesis 2 (H2). Perceived
in Spain. Building on the emotional value will have a
theories of perceived significant positive impact on
value and reasoned consumers’ attitude towards
action, a behavioural EM.
model was proposed Hypothesis 3 (H3). Perceived
with four key price value will have a
dimensions of perceived significant positive impact on
value and two attributes consumers’ attitude towards
of EM vehicles EM.
influencing customer Hypothesis 4 (H4). Perceived
attitudes, which are key social value will have a
antecedents to significant positive impact on
adoption. consumers’ attitude towards
EM. Hypothesis 5
(H5). Strong acceleration will
have a significant positive
impact on consumers’
attitude towards
EM.
Hypothesis 6 (H6). Low engine
 noise emission will have a
significant positive impact on
consumers’ attitude towards
EM. Hypothesis 7 (H7). The
more favourable consumers’
attitudes are towards EM, the
greater their
intention to adopt
EM.
Determinants of 2022 This study is to develop Hypotheses 1 (H1). In Poland Quantitative
Electric Cars a robust forecasting personal values and beliefs
Purchase model with the aid of play a more important role in
Intention in advanced machine EV purchase willingness (are
Poland: Personal learning methods. Based significant predictors) than EV
Attitudes v. on the survey features such as range or
Economic conducted, we price.
Arguments identified factors useful Hypotheses 1 (H2). Previous
for predicting consumer experience with electric car
behaviour in terms of sharing has a positive impact
willingness to purchase on EV purchase decision:
an EV. drivers who have already
driven a shared EV are more
likely to buy an EV in the
near future.
Hypotheses 1 (H3). There are
independent variables that,
using machine learning
methods such
as Random Forest, will predict
willingness to purchase an
electric vehicle for personal
use.
How Innovative 2022 How Innovative Hypothesis 1a (H1a). Relative Qualitative
Characteristics Characteristics Influence advantages positively affect
Influence Consumers’ Intention to consumers’ purchase
Consumers’ Purchase Electric intention.
Intention to Vehicle: A Moderating Hypothesis 1b (H1b).
Purchase Electric Role of Lifestyle. Technology compatibility
Vehicle: A positively affects consumers’
Moderating Role of purchase intention.
Lifestyle Hypothesis 1c (H1c).
Technology complexity
negatively affects consumers’
purchase intention.
Hypothesis 2a (H2a). Relative
advantages negatively affect
consumers’ risk perception.
Hypothesis 2b (H2b).
Technology compatibility
negatively affects consumers’
risk perception. Hypothesis
2c (H2c). Technological
complexity positively affects
consumers’ risk
perception.Hypothesis 3
(H3). Consumers’ risk
perception has negative
effects on consumers’
purchase intention.
Hypothesis 4 (H4). Consumer
risk perception mediates the
relationship between
innovation
characteristics and consumer
purchase intention.Hypothesis
5 (H5). Lifestyle regulates the
relationship between
innovation characteristics and
perceived risk.
Hypothesis 6 (H6). Fashion
consciousness has a
moderating effect on
innovation characteristics and
risk perception.
Hypothesis 7 (H7).
Environmental consciousness
has a moderating effect on
innovation charac- teristics
and risk perception.
Hypothesis 8 (H8). Price
consciousness has a
moderating effect on
innovation characteristics and
consumer risk perception.
Sensitivity of the 2022 This research aims at Hypothesis 1: The Descriptive
Nonsubsidized examining determinants nonsubsidized consumption
Consumption of battery electric promotion mechanism for
Promotion vehicle (BEV) purchase NEVs has a positive impact
Mechanisms of in Vietnam market from on the purchase intentions
New Energy both self-interested and of potential consumers.
Vehicles to pro-environmental Hypothesis 1a: Concept
Potential perspectives. Data induction has a positive effect
Consumers’ collected from 200 BEV on the purchase intentions of
Purchase drivers show that potential consumers.
Intention purchase intention is Hypothesis 1b: Policy
positively affected by incentives have a positive
self-interested factors impact on the purchase
such as performance intentions of poten- tial
expectancy, effort consumers.
expectancy and Hypothesis 1c: There are
facilitating conditions. differences in the sensitivity of
concept induction and
policy incentives on the
purchase intentions of
potential consumers.
Hypothesis 2: The sensitivity
of the nonsubsidized
consumption promotion
mechanism for NEVs on the
purchase intentions of
potential consumers varies
across cities.Hypothesis 2a:
For cities with medium to
high traffic pressure, policy
incentives are more sensitive
than concept induction, and
the right-of-way privileges
policy is more sensitive than
the charging guarantee
policy.
Hypothesis 2b: For cities with
low traffic pressure, the
sensitivity of policy incentives
is higher
than that of concept
induction, and the sensitivity
of the charging guarantee
policy is higher than that of
the right-of-way privileges
policy. Hypothesis 3: There
are differences in the
sensitivity of the NEV
nonsubsidized consumption
 promotion mechanism on
the purchase intentions of
potential consumers with
different educa- tional
backgrounds.
Hypothesis 3a: For consumers
with a medium to high level
of education, concept
induction is more
sensitive.
Hypothesis 3b: For consumers
with a low level of education,
policy incentives are more
sensitive

Research Sample size Theory used in Accepted or Future Scope

Instrument or this paper rejected
Population
Experiment 2 Companies Theory plant behavior H1: Accepted H2: The development of a new
Tata & Mahindra Accepted concept of Vehicle-to-Grid can
And 4 Electric cars H3: Rejected either deliver power to the
of the grid or can be used to charge
Companies. the battery when non-
conventional energy sources
are not available
Questionnaire 450 customers Motivation theory H(i): Rejected In the future, it would be
who purchased H(ii): Partially meaningful to test this model
EV Accepted with actual EV owners. With
H(iii): Partially global concerns on
Accepted environment increasing every
H(iv): Accepted day, this area offers immense
H(v): Accepted scope for future research.
H(vi): Accepted
H(vii):
Accepted
H(viii): Accepted
H(ix):Accepted

Online 2 Waves of Theory plant behavior H(1): Accepted Further research could
Questionnaire surveys H(2): Rejected H(3): examine whether specific
each have 750 Accepted forms of revenue usage are
Responses H(4): Accepted as important in the case of
vehicle usage/ ownership and
air pollution as they appear
to be in the case of limiting
carbon emissions in general
(from any source) through a
carbon tax. Future research
could also use experimental
study designs to identify
what causal mechanisms
tend to make particular
policy instruments, and
combinations
ENVIRONMENTAL POLITICS
17 of policy instruments,
induce variation in political
support levels.
 Online 3 Cities Conceptual model, H(1): Accepted We invite future research to
Questionnaire 2005 Peoples are identity theory H(2): Rejected test the proposed model
responding (Stryker & Burke, H(3):Rejected using non-European cultures
2000) H(4): Accepted in order to reveal stronger
country and culture-specific
paths.

questionnaire- 725 samples Unified Theory of H1: Accepted H2: We plan to conduct cross-
based survey Acceptance and Use Accepted regional or cross-country
of Technology 2 H3: Rejected studies in the future. In
(UTAUT2) model H4a: Accepted addition, the applicability of
H4b: Accepted these results based on cross-
H5: Accepted H6: sectional data is questioned in
Accepted H7a: the long run.
Accepted
H7b:
Rejected
H8a: Accepted
H8b: Accepted
H9: Accepted
Questionnaires 526 respondents Unified Theory of H1: Accepted H2: The use of control variables
Acceptance and Use Accepted such as demographic data in
of Technology 2 H3: Accepted the modeling of future
(UTAUT2) model and H4: Accepted research is likely to provide a
structural equation H5: Accepted better representation in
modeling (SEM) H6: Accepted order to deal with the
method H7: Accepted H8: inconsistency of the results of
Rejected H9: this study
Rejected
H10:
Accepted
H11: Accepted
H12: Rejected
H13: Accepted

Questionnaires 460 sample A multi-analytical H1: Accepted This research has several
approach H2:-Accepted H3: limitations that should be
Rejected noted. Attitude, perceived
H4: Rejected behavioral control, subject
H5: Rejected norm, environmental
H6: Accepted performance, price value,
NMIP, and MIP have a positive
influence on customer’s
purchase intention, but there
are many other factors that
may affect consumers’
intention to purchase BEVs,
which are not discussed in
this research
Questionnaire The sample MCA H1 : Accepted H2: we revealed the moderation
resource is more Accepted H3: effect of external costs
than 2.6 million Rejected (perceived price and
and over 500,000 H4:Accepted H5 : perceived complexity) on such
respondents Accepted a relationship, and investigate
each day are the antecedents of personal
willing to norms, such as awareness of
participate in consequence, the ascription
answering of responsibility, and
questionnaires. perceived consumer
effectiveness.

Questionnaire 46,47 consumers MAP H1: Accepted H2: Customers with a higher level
Accepted H3: of education are more aware
Accepted of the benefits of electric
H4:Rejected vehicles. As a result, the
H5:Rejected likelihood of rapid adoption of
electric vehicles is greater
among educated customers
than among less educated
customers.

Questionnaire 723 Suwon Identity Theory H1: Accepted H2: it seems that it is necessary to
citizens and 719 Accepted H3: systematically analyze
samples Accepted consumer choice factors or
H4:Accepted decision making that affects
H5:Accepted EV purchase. As a result,
findings from this research
can be used further to make
policies with the purpose of
expanding the purchase of
electric vehicles.

Questionnaire 322 Responses SEM :- The Structural H1: Accepted H2: future research, more
Equation Modeling Accepted H3: variables can be added to
Accepted build a more comprehensive
H4:Accepted and reasonable research
H5:Accepted H6: model.
Accepted H7:
Accepted H8:
Accepted
H9:Accepted

Questionnaire 8347 People MCA H1: Rejected H2: It is recommended that

Accepted H3: future researchers use
Accepted H4: different methodologies from
Rejected this study to investigate
electric vehicles and compare
 the differences in order to
promote the popularization
of electric vehicles. The
discussion in this study is
limited to electric vehicles. It
is recommended that future
researchers compare
whether different energy
vehicles with different
principles are related to
different influences on
consumer demand.
Survey 560 Participants Conceptual Model H1: Accepted In future studies, we will
H2:Rejected consider factors related to
H3: Accepted enterprises and
comprehensively investigate
the influencing factors in the
transformation from
consumers’ purchase
intention to actual
consumption behavior

Survey 500 Consumer A multi-analytical H1: Accepted Future studies could

approach H2: Accepted contribute to the existing
H3: Accepted studies by differentiating
H4:Accepted between different types of
H5:Accepted electric vehicles, which may
impact consumer EVs
purchase intentions. Finally,
the selection of location
where this study was done
might limit the generalizability
of the findings, although this
study represents the useful
general facts for overall China.
Replication of this study
should be considered in the
different national contexts to
broaden the generalization of
this study.
Questionnaire 369 Participants Motivation theory H1: Accepted Future studies may generalize
H2:Rejected H3: our findings to offline
Accepted consumers. Second, the
H4:Accepted dependent variable in our
H5:Accepted H6a: research model is EV purchase
Accepted H6b: intention, but not actual
Rejected H6c: behavior. future studies may
Rejected H7a: investigate EV adoption by
Accepted H7b: taking actual purchase
Accepted H7c: behavior as dependent
Rejected variable in the research
model. future studies may
distinguish EV type and then
compare the
results
Questionnaire 332 Consumer Two Factor Theory H1: Accepted H2: Our results might be specific
Accepted H3: to China because the sample
Accepted was obtained from China.
H4:Rejected Given the differences among
H5:Accepted H6: countries, the results may
Accepted change when applying the
research model to other
countries.

Survey 809 Participants Multi-consumer H1: Accepted H2: It is suggested that other
Approach Accepted H3: positive and negative factors
Accepted such as perceived drawbacks
H4:Accepted could be added in future
H5:Accepted H6: studies to widen the scope of
Accepted H7: this research area.
Accepted H8:
Accepted
H9:Accepted
Questionnaire 257 Samples Theory of Planned H1: Rejected H2: Future research can expand
Behavior (TPB) Rejected H3: the study model to the extent
Accepted of actual buying behavior of
H4:Accepted individuals in purchasing
hybrid cars. This type of
investigation can be
performed through a
longitudinal two-wave survey
procedure. The sample size
could be expanded in future
research so that
generalizability can be
enhanced.
Questionnaire 114 Participants Conceptual Model H1: Accepted H2: It could be the case that the
Accepted brand or product-specific
characteristics influenced the
results. The state of the

charge of the battery could

also have changed the results
 of the study. People who
performed the test drive in
the morning enjoyed a vehicle
with a full range. To get
improved results, a third
questionnaire should
investigate the long-term
effects. Moreover, the study
should be periodically
repeated due to constantly
improving technology.
Questionnaire 4500 Participants UTAUT H1: Accepted H2: For the future, the
Accepted H3: convenience sampling
Accepted method allows the
H4:Accepted researchers to gather
H5:Accepted responses quickly, but the
result representativeness is
limited.
Questionnaire 332 Participant The structural H1: Accepted H2: The greatest contribution of
equation modeling Accepted H3: this study lies in the
(SEM) Accepted establishment of a theoretical
H4:Rejected model of factors influencing
H5:Accepted H6: consumers’ purchase
Accepted H7: intention of electric vehicles
Accepted H8: from the perspectives of
Accepted brand identity, brand image,
H9:Accepted H10: brand awareness, and
Accepted perceived risk. Finally, this
study has some limitations.
The empirical research object
takes NIO as an example to
explore the factors that
influence Chinese consumers’
decisions to purchase electric
vehicles, which may limit the
sample coverage of this
study.

Experiment 578 Participants Conceptual Model H1: Rejected H2: In the future, the application
Accepted of electric vehicles will not
result in the desired effects in
the context of CO2 reduction.
One of the most significant
challenges associated with the
usage of electric vehicles is
battery autonomy and battery
charging time and the
limitation of the battery
capacity, based on the

obtained research results, has

a negative effect on the
attitudes towards the
purchase of an electric
 vehicle, as well as the
technology of electric
vehicles in general.
Questionnaire 405 Responses the technology H1: Accepted There are several limitations
acceptance model H2:Rejected H3: to this study. First, we
(TAM) Accepted collected data via an online
H4:Accepted survey; thus, the sample
H5:Rejected excluded offline consumers.
However, this is not a serious
limitation because the early
adopters of EVs have a high
level of innovativeness, and
thus, most of them are
internet users. Second, this
study did not incorporate
actual adoption behavior in
the research model.
Questionnaire 94 Consumer Multi-consumer H01: accepted the Government has taken
Approach H02:rejcted initiative to fight pollution
levels by promoting electric
vehicles and giving subsidies
on purchase. To boost its
production, the Government
has eased the FDI norms on
the electric vehicles in India.

Questionnaire 5000 Responses Multi-consumer H1: Accepted H2: Future research studies
Approach Accepted H3: should address this by, for
Accepted instance, testing the model
H4:Accepted proposed here before and
H5:Accepted H6: after consumers test drive an
Accepted H7: EM vehicle. This is of
Accepted particular importance, given
that earlier studies have
shown that
potential links may exist
between consumers’
personal characteristics and
their intention to purchase an
EM vehicle
Survey 50000 SEM :- The Structural H1: Accepted H2: Future research is required in
Participants Equation Modeling Accepted H3: the field of developing
Accepted efficient business models for
housing cooperatives willing
to equip their buildings in
charging stations and PV
systems.

Since Polish law currently

does not oblige the existing
housing communities to
invest in e-mobility,
demonstrating their
economic rationality would
 help to drive such legal policy
changes.
Questionnaire 525 Responses Conceptual Model H1: Accepted H2: The results can be verified by
Accepted H3: the literature and pave the
Accepted way for future studies on the
H4:Rejected development of a sustainable
H5:Accepted H6: lifestyle for common people.
Accepted H7:
Accepted H8:
Accepted
Questionnaire 993 Consumer Conceptual Model H1: Accepted H1a: How education level may
Accepted H1b: relate to income levels and
Accepted thus impact on the difference
H1c:Rejected between the groups regarding
H2:Accepted H2a: the nonsubsidized
Accepted H2b: consumption promotion
Accepted H3: mechanism. These are our
Accepted further research directions in
H3a:Accepted H3b: the future.
Accepted

3.1 - Research Methodology

• Introduction
The research methodology for studying the factors influencing customer purchase of electric
vehicles involves a systematic approach to gather relevant data, analyze it, and draw meaningful
conclusions. This methodology aims to provide insights into the key drivers and barriers affecting
customers' decisions to buy electric vehicles.

• What is Research Methodology?

Research methodology is a way of explaining how a researcher intends to carry out their research.
It's a logical, systematic plan to resolve a research problem. A methodology details a researcher's
approach to the research to ensure reliable, valid results that address their aims and objectives. It
encompasses what data they're going to collect and where from, as well as how it's being collected and
analyzed.

• Research Objective
The Main objective to conduct this research is to Factors Influencing Customer Purchase of
Electric Vehicles and how likely they purchase Electric vehicles. Our target population is the all-years
age group.

• Research design
A questionnaire was developed and distributed to friends and family by using the Convenience
sampling technique. Our total population is 120 out of which we have taken 120 sample sizes and
analyzed how people evaluate differently to Purchase Electric Vehicles.

• Research Approach
Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study
 A descriptive cross-sectional study is a study in which the disease or condition and potentially
related factors are measured at a specific point in time for a defined population. Cross-sectional studies
can be thought of as a "snapshot" of the frequency and characteristics of a condition in a population at a
particular point in time.

• TARGET POPULATION
Our target population is under 18,18-25,26-35,36-45,46-55,56 or above age group.

• SAMPLE SIZE
The sample size is 120

• Primary Data collection

Here, we collect data by ourselves using methods such as Questionnaires.

• DATA COLLECTION TOOL

We have collect the data through phone & online.

3.1.1 Questioner
 • Responses
Q.1 What Is your age?
Under 18 18-25 26-35 36-45 46-55 56 or above
69 17 13 11 6 4

5% 3%
9% Under 18
18-25

13% 26-35
36-45
46-55
11% 59%
56 or above

Q.2 What is your Gender?

Male Female

63 57
 56

54

52

50

48

46

44

42
Male Female

Q.3 Have you ever owned or currently own an electric vehicle?

Yes No
45 75

Yes
36%
Yes

No No
64%

Q.4 How important are the following factors in your decision to purchase an EV?
Affordability Charging Battery life & Performance &
infrastructure Durability acceleration
availability
58 33 15 14
 60

50

40

30

20

10

0
A B C D

Q.5 How concerned are you about the following challenges associated with EV
ownership?
Limited charging Range anxiety Battery Degradation Lack of available
infrastructure over time EV Models &
Options
38 10 57 15

5%
13%
33% A
B
C
D

49%

Q.6 Are you aware of any government Incentives or subsidies available for purchasing an
EV in your area?
 Yes No
70 50

Yes No

3.2 Hypotheses.

1. Hypothesis: affordability, battery life, performance these factors play a significant role to influence people
to purchase EV
2 Hypothesis: Customers who have access to home charging facilities are more likely to
purchase electric vehicles.

3 Hypothesis: Customers who perceive electric vehicles as having an adequate driving range
for their needs are more likely to purchase them.

4 Hypothesis: Customers who prioritize safety features in vehicles are more likely to purchase
electric vehicles.

5 Hypothesis: environmental concern maintenance cost government subsidies play a

significant role to influence people to purchase EV
3.3 Hypotheses Model

Self -
Control

External Electric Vehicle

influence
 3.4 Conclusion
The progress that the electric vehicle industry has seen in recent years is
not only extremely welcomed but highly necessary in light of the increasing global
greenhouse gas levels. As demonstrated within this webpage's economic, social,
and environmental analysis sections, the benefits of electric vehicles far surpass the
costs. The biggest obstacle to the widespread adoption of electric-powered
transportation is cost related, as gasoline and the vehicles that run on it are readily
available, convenient, and less costly. As demonstrated in our timeline, we hope
that technological advancements and policy changes will help ease the transition
from traditional fuel-powered vehicles over the next decade. Additionally, the
realization and success of this industry relies heavily on the global population, and
it is our hope that through mass marketing and environmental education programs
people will feel incentivized and empowered to drive an electric-powered vehicle.
Each person can make a difference, so go electric and help make a difference!