MANDAR PATKI

AIR 22 CSE 2019

SOCIO-CULTURAL
ANTHROPOLOGY
(PAPER I) NOTES
By MANDAR JAYANT PATKI (AIR 22 CSE 2019)
 MANDAR PATKI
AIR 22 CSE 2019

Following notes are accumulation from various resources mentioned below:

 Braintree notes on socio-cultural Anthropology
 Learn 2 Achieve (L2A) Test series Material
 Sachin Gupta (AIR 3 2017) sir’s Socio-cultural Anthropology notes
 Ember and Ember book
 Makhan Jha (Anthropological Theories)
 Upadhyay Book (Anthropological Theories)
 Alabama University website
 Written notes by Dr. Vivek Bhasme sir (IAS 2017)

HOW TO UTILIZE THIS NOTES?

1. Anthropological theories are extensively covered in notes. You can use them either as
notes or as supplementary material.
2. Aspirants are advised to make a note of case studies and examples given in note of
Family, Kinship, Marriage, Political organization and Economy. Citing such examples in
answers fetches browny points.
3. Focus on information given/written in margins. These are value additions which I
included from test series material.
4. Make a note of unconventional points (e.g- Descent Theories (172)). This can be
included in conventional answers to show examiner depth of your knowledge and make
your answer standing out from the crowd.
5. Try to inculcate structures given in notes and make your answers more articulated and
comprehensive.
6. In Anthropological theories, focus more on Individual thinkers as UPSC has been asking
much about thinkers separately.
7. Focus on proper definitions and Etymology of specific words like Religion, family, etc
given in notes.
 MANDAR PATKI
AIR 22 CSE 2019

INDEX
CONTENT PAGE NO
Religion 1
- Monotheism and Polytheism 7
- Sacred and Profane 11
- Religion as cultural institute 15
- Myths and Ritual 18
- Animism, Animatism, Fetishim, Naturism 24
- Totemism 32
- Magic, religion and science 36
- Religious Functionaries: Shaman, Priest, Witchcraft, Sorcery 45

Political organization and Social control 53

- Band, Village Council, chiefdom 55
- Power, authority and legitimacy 64
- Social Control 69
- Customary law 73
- Law and justice in Simple society 77

Marriage 82
- Marriage universality 83
- Types of marriage 87
- Residence as cultural rule 91
- Laws of marriage 94
- Incest Taboo 99
- Function of marriage 102
- Marriage regulation 103
- Marriage Payments 108
- Marriage as universal social institute 113
- Ways of acquiring mates 115

Family: definition and universality 117

- Family, household, Domestic group 124
- Functions of family 126
- Types of family 128
- Impact of urbanization on family 132
- Impact of industrialization on family 136
- Impact of feminism on family 139

Kinship, Consanguinity and affinity 142

- Rules of descent 146
- Forms of descent groups: clan, phratry, Moiety 153
- Evolution of descent groups 159
- Structural principles of kinship 160
 MANDAR PATKI
AIR 22 CSE 2019

- Kinship terminology 162

- Filiation andcomplementary filiation 166
- Kinship behaviour 170
- Descent theories 172
- Alliance theories 175

Economic Organisation 180

- Formalist VS Substantivist debate 183
- Different types of exchange: reciprocity, redistribution, barter, 188
tribal market, ceremonial exchange
- Kula ring 200
- Potlach 202
- Principles governing production, distribution and consumption 205

Anthropological theories
- Classical evlution 212
- E.B. taylor 212
- James Frazer 216
- Henry Maine 218
- R.R. Marret 220
- McLennon 221
- L.H. Morgan 222
- Jahann Jacob Bachofen 224

- Neo-evolutionism 225
- V.G. Childe 225
- Julian Steward 228
- Leslie White 230
- Sahlin and Service 232

- Historical particularism 235

- Franz Boas 237

- Diffusionism 240
- British school of diffusionism 241
- G.Eliiot smith 241
- W.H.R. Rivers 242
- German school of diffusionism 244
- Friedrich Ratzel 244
- Fritz Graebner 245
- Leo Frobenius 247
- Father Wilhem schimdt 248
- Austrogerman school 249
- American school 252
- Kroeber 256
 MANDAR PATKI
AIR 22 CSE 2019

Functionalism: Malinowski 257

Structural functionalism: Redcliff Brown 262

- Difference between Brown and Levi strauss 275

Structuralism: Levi strauss 277

Cultural Materialism 281

Symbolic and Interpretative theory 284

Cognitive theory 290

- Harold Conklin 292
- Stephen Tyler 294

Culture personality school 295

- Ruth Benedict 298
- Margaret Mead 301
- National Character study 303
- Ralph Linton 306
- Kardiner 309
- Cora-du-Bois 312

Post modernism 314

Language: origin of language 318

- Verbal and non verbal communication 320
- Social context of language use 322

Research methods in anthropology

- Fieldwork tradition 326
- Technique, method and methodology 330
- Participant observation 331
- Interview 335
- Questionnaire and Schedules 337
- Case study 339
- Geneology 342
- Life history 343
- Oral history 345
- Secondary sources 346
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