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org © 2018 IJCRT | Volume 6, Issue 2 April 2018 | ISSN: 2320-2882

xqIrdkyhu vFkZO;oLFkk dh leh{kk % ,d uohu n`f"Vdks.k

fot; dqekj
'kks/k Nk=
izkphu bfrgkl iqjkrRo ,oa laLd`fr foHkkx]
bykgkckn fo'ofo|ky;] bykgkckn

xqIrdky Hkkjrh; bfrgkl dk og dky gS] tgk¡ orZeku esa fgUnw /keZ dh lHkh izpfyr ekU;rkvksa dk izknqHkkZo

gqvk rFkk blls orZeku Lo:i /kkj.k fd;kA izkjEHk ls pyh vk jgh izd`froknh oSfnd ekU;rkvksa ds LFkku ij

Le`fr;ksa rFkk iqjk.kksa] lkekftd laLFkkvksa ,oa fu;eksa us viuk izHkko LFkkfir djuk izkjEHk dj fn;k FkkA lkFk gh lkFk

oSfnd rFkk voSfnd ekU;rkvksa dk Vdjko Hkh f'kfFky gksus yxk Fkk] xqIrdky Hkkjrh; bfrgkl dk og dky gS]

ftlesa jktO;oLFkk] /keZ] lekt] dyk lkfgR;] vFkZO;oLFkk lHkh {ks= ,d O;ofLFkr vkSj fLFkj Lo:i /kkj.k djrs gq,

fn[kk;h iM+rs gSaA jk"Vªoknh bfrgkldkj xqIrdky dks Hkkjrh; bfrgkl dk Lo.kZ;qx dgrs gSA ogh ekDlZoknh

fopkj/kkjk okys bfrgkldkjksa dk dguk gS fd xqIrdky Js"B ;qx dk izfrfuf/kRo ugha djrk] cfYd xqIrdky dh

vkfFkZd fLFkfr dq"kk.k dky dh vis{kk fuEurj fLFkfr esa FkhA

xqIrdky esa ;|fi fons'kh O;kikj esa fxjkoV gqbZ fQj Hkh e/; Hkkx nDde rFkk nf{k.k Hkkjr ds nqxZe rFkk

Åij&ijrh {ks=ksa esa czkã.kksa dks fn;s x;s Hkwfe vuqnkuksa ds QyLo:i bl ;qx esa vkfFkZd izo`fRr;ksa dk vHkwriwoZ

foLrkj gqvkA xqIrdky dh vkfFkZd le`f) dk vuqeku blh ckr ls yxk;k tk ldrk gS ds izkphu Hkkjr esa fdlh us

Hkh bruh Lo.kZ eqnzk;sa ugha pyk;h ftruh dh xqIrksa usA Lo.kZ eqnzkvksa ds vfr'k; izpyu ls O;kikfj;ksa vkSj lEiUu

dkjhxjksa dh vkfFkZd fLFkfr esa c<+ksRrjh gqbZA

vkfFkZd n`f"V ls xqIrdky dh HkO;rk blfy, gS fd xqIr jktkvksa us izpqj ek=k esa Lo.kZ eqnzk,a tkjh dhA

Lo.kZ eqnzkvksa dk O;ogkj tehu dh [kjhn&fcØh esa gksrk Fkk] vkSj laHko gS] jktLo dh olwyh vkSj mPpkf/kdkfj;ksa ds

osru dh vnk;xh Hkh Lo.kZ eqnzkvksa esa gh dh tkrh jgh gksA fdUrq rkacs ds flDdksa ds vHkko ls ;g ladsr feyrk gS

fd NksVs&NksVs vf/kdkjh vf/kd la[;k esa ugha j[ks tkrs FksA xqIr jktkvksa dks dbZ HkkSfrd lqfo/kk,a izkIr FkhaA muds

'kklu {ks= dk lEcU/k e/; ns'k dh moZj Hkwfe Fkk] ftlesa fcgkj vkSj mRrj izns'k vkrs FksA os e/; Hkkjr vkSj orZeku

esa >kj[k.M ds ykSg v;Ld dk miHkksx dj ldsAa blds vykok iwohZ jkseu lkezkT; ds lkFk js'ke dk O;kikj djus

okys mRrj Hkkjr ds bykds muds iM+kl

s esa iM+rs Fks] vr% os bl fudVrk dk Hkh ykHk mBk ldsAa bu vuqdwy

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fLFkfr;ksa ds cy ij xqIr 'kkldksa us viuk vf/kiR; e/; xaxk dk eSnku iz;kx] lkdsr vkSj ex/k ij LFkkfir fd;kA

xqIrdky dh vkfFkZd le`f) ds ckjs esa rRle; Hkkjr dh ;k=k djus okys phuh ;k=h Qkº;ku ds ;k=k o`RrkUr ls

Hkh feyrh gSA xqIrdky esa d`f"k ,oa f'kYiksa esa dkQh mUufr gks pqdh Fkh] tSlk fd iqjk.kksa ds fooj.k ls Hkh irk

pyrk gs fd bl le; rd 'kwnzksa dks Hkh d`f"k dk;Z djus dk vf/kdkj izkIr gks pqdk Fkk] eqnzk iz.kkyh dh fof'k"Vrk

,oa izpqj izlkj ls Hkh bldh iqf"V gksrh gS] ijUrq bldk nwljk i{k ;g Hkh gS fd Hkwfenkuksa dh c<+rh vf/kdrk ls

Lora= d`"kd Hkh Hkwfenkl curs tk jgs FksA

Lo.kZeqnzkvksa dk vR;f/kd fodkl rFkk fons'kh O;kikj tgka xqIrdky dh Js"B vkfFkZd fLFkfr ds |ksrd gS rks

ogha ijorhZ dky esa gw.k vkØe.k ds dkj.k fofHkUu fons'kh o vkUrfjd O;kikfjd ekxZ rFkk eqnzkvksa esa gzkl vkfFkZd

fLFkfr esa iru dks iznf'kZr djrs gSA ,d rjQ cM+s O;kikfjd dsUnz u"V gks x;s rks nwljh rjQ u;s&u;s vkfFkZd

dsUnzkas dk mn; gqvk] xqIr jkT; dks fo'kky osruHkksxh lsuk ds j[k j[kko esa dfBukbZ gksus yxh gksxh] D;ksafd /kkfeZd

;k vU; mn~ns';ks ls xzkenku djus dh ijEijk cgqr vf/kd gks x;h Fkh] fons'kh O;kikj ds gzkl ls Hkh mldh vk;

de gqbZ gksxhA eUnlkSj ys[k ls irk pyrk gS fd js'ke cqudjksa dh ,d Js.kh xqtjkr ls ekyok pyh xbZ vkSj ogk¡

ij vU; is'ks dks viuk fy;kA bl izotu dk eq[; dkj.k ;gh izrhr gksrk gS fd bl le; if'peh ns'kksa ds lkFk

O;kikj ykHkdkjh ugha jg x;k FkkA

ik¡poh lnh ds e/; ds ckn xqIr jktkvksa us viuh Lo.kZ eqnzkvksa esa 'kq) lksu dk vuqikr ?kVkdj fdlh rjg

pykus dk iz;kl fd;k fQj Hkh bldk dksbZ fo'ks"k ykHk ugha gqvkA vr% ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd xqIr dky dh

vkfFkZd voLFkk cgqr mUur ugha ekuh tk ldrh] ysfdu fQj Hkh vkRefuHkZj xzkeksa ds mn; us m|ksx ,oa O;kikj

okf.kT; dks ldkjkRed :i ls izHkkfor fd;kA blh ds dkj.k flDdksa dk izpyu de feyrk gSA Qkº;ku dkSfM+;ksa

ds izpyu dk mYys[k djrk gSA fdUrq O;kikfjd uxjksa ds :i esa ikVfyiq=] eFkqjk] r{kf'kyk vkfn ds gzkl ds y{k.k

Hkh fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA

xqIrdky dh 'kklu i)fr esa vusd ifjorZu gq, ysfdu lcls egRoiw.kZ ifjorZu vuqnku Hkksfx;ksa dks nh xbZ

jktkfLod rFkk iz'kklfud NwVksa vkSj lkear dgs tkus okys foftr jktkvkas ds lkFk LFkkfir fd;s x, lEcU/kksa ds

lUnHkZ esa gq,A xqIr 'kklu iz.kkyh esa gesa lkearokn dh Li"V fo'ks"krk,¡ n`f"Vxkspj gksrh gSA xqIr 'kklu iz.kkyh us

ijorhZ dky ds ml iz'kklfud <kaps dh uhao rS;kj dj nh tks iw.kZr% lkearoknh FkkA xqIrdky dh vxzgkj&nku izFkk

esa lkeUr oxZ dks c<+kok fn;kA bl dksfV ds nku ls lEcfU/kr rkezys[k lcls vf/kd la[;k esa loZizFke xqIrksa dks gh

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izkIr gq, gSA xqIrksa ds leLr nku i=ksa esa egkHkkjr ds 'yksd mn~/k`r fd;s x;s gSa] ftlesa vxzgkj nku dk egRo

of.kZr gSA nkuxzkgh dks nku dh Hkwfe esa leLr jktdh; vf/kdkj miyC/k gks tkrs FksA LFkkuh; fuoklh leLr

fuf'pr dj vc jkT; ds LFkku ij nkuxzkgh dks nku nsus yxs FksA bl izdkj dh lqfo/kk ,oa NwV iznku djuk

nks"kiw.kZ FkkA

bl izdkj xqIrdkyhu vkfFkZd fLFkfr rFkk O;kikj&okf.kT; vkSj eqnzk O;oLFkk ds laf{kIr fooj.k ds mijkUr

ge dg ldrs gSa fd ;|fi ;g ;qx /kfudks]a cM+s O;olkf;;ksa] lkeUrksa] cM+s&cM+s jktk egkjktkvksa ds fy, Lo.kZ ;qx

ds leku Fkk] ijUrq tgk¡ rd lk/kkj.k turk dk loky Fkk] os bl dky esa u,&u, 'kks"k.k pØksa ds vUnj ncrs

x,A fo'ks"kdj lkearokn dk izHkko c<+ tkus ds dkj.k csxkj vkSj v)Zokl dh voLFkk dk lkeuk djuk iM+kA

xqIrdkyhu cnyrh jktuhfrd fLFkfr us lkezkT; dh vFkZO;oLFkk dks xgjs :i ls izHkkfor fd;k] leqnzxqIr ds fot;

vfHk;kuksa us ,d rjQ tgka jktuhfrd ,drk dk lw=ikr fd;k ogha mldh lkezkT;oknh uhfr;ksa us vUrr%

jktuhfrd ,drk dks u"V djus okyh lkeUrokn dh vo/kkj.kk dks izHkkfor gh ugha fd;k cfYd mls vkSj rhoz dj

fn;kA bl izfØ;k us xqIrdkyhu vFkZO;oLFkk dks Hkh lkearoknh izo`fÙk;ksa ds vuqlkj cny fn;kA blh rjg fons'kh

vkØe.kksa ds QyLo:i okº; lhek dh lqj{kk dh fpUrkvksa us fons'kh O;kikj dks udkjkRed :i esa izHkkfor djrs gq,

mls vkarfjd Lo:i esa cny fn;kA

bl le; jkT; vkfFkZd ekeyksa esa dksbZ fo'ks"k n[ky ugha nsrk FkkA ekS;Zdky ds foijhr ge bl dky esa

dkjhxjksa] O;kikfj;ksa vkSj egUrjksa dks xzkeh.k rFkk 'kgjh iz'kklu esa lg;ksx djrs gq, ns[krs gSaA xkaoksa esa cgqr vf/kd

lRrk izkIr dj yh Fkh] ftlls dsUnz dk dke cgqr de gks x;k FkkA blfy, xqIrksa dks ekS;Z ftruh cM+h ukSdj'kkgh

dh u rks vko';drk Fkh vkSj u gh ,slh ukSdj'kkgh [kM+h dhA xqIr jktkvksa us izcy lSU; 'kfDr ds ckotwn

xqIrdky esa tks laLFkkxr rFkk fodsUnzhdj.k dh fn'kk esa dk;Z dj jgs Fks os bl rjg ds izkxqIrdkyhu rRoksa ls dgha

vf/kd izcy FksA

tgk¡ rd xqIr ;qx esa O;kikj okf.kT; ds gzkl dk iz'u gS rks bl lEcU/k esa ,d vU; fopkj.kh; ckr ;g gS

fd jkse ds lkFk LFky ekxZ ls O;kikj Hkh gksrk Fkk rFkk ;g pkSFkh 'krh esa bruk vf/kd fodflr gqvk fd ^flYd* tks

vkfyZ;u ds dky esa lksus ls rkSy dj fcdrk Fkka og twfy;u ds dky esa bruk lLrk gks x;k fd lkekU; euq"; Hkh

mls [kjhn ldrk FkkA vr% ;g ugha dgk tk ldrk fd xqIr dky esa Hkkjr dk jkse ds lkFk O;kikfjd lEcU/k

iruksUeq[k jgk gksA jkse ds iru ds ckn mldk LFkku cStksfUV;e us xzg.k fd;k rFkk dkULVSUVkbu us mls vius

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'kklu dk dsUnz cuk;k] bl le; ls Hkkjr rFkk jkse dk O;kikfjd lEcU/k vkSj ?kfu"B gks x;kA Hkkjr ds fofHkUu

Hkkxksa ls izkIr cStfs UV;u flDdksa ls Hkh nksuksa ns'kksa ds chp ?kfu"B O;kikfjd lEcU/kksa dh lwpuk feyrh gSA vr% gekjs

ikl ;g fl) djus ds fy, dksbZ Hkh izek.k ugha gS fd xqIr ;qx esa O;kikj&okf.kT; dk gzkl gqvkA

lUnHkZ lwph&

1. oktis;h] ds0Mh0] bf.M;u U;wfelesfVd LVMht] vfHkuo ifCyds'ku] U;w fnYyh] ¼2004½
2. etwenkj] vkj0lh0] Js.; ;qx] Hkkjrh; fo|kHkou ckEcs] ¼1970½
3. vkj0ds0 eq[kthZ] xqIr ,Eik;j] jktdey izdk'ku] ubZ fnYyh ¼1948½] i`"B la[;k 48
4. jksfeyk Fkkij] Hkkjr dk bfrgkl] jktdey izdk'ku] ubZ fnYyh] iVuk] ¼1993½ i`0 132&133
5. fo|kyadkj] lR;dsrq] izkphu Hkkjr] Jh ljLorh lnu ubZ fnYyh ¼2015½] i`0 407
6. 'kekZ] jke'kj.k] izkphu Hkkjr esa jktuhfrd fopkj o laLFkk,a] jktdey izdk'ku] ubZ fnYyh] iVuk]
bykgkckn] dksydkrk ¼2014½ i`0 303] 319 o 327
7. 'kekZ] jke'kj.k] Hkkjrh; lkearokn] esdfeyu izdk'ku] fnYyh ¼1993½
8. vYrsdj] ,0,l0] izkphu Hkkjrh; 'kklu&i)fr] eksrh yky cukjlhnkl] okjk.klh ¼2003½ i`0 268
9. vk;axj] ds0oh0 vkj0] dUlhMjs'kal vku le vLisDV~l vkWQ ,sfU'k;UV bf.M;u ikWfyVh] enzkl ¼1916½] i`0
105
10. xksiky] yYyu th] bdksukfeDl ykbQ vkWQ uknZu bf.M;k] eksrh yky] cukjlhnkl] okjk.klh ¼700&1200
bZ0½
11. tk;loky] ds0ih0] fgUnw ikWfyVh] pkS[kEck b.MksoLs VuZ izdk'ku] okjk.klh] ¼1963½
12. >k ,oa Jhekyh] izkphu Hkkjr dk bfrgkl] fgUnh ek/;e dk;kZUo;u funs'kky; fnYyh fo'ofo|ky;] fnYyh
¼1984½] i`0 300
13. >k] Mh0,u0] fjosU;w flLVe bu iksLV ekS;kZ ,.M xqIrk VkbEl] dydRrk] 1967
14. ck'ke] ,0,y0] vn~Hkwr Hkkjr] flMfod ,.M tSDlu ;w0ds0 ¼1954½
15. eSrh] ,l0ds0] bdksukfed ykbQ vkWQ uknZu bf.M;k bu n xqIrk ihfj;M] i`0 135&38

IJCRT1807034 International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT) www.ijcrt.org 345