ONE-TAILED (MEAN)

1. Hypothesis

2. Level of significance α = 5%
Population variance is unknown
3. Selecting test statistics n ≥ 30
T-test
4. Determine decision rule critical values and p-values
5. Drawing conclusion reject or failed to reject null

Steps Formula 1-Tailed Remarks

1. Hypothesis (H1)
2. Level of sig.
3. Test stat (T-test)

Sample mean response time ( )

µ
Sample standard deviation (s)
Number of obs. for sample (n)
n square root

T-test
4. Determine decision rule

Critical t-test (1-tailed - lower-tailed)

1-α
df (n-1)
T.INV(1-α,n-1)

P-value (1-tailed-lower tailed)

t
df (n-1)
T.DIST(t,n-1,TRUE)
5. Drawing conclusion

Critical t-test (1-tailed - lowertailed)

T-test
Critical value

P-value (1-tailed-lower tailed)

p-value
α
 ONE-TAILED (MEAN)

1. Hypothesis

2. Level of significance α = 5%
Population variance is unknown
3. Selecting test statistics n ≥ 30
T-test
4. Determine decision rule critical values and p-values
5. Drawing conclusion reject or failed to reject null

Steps Formula 1-Tailed Remarks

1. Hypothesis (H1)
2. Level of sig.
3. Test stat (T-test)

Sample mean response time ( )

µ
Sample standard deviation (s)
Number of obs. for sample (n)
n square root

T-test
4. Determine decision rule

Critical t-test (1-tailed - upper-tailed)

1-α
df (n-1)
T.INV(1-α,n-1)

P-value (1-tailed-upper-tailed)
t
df (n-1)
1-T.DIST(t,n-1,TRUE)
5. Drawing conclusion

Critical t-test (1-tailed - upper-tailed)

T-test
Critical value

P-value (1-tailed-upper tailed)

p-value
α
 TWO-TAILED (MEAN)

1. Hypothesis

2. Level of significance α = 5%
Population variance is unknown
3. Selecting test statistics n ≥ 30
T-test
4. Determine decision rule critical values and p-values
5. Drawing conclusion reject or failed to reject null

Steps Formula 2-T Remarks

1. Hypothesis (H1)
2. Level of sig.
3. Test stat (T-test)

Sample mean response time ( ¯𝑥)

µ
Sample standard deviation (s)
Number of obs. for sample (n)
n square root

T-test
4. Determine decision rule

Critical t-test (2-tailed)

α
df (n-1)
T.INV.2T(1-α,n-1)

P-value (2-tailed)
t
df (n-1)
T.DIST.2T(t,n-1)
5. Drawing conclusion

Critical t-test (2-tailed)

 T-test
Critical value

P-value (2-tailed)
p-value
α
 ONE-TAILED (PROPORTION)

1. Hypothesis

2. Level of significance α = 5%

3. Selecting test statistics Z-test @ Z-statistic

4. Determine decision rule critical values and p-values

5. Drawing conclusion reject or failed to reject null

Steps Formula 1-T Remarks

1. Hypothesis (H1)
2. Level of sig.
3. Test stat (Z-test)

𝒑 ̂
𝒑_𝟎

n
𝒑 ̂ -
𝒑_𝟎
(𝒑_𝟎 (𝟏−𝒑_𝟎 ))/𝒏

Z-test
4. Determine decision rule

Critical z-test (1-tailed)

1-α
NORM.S.INV(1-α)

P-value (1-tailed)
z
NORM.S.DIST(z,TRUE)

5. Drawing conclusion

Critical z-test (1-tailed)

Z-test
Critical value

P-value (1-tailed)
p-value
α
 Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances Steps:
* Click Data --> Data Analysis
* Choose: t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
* Select variables according to the hypothesis (number only !!)

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances

HOW TO ANALYSE?

H1: Compare Alum Sheeting greater than Durrable Product (µ1-µ2 > 0)

Rule 2: If the test statistic is nonnegative (positive or zero), then the p-value in the output is the correct p-value for
an upper-tail test; but for a lower-tail test, you must subtract this number from 1.0 to get the correct p-value.

Critical t-test (1-tailed-upper tailed)

T-test
Critical value

P-value (1-tailed-upper tailed)

p-value
α
 Paired Two-Sample Steps:
* Click Data --> Data Analysis
* Choose: t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means
* Select variables according to the hypothesis (number only !!)

t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means

HOW TO ANALYSE?

H1: Actual pile length > Estimated pile length --> Actual pile length - Estimated pile length > 0 --> µd > 0)

Rule 2: If the test statistic is nonnegative (positive or zero), then the p-value in the output is the correct p-value for
an upper-tail test; but for a lower-tail test, you must subtract this number from 1.0 to get the correct p-value.

Critical t-test (1-tailed-upper tailed)

T-test
Critical value

P-value (1-tailed-upper tailed)

p-value
α
 F-TEST

F-Test Two-Sample for Variances

HOW TO ANALYSE?

H1: σ12 ≠ σ22 (Unequal variances)

Critical F-test (1-tailed-upper tailed)
F-test
Critical value

P-value (1-tailed-upper tailed)

p-value
α
 Step 1 Select data according to the question
Step 2 Sort data
Step 3

ONE WAY ANOVA

ANOVA: Single Factor

HOW TO ANALYSE?

H1: Not all means are equal

Critical F-test
F-test
Critical value

P-value
p-value
α
CHI-SQUARE