DLF Model

united
nations
 United Nations

• The United Nations is an international

organization who aims to establish
cooperation between countries all around
the globe. It solves international law,
international security, economic
development, social and human rights
related issues.
• Founded in 1945, after World War II, the
United Nations has a total of 192 member
countries.
WHAT IS UN ?

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 ORGANS OF THE UN

• The General Assembly

• The Security Council
• The Economic and Social Council
• The Trusteeship Council
• The Secretariat
• The International Court of Justice
 What is Model United Nations?
 Model UN is a simulation of the United Nations

 Students play the roles of delegates representing a specific country

in a UN committee
 The goal of a Model UN committee is to pass resolutions (solutions)
that will resolve the issues being debated
 The goal of each delegate is to have their country’s interests and
objectives reflected in the resolutions (solutions).
❖

OBJECTIVES OF MUN
 THE BASIC RULES

 All participants are called as delegates rather than

their maiden names. For e.g.- the participant
representing India will be called out as “DELEGATE OF
INDIA”.
 To speak at any point in the conference- delegates must
first seek permission from the chairperson. For this
they shall get recognized by raising placards.
 Delegates must maintain highest level of decorum in
the conference and shall use English language only.
 PLACARDS

• A placard is a small piece of a card or a paper that

highlights the country, the delegate is representing.
• To get recognized by the chair at any point of the
conference, to raise a point, a motion or to vote; the
delegates are required to raise they placards.

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 COMMITTEE AND QUORUM

A committee is a group of people entitled

with a specific theme of discussion wherein
they've to present their countries stand on
the issue concerned with that committee.
For e.g.- the UNSEC, deals with maintaining
international peace among all countries
and makes effort to prevent wars.

• To start the committee proceeding, a minimum number of members are

required to be present in the council.
• The quorum should be at least 1/5th of total committee strength.
• If the committee has a total strength of 50, to start the proceedings, the
total delegates present should be at least 10. .
Flow of debate
Set the agenda

Speaker’s List

Moderated Caucus Unmoderated Caucus

Voting
Procedures
 Speaker’s List
 One delegate speaks for a predetermined amount of
time(2 MINUTES)
 Yield time to the chair (no questions) or to the floor
(other delegates) in form of questions or comments)
 Useful to show your country’s position on an issue or
describing a course of action.
 Points and Motions
 Points are used to ask questions
 Point to parliamentary inquiry—ask a question about the
procedure to the chairperson.

 Point of personal privilege— used to point out a technical issue or

physical/mental discomfort.

 Point of information—ask the speaker (speaking delegate) a

question if you notice a wrong fact in their speech

 Point to clarification- ask the speaker a question demanding

clarification/explanation on the spoken words.

 You do not need a vote to raise any point. Any delegate is

not obliged to respond to any point.
 Moderated Caucus
 Delegates speak in turn for short periods of time on a
subtopic for a max time 2 minutes per speaker (total 20 mins
and 10 speakers)
 You must be recognized by the chair to speak
 Quicker than the speaker’s list, but more structured than an
unmoderated caucus
 Unmoderated Caucus
 Delegates talk amongst one another freely for a specified
amount of time, usually 15 minutes
 The chair is not involved in the discussion at all

 Useful for writing draft resolutions or negotiating intensely

with other delegates
 Points and Motions

Motions are used to direct debate

Motions must be voted on by the
 Motion to open the speaker’s list committee and typically require a
 Motion for a moderated caucus majority vote.

 Motion for an unmoderated caucus

 Motion for one on one debate

Motion for two on two debate

Motion for Question- Answer session

Motion to introduce a draft resolution

Motion to enter voting procedures

 Voting procedures

 Voting procedures are entered when a

committee is ready to vote on draft resolutions

A draft resolution must be

“introduced” through a motion
before it can be voted upon in
voting procedures.
VOTING TECHNICALITIES

 There are two procedures of voting in an MUN session-

1. INFORMAL- voting through show of placards.

-Used for motions to pass on floor.
- A simple majority is required for informal voting. (50%+1 of
the total strength)

2. FORMAL- verbal voting through verbal communication.

- Used to pass final resolution of the committee.
- Special majority is required for formal voting. (2/3 rd of the
total strength)

.
 FORMAL VOTING

 It is taken up in 3 rounds-

1- Round 1: All delegates have an option

between choosing: a) Yes b) No c) Yes with
rights d) No with rights e) Abstain f) Pass
2- Round 2: All delegates who have opted for
rights, get to justify their positions. This round is
entered only if there is a Pass and a Yes with
Rights or a No with Rights.
3- Round 3: Delegates have to cast their Final
vote and the three choices they have are: a Yes,
a No and an Abstain.
VOTING CHOICES

 YES- COMPLETE AGREEMENT

 NO- COMPLETE DISAGREEMENT
 YES WITH RIGHTS- AGREEMENT WITH JUSTIFICATION
 NO WITH RIGHTS- DISAGREEMENT WITH JUSTIFICATION
 ABSTAIN- DO NOT WANT TO VOTE AT ALL
 PASS- WILL VOTE IN NEXT ROUND

.
 Resolutions

 Resolutions are made up of explanatory operative

clauses
 Explanatory clauses describe the situation.

 Operative clauses describe the course of action taken

by the committee.
 Sample Resolution
UNGA
AUTHORS : INDIA, UK
Signatories: U.S.A, Canada, France , Japan, Italy.
AGENDA: Restoration of forest cover
1. Demands all nations to increase their forest cover by at least 60,000 sq
km.

2. Calls for strict implementation of environmental laws made by

respective legislations.

3. Establishes a deadline of 12 months for implementation of clauses 1

and 2.
 AGENDA-
Preventive diplomacy, peace making and
peace keeping

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LOOKING FORWARD TO
MAXIMUM
PARTICIPATION.
DLF Organizing committee.
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