01.

Give the sequence of operations during the opening and closing

of a circuit?
A. The sequence of operations during the opening and closing of the
circuit is given below.
 During Opening – First open circuit breaker, open isolator, and
then close earthing switch is provided.
 During Closing – First open earthing switch, close isolator, and then
close the circuit breaker.

02. In what way is an isolator different from an air-break switch?

A. Isolators are used to connect or disconnect the line only under no-load
condition while air-break switches are used for making and breaking of
the circuit under loaded condition. Air-break switches are provided with
arc control devices.

03. What is a flexible bus?

A. The flexible bus consists of ACSR which is made from a number of
strands. ACSR conductor is made by using aluminum and steel. The inner
strands in the conductor are made of steel and outer side strands are
made of aluminum.

04. List out the equipment’s used in substation?

A. The equipment’s used substations are lightning arresters, isolators,
circuit breakers, current transformers, potential transformers, power
transformer, bus bar, capacitor bank, reactors, battery bank, relays,
earthing system, insulators and also control room.

05. State the relative merits of indoor and outdoor substations?

A. The merits of the indoor substation are less space is required, less
maintenance, and control cable length, protection from lightning,
flexibility in installation, no dust, and dirt.
 06. Why are isolators necessarily provided on the supply side of the
circuit breaker?
A. Isolators are necessarily provided on the supply side of the circuit
breaker in order to ensure isolation of the circuit breaker from the live
parts for the purpose of maintenance.

07. Name the interlockings provided with isolators?

A. The interlocking provided with isolators are :
 a. Interlocking between three poles for simultaneous operation.
 b. Interlocking with circuit breakers.

08. What is Substation?

A. Substation means which consists of a number of equipment used for
switching, controlling, and changing some characteristics of parameters.
The main purpose of the substation is to step down the voltage along
with this it is also used for protection, switching, and controlling.

09. What is Capacitor Bank?

A. A capacitor bank is used to improve the power factor of the line.

10. What is the circuit breaker?

A. A circuit breaker is a device used for protection against overload and
short circuit conditions. circuit breaker interrupts the line if overload and
a short circuit occur. The circuit breakers used in substations are an SF6
circuit breaker, vacuum circuit breaker, air blast circuit breaker, etc.

11. What is the isolator?

A. An isolator is nothing but a switch it is used to interrupt circuits during
the no-load condition.
12. What is the use of the series reactor?
A. The purpose of the reactor is to avoid short circuit current in a line.

13. What are the instrument transformers?

A. The instruments transformers used in the substation are :
a. Current Transformer b. Potential Transformer

14. What is the use of a current transformer?

A. The purpose of the current transformer is to measure the current of
the line and the current transformer is also used for protection.

15. What is the use of a potential transformer?

A. The purpose of the potential transformer is to measure the voltage of
the line.

16. Difference between isolator and circuit breaker?

A. Isolators are operated only at no load condition whereas circuit breaks
can be operated under load conditions and no-load conditions.

17. Why is air blast circuit breaker noisy?

A. The air blast circuit breakers interrupt the circuit by blowing
compressed air at supersonic speed across the opening contacts. The
result is that very loud noise is produced. The noise accompanying the air
blast is so loud that noise-suppression methods must be used when the
breakers are installed near residential areas.
If you have any doubts on question and answer on the substation,
comment below.
 18. What does the nameplate of the circuit breaker indicate?
A. The nameplate on a circuit breaker usually indicates :
 a. The maximum steady current it carries.
 b. The maximum interrupting current.
 c. The maximum line voltage.
 d. The interrupting time in cycles.

19. What are the applications of the SF6 circuit breaker?

A. A typical SF6 circuit breaker consists of interrupter units each capable
of dealing with currents up to 60 KA and voltage in the range of 50-80 KV.
A number of units are connected based on the system voltage and all
units are connected in series. SF6 circuit breakers are used for 115 KV to
230 KV voltages, power ratings 10 MVA to 20 MVA, and interrupting time
less than 3 cycles.

20. The current chopping mainly occurs in?

A. It mainly occurs in an air blast circuit breaker.

21. What is the purpose of the circuit breaker?

A. Circuit interruption only.

22. The H.R.C fuses provide the best protection against?

A. Short-circuit

23. What is the contact resistance of the circuit breaker?

A. The contact resistance of the circuit breaker is 20 microfarad.

24. Why sparking occurs when switching off the load?

A. The sparking occurs while switching off the load because of high
circuit inductance.
25. What will be the power factor of arc?
A. The arc voltage in a circuit breaker is in phase with arc current.

26. How the rating of the circuit breaker is decided?

A. The rating of the circuit breaker is decided based on the symmetrical
fault.

27. When arc interruption takes place in an oil circuit breaker?

A. The arc interruption takes place in an oil circuit breaker when current
goes through zero.

28. Name the circuit breaker which has high reliability and
negligible maintenance?
A. The SF6 circuit breaker has high reliability and negligible maintenance.

29. Two fuse wire of the same metal has a fusing current of 10 amps
and 15 amps, which has more diameter?
A. The fuse wire of 15 amps has more diameter.

30. The operating of the fuse is based on?

A. Heating effect of electric current.

31. What is the difference between overload and short circuit?

If you have any doubts on question and answer on the substation,
comment below.
A. when a short circuit occurs, the fault point of the voltage is reduced to
zero and abnormal current of high magnitude starts flowing through the
network to the point of fault. On the other hand, an overload means loads
will be greater than the desired value. under such conditions, the voltage
at the overload point may be low, and will not be zero.
32. What is the symmetrical fault?
A. The symmetrical fault occurs when all three conductors of a three-
phase line are brought together into a short-circuit condition. The
symmetrical faults rarely occur in the power system. Experience shows
that hardly 5% of overload line faults are symmetrical faults.

33. What is the difference between suspension type and strain type
insulator?
A. The difference between suspension and strain type insulators is that
suspension insulators are used when there are no diversions and also it
is used in diversions, crossings, etc whereas strain insulators are used
only at crossings, diversions, etc. Suspension insulator is always parallel
to the tower and perpendicular to the ground whereas strain insulators
are always parallel to the ground and perpendicular to the tower.

34. What is the full form of ACSR conductor?

A. The full form of ACSR conductor is Aluminium Conductor Steel
Reinforced.

35. What is the purpose of a relay?

A. The purpose of the relay is to detect the fault and initiate the circuit
breaker to interrupt the line. The relays used in the substation are
impedance relay, electromagnetically type relay, etc.

36. How suspension and strain insulators are made?

A. The suspension and strain insulators are made by a connecting the
number of disc insulator, disc insulators are connected in series with the
metallic link. The 66 KV line has 6 disc insulators connected in series and
110 KV line has 11 disc insulators connected in series. Each disc insulator
is manufactured for 11 KV voltage.
37. What are the types of substation?
A. The types of substations are indoor and outdoor substations.

38. What is the purpose of lightning arresters in substation?

A. The purpose of a lightning arrester is to avoid lightning tender,
lightning arrester is always connected at the starting of the line. Suppose
if we do not provide lightning arresters, then when lightning tender
occurs it will damage all equipment in the substation and if power
transformer gets damaged then replacing transformer cost will be more,
so always lightning arrester is provided at the starting of the line for
protection.

39. Which equipment comes first and last in substation?

A. first comes to a lightning arrester, then comes isolator, circuit breaker,
isolator, instrument transformer, isolator, power transformer, feeder
with a capacitor bank.

40. What is the control room in substation?

A. Control room means where the switching and controlling actions are
done, monitor and recording the load consumed by the consumer, Taking
LC, line clear, etc.

41. What is LC in substation?

A. LC means line clear if any city and areas electricity is removed for one
hour that is done in substation called line clear.

42. What is the full form of GOS?

A. The full form of GOS is the gange operating switch.
43. What is the corona effect in lines?
A. Corona effect occurs in transmission lines, when corona occurs it will
produce hissing noise, ozone gas and produces color. Corona effect can be
reduced by using the ACSR conductor, the spacing between the conductor,
bundle conductor, etc.

44. What is a bundle conductor?

A. When two or more conductor is used as a single conductor then it is
called bundle conductor.

45. Different types of insulators used in substation?

A. The different types of insulators used in the substation are suspension
type insulators, strain type, disc type insulators, etc.

46. What is the skin effect in line?

A. The skin effect means current starts flowing on a surface of the
conductor, so to reduce skin effect ACSR conductors are used.
If you have any doubts on question and answer on the substation,
comment below.

47. What is the full form of OTI and WTI?

A. The full form of OTI is the oil temperature indicator which is used in
power transformer to check the temperature of the oil and WTI is a
winding temperature indicator that is used in power transformer to
check the temperature of the winding.
 48. Why stones are used in substation?
A. The stones or ballast used in substation because of many reasons :
 a. To avoid storing water during rain.
 b. To avoid the coming of animals like snakes and other insects.
 c. To avoid growing of trees and plants in a substation.
 d. During changing the oil in the transformer there will be some
chances of falling oil, due to oil falling on the ground, fire can take place
but by using stones there will be no chance of fire.
 e. stones also provide mechanical support to the equipment.

49. What are the types of substations based on construction?

A. The types of a substation based on the construction are
 a. Indoor Substation
 b. Outdoor Substation
 c. Underground Substation
 d. Pole mounted substation

50. What is the full form of MUSS?

A. The full form of MUSS is Mater Unit Sub-Station.

51. Why substations are required?

A. The substation is used to step down the voltage which is coming from
transmission lines and send the step-down voltage to the distribution
transformer station which is located near the consumer.

52. What is a feeder?

A. The feeder is nothing but conductors that are used to connect the
substation to the consumer where the electricity needs to be distributed.

53. What is the purpose of sheaths in cables?

A. The purpose of sheaths in the cable is to prevent the ingress of
moisture.
54. Why should synchronous condensers be installed in substations?
A. The purpose of the synchronous condenser is to improve the power
factor of the line, the synchronous condenser is nothing but a
synchronous motor which is used to improve power factors. The
synchronous motor acts as a synchronous condenser if it is not connected
to the load and when more excitation is given to it then it acts like a
synchronous condenser.