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BRIEF COMMUNZCA TIONS 571

At first sight these two inventions seem unrelated. Actually they are linked. The
Yahgan, to survive in their climate with such scanty clothing, needed fire available a t
all times. I n the bark canoes, fire was carried on a piece of sod which was always damp
because the canoes leaked. I n a water-tight dugout, however, the sod was less protection
from fire and the tin stove thus served a definite and important function.
I n regard to Mr. Gladwin’s charge that most archeologists should be called
Phuddy Duddys, I think he is partially right, inasmuch as many current archeological
papers are so technical and assume such intimate knowledge of the subject that authors
automatically cut themselves off from many possible readers. I n all fairness, this is
partly due to high publication costs and the resulting necessity for brevity. On the
other hand, present field and laboratory methods, unspectacular and monotonous as
they seem, are getting somewhere, so much so that they have completely revised the
the archeological picture in almost every major New World field during my working
lifetime. This I think is spectacular. This advance in knowledge is nowhere better
exemplified than in the southwestern United States, where Mr. Gladwin himself has
played such a notable part.
S. K. LOTHROP
PEABODY MUSEUM
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
CAMBRIDGE, MASS.

NAMES OF AMERICAN NEGRO SLAVES

In “Studies in the Science of Society” presented to A. J. Keller is a chapter headcd
as above, by Newbell Niles Puckett. Towards the end of the slave trade slaves were
drawn mostly from the Gold Coast and eastwards. Quite a number of the names of
extended kindreds are still found as names of individual slaves. I table a few examples
of the African names of extended families.

NAMEAS GIVEN: PAGE: ACTUALNAME: TRIBE: TEKKITOKY:

Anthony 413 ? Andoni S. Nigeria

Cuffey 474 ? Gold Coast
Quashe 474 Kwashi Gold Coast
Kudjo 474 Kudjo Gold Coast
Quaco 474 Kwako Gold Coast
Quo miny 474 Kwamina Gold Coast
Annika 475 Anika Efik S. Nigeria
Cudah 47s Kuda Gold Coast
Monime 415 Minima Bonny S. Nigeria
Mowoorie 47 5 Mowori Bonny S. Nigeria
Ocrague 415 Okoragwe Ibo S. Nigeria
Ocreka 415 Okrika Okrika S. Nigeria
Warrah 415 Warri Jekri S. Nigeria
Colos 415 Nkalo Ibo S. Nigeria
Hibou 415 Ibo Ibo S. Nigeria
Deddie 415 Dede Jekri S. Nigcria
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572 AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST [N.S., 50,1948

NAMEAS GIVEN: PAGE: ACTUALNAME: TRIBE: TERRITORY:

Becky 481 Beke Ibo S. Nigeria
Ginny
48 1 Ginneh Ivory Coast
Jinny
Manga 482 Manga Bakweri British
Cameroons
Boney 487 Bonny S. Nigeria
Edom 487 Etim Ibibio S. Nigeria
Aggaby Yoruba S. Nigeria
Kasina 488 Katsina S. Nigeria
Kisse 488 Kissi Temne Sierra Leone
Prepey 488 Prempeh Ashanti Gold Coast
Light on the meaning of some of these names is gained by noting a practice common
among West African tribes of calling a child b y the name of the day of the week on
which i t was born.
“A second name which the child usually takes is that of the day of the week on
which it is born. The following are the names of the days in the Fanti language,varied
in their orthography according to the sex of the child:
Male Female
Sunday Quisi Akosua
Monday Kujot Ajua
Tuesday Quabina Abmaba
Wednesday Quaku Ekua
Thursday Quahu Aba
Friday Kufi Efua
Saturday Quamina Ama”’
The same custom is found among the Ibo. “Children are named firstly after the
day of the week on which they are born, and secondly after an ancestor. . . . As far as
regards the week the days are Eke, Oge, Afo, Nkwo. These are the same names as those
of the Bini, but the days ‘Afo’ and ‘Oge’ are in inverted order.’I2
“The name ‘Buck’ (p. 487) is interesting, as i t appears to be the same root as in
‘Bukra Nigger’ and derives from an Ibibio root mbakara, to rule. Hence a ‘Bukra’ is one
who behavesin the haughty, insolent manner of a ruler or m a ~ t e r . ” ~
It is also possible that many of the names that now wear an English dress are cor-
ruptions of native names. I have given a few, such as Anthony, Becky, Jinny.
Other African kindred names today masquerade under English titles, thus among
the Efik of Calabar one fmds that:
Eyamba becomes Iron Bar
Orok Duke

Kingsley, M. Wesl African Studies, p. 147. London, 1901.

Thomas, N. W. Report, Ibo Speaking Peoples. I, pp. 71,127. London, 1913.
3 Jeffreys, M. D. W. Africa, p. 505. October, 1932.
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BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS 573

Nsa Henshaw
Akabom Cobham
Effiom Ephraim
Okun Hogan
iisibong Archibong‘
M. D. W. JEFFREYS
UNIVERSITYOF WITWATERSRAND
JOHANNESBURG, SOUTHAFRICA

SOME POINTS OF INTEREST FROM HAN HUNG SU’S “STUDIES ON

MEGALITHIC CULTURE OF KOREA”
Up to today very little research has been done on Korean megalithic culture. Some
reports have been presented by Western travelers and missionaries but they are not
very satisfactory. However, a number of interesting articles have been contributed by
Japanese and Korean anthropologists, above all by Han Hung Su, formerly of the
University of Praha and a t present a t the University of Vienna. He wrote, in the
Korean language, Studies 0% Megalithic Culture of Korea, which appeared in the Chin-
tan Hakpo (July 1935), a quarterly journal published in Seoul.
According to Mr. Han, megalithic monuments in Korea may be divided into three
cbsses: Standing stones (menhirs), supported stones (dolmens), and stone piles and
fences.
Standing stones are found in large numbers in the southwest, in the vicinity of Seoul,
and near the famous Diamond Mountain. Many Korean menhirs retain their original
form, while others were altered a t a later time. During the period of predominance of
Buddhism many menhirs were carved into statues of Bodhisattvas. They are common
all over Korea and are called “miruk” by the Koreans. Han Hung Su reports numerous
Buddhist statues which he believes to have originally been megalithic monuments. The
dimensions of the figures lead him to believe that the stones were not originally designed
for sculpture. The positions of the arms are often unnatural, the noses flat, the figure
poorly proportioned. But the real proof of the megalithic origin of these statues lies in
the fact that the Buddhist images are often found near numbers of menhirs which retain
their original shape. Furthermore, these menhirs also are called “miruk,” though no
trace of carving is visable.
One menhir of particular interest because of its “mushroom” shape has been found
in northern Korea. Women living in the neighborhood still have faith that the stone
will bring them fertility. Legends concerning menhirs are varied. In some areas it is
maintained that they were erected by ancient “strong men.” Some say that “witches”
were turned into stone; others tell of monoliths springing up from the ground. And
many old women still approach them to beg for long life.
The second type of megalithic remains found in Korea is the dolmen. They are found
in large numbers all over Korea. These dolmens have been described as having two or
three supporting stones. But the observer is very often speaking of the dolmen as it
exists today and not of the original. Korean dolmens may be divided into two main
groups according to geographical location. The “Northern type” has a smoother cover
idem., Old Celabar, p. 56. Hope-Waddell Press, Calabar, 1934.