GYNECOLOGIC

CANCER
PRESENTED BY GROUP 35
 OBJECTIVES
Define Gynecologic Understand the
preventive
cancer and its
measures and
types.
treatments.

Value the significance Develop an

of reproductive overall sense
of awareness.
system.
 WHAT IS
GYNECOLOGIC
CANCER?
 GYNECOLOGIC CANCER

Gynecologic cancer is any cancer

that starts in a woman's
reproductive organs, including the
cervix, endometrium, fallopian
tubes, ovaries, uterus, and vagina
 HOW ARE THESE CANCERS
FORMED?
Gynecologic cancers happen when cells lining one of the
reproductive organs change, and these abnormal cells begin to
multiply and spread.
Human papillomavirus (HPV): Cervical, vaginal and vulvar cancers
are often linked to HPV, a common sexually transmitted
infection.
Excessive hormone exposure, estrogen (hormone) replacement
therapy.
Family history of gynecologic cancer.
Genetic changes acquired over the course of a lifetime.
If the mother has cervical cancer, the infant can be exposed to
tumor cells in fluids in the birth canal and could aspirate tumor
cells into the lungs.
 TYPES OF
GYNECOLOGIC
CANCER
TYPES OF GYNECOLOGIC CANCER

CERVICAL CANCER
begins in the cervix, which is the
lower, narrow end of the uterus
—also called the womb.
TYPES OF GYNECOLOGIC CANCER
OVARIAN CANCER
begins in the ovaries, which are
located on each side of the
uterus. Some ovarian cancers
can also begin in the fallopian
tubes or peritoneum.
TYPES OF GYNECOLOGIC CANCER

UTERINE CANCER
begins in the uterus, the pear-
shaped organ in a woman’s pelvis
where the baby grows when she
is pregnant.
TYPES OF GYNECOLOGIC CANCER
VAGINAL CANCER
begins in the vagina, which is
the hollow, tube-like channel
between the bottom of the
uterus and the outside of the
body.
TYPES OF GYNECOLOGIC CANCER

VULVAR CANCER
begins in the vulva, the
outer part of the female
genital organs.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
ABDOMINAL BACK, OR PELVIC PAIN OR
PRESSURE
ABNORMAL VAGINAL BLEEDING OR
DISCHARGE
BLOATING OR FEELING OF FULLNESS
ITCHING, BURNING OR SKIN CHANGES
MORE FREQUENT URGE TO URINATE
COMMON SYMPTOMS OF
GYNECOLOGIC CANCER
Abnormal vaginal bleeding or
discharge is common on all gynecologic
cancers except vulvar cancer.
Feeling full too quickly or difficulty
eating, bloating, and abdominal or back
pain are common for ovarian cancer.

More frequent or urgent need to

Pelvic pain or pressure is common
urinate and/or constipation are common
for ovarian and uterine cancers.
for ovarian and vaginal cancers.

Itching, burning, pain, or tenderness of the vulva,

and changes in vulva color or skin, such as a rash,
sores, or warts, are found only in vulvar cancer.
 PREVENTION
USE CONDOMS AVOID DIET AND
OR DENTAL DAMS TOBACCO EXERCISE
DURING SEXUAL
ACTIVITY TO
LOWER THE RISK
OF GETTING HPV.
 PREVENTION
EARLY PROPHYLAC SHARE YOUR
DETECTION TIC SURGERY FAMILY HISTORY
WITH YOUR
DOCTOR
 TREATING
GYNECOLOGIC
CANCER WITH
MEDICATIONS
TREATING GYNECOLOGIC CANCER WITH MEDICATIONS

CHEMOTHERAPY
Uses drugs, usually injected into a vein
or given by mouth, to kill cancer cells.
TREATING GYNECOLOGIC CANCER WITH MEDICATIONS

IMMUNOTHERAPY
Involves stimulation of the immune system to
help the body better fight gynecologic cancer.
TREATING GYNECOLOGIC CANCER WITH MEDICATIONS

HORMONE THERAPY
Uses hormones to treat and prevent recurrences
of some types of gynecologic cancers.
TREATING GYNECOLOGIC CANCER WITH MEDICATIONS

INTRAPERITONEAL CHEMOTERAPY
An intricate and unique treatment that delivers
chemotherapy drugs directly into the abdominal
cavity through a catheter.
TREATING GYNECOLOGIC CANCER WITH MEDICATIONS

RADIATION THERAPY
an essential treatment for most gynecologic cancers,
whether it’s used as a primary/curative treatment or
postoperatively, as an adjuvant therapy
 RISK FACTORS
EXCESSIVE HORMONE EXPOSURE, ESTROGEN
(HORMONE) REPLACEMENT THERAPY.
FAMILY HISTORY OF GYNECOLOGIC CANCER.
GENETIC CHANGES ACQUIRED OVER THE
COURSE OF A LIFETIME.
HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS (HPV) INFECTION
REPRODUCTIVE AND MENSTRUAL HISTORY
 RISK FACTORS
DIABETES
HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS (HPV) INFECTION
SMOKING
HIV INFECTION OR A WEAK IMMUNE SYSTEM
OBESITY
PREVIOUS HISTORY OF BREAST OR
GYNECOLOGIC CANCER
OLDER AGE
 RISK FACTORS
FAMILY HISTORY
USE OF ORAL BIRTH CONTROL AND/OR
FERTILITY DRUGS
ESTROGEN THERAPY
HIGH-FAT DIET
PRIOR RADIATION TO PELVIC AREA
 WORST CASE
SCENARIOS/RELATED
FACTORS/POSSIBLE
CAUSES
 OVARIAN CANCER
Causes more deaths than any other cancer of the female
reproductive system

One of the reasons thatt ovarian cancer is so deadly is that in its

early stages, it rarely causes any symptoms. Unfortunately, this
means it often goes undetected until it's too late, when the
cancer has already spread to the pelvis and abdomen.

However, if diagnosed at an early stage (when the cancer is still

confined to the ovary), it can be successfully treated by removing
the ovaries and nearby reproductive organs, followed by
chemotherapy to kill any remaining cancer cells.
 UTERINE CANCER
Can metastasize to the rectum or bladder
Other areas where it may spread include the vagina,
ovaries, and fallopian tubes.
This form of cancer is typically slow-growing and often
detected before it has spread to more distant areas of
the body.
If Uterine Cancer has spread regionally, the 5-year
relative survival rate is 70%.
If the uterine cancer is diagnosed after the cancer has
spread into other areas of the body, the 5-year relative
survival rate is 18%.
CERVICAL CANCER
The 2nd leading cancer site among women
in the Philippines

An estimated 7,277 new cases of, and 3,807

deaths due to, cervical cancer are
expected to occur every year. Generally,
all women who have had sexual
intercourse are at risk of cervix cancer.
 VULVAR CANCER
You can experience severe burning, itching or pain. An
open sore that lasts for more than a month. Skin of the
vulva looks white and feels rough.

Stage 4B is the most advanced stage of vulvar cancer.

The cancer has spread to organs, such as the lungs or
bone, or to lymph nodes further away in the body.

It may or may not have spread to nearby lymph nodes

and organs.
 VAGINAL CANCER
Stage 4B or the advanced vaginal cancer is not usually
curable.

But radiotherapy can relieve symptoms such as pain,

swelling or bleeding. Your specialist may suggest
chemotherapy if you are fit enough to have this treatment.

Surgery is not a standard treatment. But in some situations,

you might have it to treat symptoms. This is palliative
surgery. It can relieve your symptoms but won’t cure the
cancer
FACTS
AND
MYTHS
 MYTH FACT
Many women with ovarian, uterine, cervical or vaginal
THERE ARE NO cancer do have early warning signs. Common symptoms
are abdominal pressure, fullness, swelling or bloating,
EARLY SYMPTOMS urinary urgency, pelvic discomfort or abnormal bleeding
OF GYNECOLOGICAL and discharge. Unlike other medical conditions with
CANCER these same symptoms, gynecologic cancers generally
get worse over time.

Of all the gynecologic cancers, only cervical cancer can be

detected with a Pap test. This test can detect cervical
cancer early, when treatment is most effective. The Pap test
PAP TESTS CAN also helps prevent cervical cancer by finding precancerous
DETECT ALL cell changes on the cervix that might become cervical cancer
if not treated. Pap tests cannot detect ovarian or uterine
GYNECOLOGIC cancers. When one of these other types of cancer is
CANCERS. suspected, a pelvic exam should be conducted to check for
masses or growths, or diagnostic tests such as a CA 125 blood
test and/or transvaginal ultrasound may be ordered.
 MYTH FACT
Although ovarian cancer can be difficult to detect
early because of its vague symptoms and location,
OVARIAN CANCER research continues to advance detection and treatment.
IS IMPOSSIBLE TO Additionally, some known factors increase your risk,
DETECT EARLY. including family history, personal history, genetic
mutations, age and obesity.

Infection with the human papillomavirus, or HPV, must be

present for cervical cancer to develop. HPV is the most
CERVICAL CANCER commonly sexually transmitted infection, but the most
CANNOT BE common types can be prevented with an available vaccine.
Cervical cancer usually develops slowly after ongoing
PREVENTED. HPV infection and often appears as a precancerous
condition called dysplasia.
 MYTH FACT

TAKING THE BIRTH Certain hormone-based contraceptives have been shown to

CONTROL PILL CAN reduce the risk of uterine and ovarian endometrial cancer
with long-term use. When in doubt, discuss your risk factors
INCREASE YOUR RISK OF
or any symptoms of gynecologic cancer with your physician.
GETTING GYNECOLOGIC
Early diagnosis can be key to successful treatment.
CANCERS.
 OUR TEAM

BRAINARD VALLANGCA EDRICH VILLANUEVA

 OUR TEAM

KLAVIGNE NOSCAL KRIZZHA NIDUAZA CHRIZLE TENENAN

 OUR TEAM

MARY ANNE RODRIGO KAYLA PANGILINAN MAUI PAGARAGAN

 OUR TEAM

ALLYSSA PRUDENCIO KRISTHEA PILORIN ALEXANDRIA OGAYAN

THANK
YOU
CONTACT US

smu.edu.ph
078-321-2221