Status of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program

QUEZON DISTRICT
QUEZON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Alunan, Quezon, Isabela
STATUS OF PANTAWID PAMILYANG PILIPINO PROGRAM

(4PS) BENEFICIARIES AND ITS PERCEIVED EFFECTS TO
THE GRADE 11 STUDENTS AT QUEZON NATIONAL HIGH
SCHOOL
A Research
Presented to the Teachers of

Quezon National High School
Senior High School Department
______________
In Partial Fulfilment
Of the Subject Requirement for

Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion
THEODORE RACADIO
JOHN LANDER JOSON
LORETO LAYOS JR
BILLY ARADANAS
MARK DAVE GAMLOSEN
RHOLDAN SEGUNDO
EARL CAMUS
ARVIE VALDEZ
JERWIN MARQUEZ
ERICA TAEZA
VALERIE VILLANUEVA
CHAPTER l
078-258-6133
300568quezonnhs@gmail.com
www.facebook.com/300568QuezonNHS
QUEZON DISTRICT
The Problem and Its Background
Background of the Study
“The State shall protect and promote the right of all citizens to quality education at all levels and
shall take appropriate steps to make education accessible to all”, according to the 1987 constitution,. With
this, the Philippine government initiated a version of CCT or conditional cash transfer that is called
Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program or 4ps. The aim of this program is to eradicate extreme poverty in the
Philippines by investing in health and education particularly in children from 0-18 years of age (Montilla
et.al, 2015).
The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) is a social protection program in the Philippines
that provides conditional cash transfers to poor households to improve their health, nutrition, and education.
Several studies have shown that the program has contributed to improved school attendance and enrollment
rates among children from beneficiary households. However, there are still concerns about the quality of
education received by these children, especially in their academic performance. Some studies suggest that
while the program has increased access to education, it has not necessarily resulted in significant
improvements in academic performance. Nonetheless, the 4Ps program remains an important initiative in the
Philippines to address poverty and promote education, and ongoing efforts are being made to address the
challenges faced by beneficiary households in improving their children's academic performance.
078-258-6133 4Ps has two components and that is health and

QUEZON DISTRICT
education. Under the health component, each family-beneficiary receives a total of PHP6,000 annually for
their health and nutrition expenses. On the other hand, under the education component, the program provides
a total of PHP 3,000 per child (with a maximum of three children per household) for a school year and that
is for their educational expenses. And to avail the said cash grant, children aged 3-5 years old must be
enrolled in day care program or pre-school and attend at least 85% of the required school days. While
children aged 6-18 years old must be enrolled in school and attend at least 85% of the required school days.
Indeed, this program is a great help for poor families and for their children to get a chance to quality
education (Reyes et.cl, 2015).
Access to education is a fundamental human right, and the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program
aims to promote this by providing conditional cash transfers to the poorest households in the Philippines.
One of the primary objectives of the program is to improve the educational outcomes of children from these
households.
While attendance rates are one measure of educational outcomes, they do not necessarily provide a
complete picture of the quality of education that students are receiving. It is important to examine the
perceived effects of the 4Ps on academic performance to better understand the program's impact on the
students' learning and progress.
Academic performance is typically measured through grades, test scores, and other forms of
assessment. However, it is important to recognize that these measures may not fully capture all aspects of a
student's learning. For example, students may demonstrate their knowledge and skills through class
participation, homework completion, or other forms of non-traditional assessment.
078-258-6133 The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps)

QUEZON DISTRICT
has a conditionality that requires children aged 0-18 years old of the beneficiary household to attend school
at least 85% of the time to receive the full benefits of the program. Therefore, understanding the impact of
the program on student attendance rates is crucial in evaluating the program's effectiveness in promoting
educational outcomes.
Attendance rates are often used as a proxy for educational outcomes, but it is also important to
examine the quality of attendance. Regular and punctual attendance is essential to ensure that students are
actively engaged in the learning process and can keep up with the academic curriculum. However, the
reasons for absences should also be considered, such as illness, household responsibilities, transportation
issues, and lack of interest in schooling.
In the Philippines, issues related to school attendance have been well documented. According to the
Department of Education's Basic Education Information System, the average attendance rate for public
schools in the Philippines was 84.5% for school year 2019-2020. Furthermore, students in rural areas, low-
income families, and those from indigenous communities are more likely to experience absenteeism, which.
can affect their academic progress and achievement.
Thus, the perceived effects of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program on student attendance rates
need to be examined to determine its contribution to addressing absenteeism. Additionally, it is essential to
understand the reasons behind the attendance patterns of program beneficiaries to design targeted
interventions that can help improve attendance rates and ultimately, educational outcomes. The study can
also evaluate the
078-258-6133 quality of attendance, such as punctuality and

QUEZON DISTRICT
regularity, to identify specific areas of improvement.
Overall, examining the relationship between the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program and
attendance rates can provide insights into the program's effectiveness in promoting education and reducing
absenteeism among children from poor households.
As a representative of Quezon National High School, I believe that studying the status of Pantawid
Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) recipients and its effects on students' academic performance and
attendance is of great significance to our school community. Our institution serves a diverse population of
students, including those from low-income families who may be recipients of the 4Ps program. Therefore,
understanding the impact of this program on their educational outcomes is crucial in providing them with the
support they need to succeed academically.
Furthermore, academic performance and attendance are key metrics that we use to measure the
success of our educational programs. By understanding the perceived effects of the 4Ps program on these
metrics, we can identify areas where we need to focus our efforts to provide better support to our students.
We can also work towards developing more effective interventions that cater to the unique needs of students
from low-income households.
Moreover, our school's research on the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program and its impact on
students can provide valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities facing poverty reduction
programs in the Philippines. By identifying the most effective ways to support students from disadvantaged
backgrounds, our research can contribute to the development of more effective poverty reduction programs
and educational interventions that will benefit our school community and beyond.
078-258-6133 In conclusion, as a school community, we

QUEZON DISTRICT
recognize the importance of studying the status of 4Ps recipients and its impact on our students' educational
outcomes. Through our research, we can gain valuable insights into the effectiveness of poverty reduction
programs and work towards developing more effective interventions to support our students' academic
success.
Conceptual Framework
The system approach IV-DV (Independent Variable-Dependent variable) is used in describing
in describing the conceptual framework of the study. As shown in the figure the independent variable mainly
consists of the demographic profile of the student in terms of performance they experience while the
dependent variable that of which is the Status of 4ps recipients and its Perceived effects to the academic
performance and attendance of grade 11 students. The table shows how the research survey will be
conducted accordingly.
Research Paradigm
IV DV
Performance of the Status of 4ps
Students in the recipients and its
following: Perceived effects to the
 Attendance academic performance
and attendance of
 Academic
grade 11 students
078-258-6133
QUEZON DISTRICT
Statement of the Problem
This study aims to determine the effects academic and attendance of students. Specially, it seeks to
answer the following:
1. What is the demographic profile of students in terms of:
1.1 Number of child beneficiaries; and
1.2 Monthly income of household?
2. What is the status of the 4ps beneficiaries of the following:
2.1 Academic performance; and
2.2 Attendance
3. What are the effects of being a beneficiary Pantawid Pamilya Pilipino Program (4ps) on the
following:
3.1 Academic performance; and
3.2 Attendance
4. Is there significant difference in the status of Pantawid Pamilya Pilipino Program (4ps) beneficiaries
in terms of attendance and academic performance according to demographic profile?
Significance of the Study
Some people may not be aware on the significant effects of Pantawid Pamilya Pilipino Program
(4ps) beneficiaries to the grade 11students and through this, the researchers aim to provide information to
help people understand and have a deeper knowledge about the importance of Pantawid Pamilya Pilipino
Program (4ps).
This study will broaden the society’s knowledge

078-258-6133
QUEZON DISTRICT
regarding the importance of Pantawid Pamilya Pilipino Program (4ps) to the students’ academic
performance and attendance. The group of people who will benefit from the study are the following:
The Department of Social Welfare and Development. This study will inform policy decisions, program
implementation, and evaluation to enhance the effectiveness of 4Ps and other similar programs in achieving
their objectives.
The school Administrators. This study aims to explore the status of 4Ps student beneficiaries in improving
school attendance, reducing dropout rates, and enhancing academic performance among students from
disadvantaged backgrounds.
The Teachers. The study's findings can be significant to teachers at Quezon National High School and other
schools in similar contexts. By understanding the perceived effects of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino
Program (4Ps) on Grade 11 students, teachers can gain insights into the challenges that students from low-
income households’ face in pursuing their education. They can also learn about the factors that motivate or
hinder students in complying with program requirements, such as attending school regularly or performing
well academically.
The Parents. This study will serve as an eye opener for them to know the effects of Pantawid Pamilya
Pilipino Program (4ps) recipients on the academic performance and attendance of the students at Quezon
National High School. Through this. They will know what necessary actions they will undertake to improve
their child's educational performance and see the importance of 4ps.
078-258-6133 4Ps students. The study's findings can also have

QUEZON DISTRICT
significant implications for the 4Ps beneficiaries themselves, including Grade 11 students at Quezon
National High School. By assessing the status of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) beneficiaries
and their perceived effects on Grade 11 students, the study can provide insights into the program's impact on
their education, behavior, and overall well-being.
Future Researchers. The study provides a baseline for future research on the impact of the
4Ps program on students from low-income households, insights into the challenges and
opportunities faced by these students, and a model for examining similar social
protection programs in other contexts.
Scope and Delimitation
This study will focus on the status of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) beneficiaries and
its perceived effects on Grade 11 students at Quezon National High School in the Philippines. The study will
cover the period from the 1st semester up to the present. This study will be conducted at Quezon National
High School located at Barangay Alunan, Municipality of Quezon, Province of Isabela during the second
semester of the School Year (S.Y) 2022-2023. The respondents will be the grade 11 Senior High School
students which is 106. Total enumeration will be used.
The researchers will be using the descriptive research that is applicable in gathering data. The
instrument to be used is the survey questionnaire and interview questionnaire and it will be analyzed using
descriptive statistics. This method will be used to summarize and describe the responses to each question in
the survey, such as the percentage of beneficiaries who have experienced challenges in complying with
program requirements, the most common ways that the

078-258-6133
QUEZON DISTRICT
4Ps program has helped beneficiaries and their families, and the most common suggestions for improving
the program. Descriptive statistics can also be used to compare responses between different groups of
beneficiaries, such as those who have been in the program for different lengths of time or those who receive
cash grants more or less frequently.
This study will not cover the impact of the 4Ps program on other grade levels or schools outside
Quezon National High School. The study will not include a comprehensive analysis of the program’s
implementation and policy issues related to the 4Ps program. The study will also not assess the impact of the
program on the beneficiaries' families or the community. Finally, the study may be limited by the accuracy
and completeness of the data gathered from the respondents.
Definition of Terms
To give those who might read this research a typical frame of reference, the following terms/variables are
hereby defined.
Academic Performance. the level of achievement and progress of Grade 11 students in their academic
subjects, as measured by their grades and other academic indicators, such as attendance, participation, and
completion of assignments and assessments.
Attendance. It refers to the act of being present at a specific event, meeting, or gathering.
Effects of Being a 4PS Beneficiaries. the subjective beliefs or opinions of Grade 11 students in Quezon
National High School regarding the impact of being a

078-258-6133
300568quezonnhs@gmail.com beneficiary of the 4Ps program on their academic
QUEZON DISTRICT
performance and overall well-being.
NUMBER OF CHILD BENEFICIARIES. the count of children from households of Grade 11 students at
Quezon National High School who are beneficiaries of the 4Ps program. This information will be collected
from the official records of the 4Ps program, which identify the number of children in each eligible
household who receive cash grants.
MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD INCOME. It refers to the total amount of income earned by a household that
is eligible for the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) in the Philippines, over the course of a month.
STATUS OF 4PS STUDENT BENEFICIARIES. the current enrollment and compliance status of Grade
11 students who are beneficiaries of the 4Ps program.
CHAPTER ll
078-258-6133
REVIEW OF RELATED
QUEZON DISTRICT
LITERATURE
The government initiated the so called Pantawid the Pamilyang Pilipino Program or 4Ps in which one of
the aims is to achieve universal primary education. As stated in the Explanatory Note of Sen. Miriam
Defensor Santiago on the Constitution, Article 2. Section 9, of Fifteenth Congress of the Republic of the
Philippines, first Regular Session, Senate S. No. 92. The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) is
more than a welfare program; it addresses structural inequities in society and promotes human capital
development of the poor, thus, breaking the intergenerational cycle of poverty. The conditions attached to
the grants require parents to undergo training in responsible parenthood, have their children undergo health
check- ups and ensure school attendance. The program ensures that there are sufficient resources for the
health, nutrition and education of children aged 0–14-year-old.
In addition to the note of Sen. Santiago, an initial study on the pilot areas of the program shows
promising results. In Esperanza and Sibagat, Agusan del Sur for example, two of the pilot areas of the 4Ps
elementary school enrollment has increased by fifteen percent (15%). Children covered by 4Ps have higher
attendance compared to the general population of children in school. Given the far-reaching effects of this
program in empowering the poor to cross over from their lives of poverty to a better future, there is a need to
ensure the sustainability of this Program from one administration to another. The passage of this bill is
earnestly sough.
Because of the success of the study, it was realized that the program has helped children in their studies,
thus they implement the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program last 2008. As stated again from the above
Explanatory Note of Sen. Miriam Defensor Santiago, the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) shall
refer to the national poverty reduction strategy that provides conditional cash transfer to extremely poor
households to improve their health, nutrition and education particularly of children aged 0-15.
The program has strict compliance when it comes to the school attendance of the students who are
beneficiaries because it is their busis in giving the cash

078-258-6133
300568quezonnhs@gmail.com transfer. It is therefore expected for the beneficiaries to
QUEZON DISTRICT
attend school regularly or at least 85% of the school days. There are studies that show how the 4P's program
affects the school attendance and the performance of the student.
Research was conducted by Montilla, et al. entitled Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps)
Assistance to Pupils Education in Diogenes R. Caharies Elementary School and the finding was that 4P's has
significant impact on pupils’ education based on its beneficiary conditionalities, is able and motivated to
attend classes because of adequate school supplies, satisfied meals, parasitic free stomach and supportive
and active parents.
Another study was also conducted by Brian O. dela Torre of Balamban Elementary School, and in his
paper entitled "Financing Education through the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps)", it was
revealed that 4Ps contributed greatly to the school's performance indicators. This study also raised the
awareness of the school personnel and the recipients of the program's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities
and threats. Furthermore, the study concludes that 4P's certainly helped its recipients and the school with
4Ps enrolees. It is therefore recommended that the program be continued but improved to ensure the
attainment of its objectives.
As cited by Reyes and Tabunga (2015), in the long run, the 4Ps' goal is to achieve improvements in
human capital. The 4Ps are seen to have great potential in increasing educational attainment and improving
nutrition and health outcomes based on the experience of other countries who have implemented the CCT.
One of the problems in the educational system that the 4Ps are expected to impact on is increasing dropout
rates. The CCT programs in other countries have been successful in achieving higher enrolment rates.
And this program does not only achieve higher enrolment and attendance but also produces students who
have good academic performance. A study was conducted by Agbon et al (2015) in Cebu City, and
according to one of the respondents," every year in Tejero, we have a recognition day for children who are
beneficiaries of the 4Ps. In the pust, they have not been part of the honors' list because they did not have the
resources to buy materials for their experiments and other school requirements. From just being part of the
078-258-6133 regular class, they are now in the science class. We have
QUEZON DISTRICT
recognition day to remind everyone that these children are beneficiaries of the 4Ps.
On the other side, a report about conditional cash transfer was conducted by Fiszbein 2009, that several
education programs have been shown to increase school enrollment (in some cases dramatically so) without
improvements in learning outcomes. The result of the evaluations conducted present challenges for CCTs.
The results from these evaluations present challenges for CCTs. Conditional cash transfers frequently are
targeted geographically. Because they work in especially poor areas, the quality of the supply of education
(and health) services is low. In addition, CCTs use proxy means to identify poor households. The
evaluations discussed above generally suggest that raising the achievement of these disadvantaged students
is particularly difficult even when they have been brought into school.
Given all these legal bases and study about how cash transfer or the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino
Program affects the school attendance, enrolment and educational attainment of the beneficiaries, this study
would like to know whether the program has also improved the academic performance of the student
beneficiaries.
078-258-6133
CHAPTER lll
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(Research Methodology)
This chapter concentrates on the discussion of research methodology. The research design and research
locale will be stated in this study. It will also tackle the population and sampling techniques that will be
utilized. especially the reason for choosing the respondents of the study. The process of data gathering that
will be followed to obtain the results will be discussed. The statistical treatment including the tools to be
utilized will also be revealed in this chapter.
Research Design
The researchers will be using a descriptive research design. This design aims to gather and interpret
numerical data. This design will be adapted to test and determine the status and perceived effects of
Pantawid Pamilya Pilipino Program (4ps) beneficiaries to the academic performance and attendance of
grade 11 students at Quezon National High School.
Research Locale
The study will be conducted at Quezon National High School, Alunan, Quezon, Isabela, specifically in
the Senior High School Building both Academic and TVL building.
Respondents of the Study
The researchers will be using the total enumeration of the population of the 4ps recipients among Grade
11 students, 106 students from senior high school will be used as respondents from the 106 total population
of Grade 11 who are 4ps students during the second semester using stratified sampling.
Data Gathering Instrument
The aim of this study is to determine the status of 4ps

078-258-6133
QUEZON DISTRICT
recipients and the perceived effects to the grade 11 senior high school students at Quezon National High
School. The research instrument which will be used a survey questionnaire and interview questions will be
administered to the respondents and the advisers. The data will be analyzed recorded and tabulated.
Data Gathering Procedure
Data from the respondents will be examined as numerical data in this study. First, the researchers will
create a survey questionnaire and interview questions for the study that will be reviewed and checked by the
adviser. The researchers will next ask the principal for permission to conduct the poll. The researchers will
float the questionnaires to the 106 grade 11 students.
Data Gathering Analysis
In order to analyze and interpret the data, the Frequency Count. Weighted Arithmetic Mean, and
Arithmetic Mean, for independent samples will be utilized.
The frequency count will be used to tally the number of responses depending on the weight established
by researchers using the rating scale. Researchers will utilize the mean to determine the performance of 4ps
recipients and its effect to academic and living expenses of grade 11 senior high school students at Quezon
National High School. The Formula read:
X-EX/N
Where X represents the arithmetic mean, Ex represents the sum of scores/ratings, and N indicates the
total number of cases. In Weighted Arithmetic mean, the different weights set by the researchers are
multiplied by their respective frequencies or number of responses, then the products are added and the sum
of the products then divided by the overall number of frequencies or responses. The formula was:
W= Σ fx
078-258-6133
300568quezonnhs@gmail.com Where W represents the weighted arithmetic mean, fx
QUEZON DISTRICT
represents the sum of the product of frequencies and provided weights, and indicates the total number of
frequencies or responses.
In addition, the T-test for independent samples will be used to determine whether there is a significant
difference between male or female in terms of the performance of 4ps recipients and its effect to academic
and living expenses of grade 11 senior high school students at Quezon National High School. The
significance level of the findings will be determined with the use of Microsoft Excel and a probability level
of 5 percent.
In order to determine the level of acceptance, the researchers will utilize the scale provided in the table
below.
Arbitrary Scale
Scale Description
4.20-5.00 Strongly Agree
3.40-4.19 Agree
2.60-3.39 Neutral
1.80-2.59 Disagree
1.0-1.79 Strongly Disagree
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QUEZON DISTRICT

QUEZON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

STATUS OF PANTAWID PAMILYANG PILIPINO PROGRAM

Presented to the Teachers of

Of the Subject Requirement for

The Problem and Its Background

Background of the Study

challenges faced by beneficiary households in improving their children's academic performance.

078-258-6133 4Ps has two components and that is health and

education (Reyes et.cl, 2015).

students' learning and progress.

participation, homework completion, or other forms of non-traditional assessment.

078-258-6133 The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps)

issues, and lack of interest in schooling.

can affect their academic progress and achievement.

need to be examined to determine its contribution to addressing absenteeism. Additionally, it is essential to

also evaluate the

078-258-6133 quality of attendance, such as punctuality and

regularity, to identify specific areas of improvement.

absenteeism among children from poor households.

support they need to succeed academically.

from low-income households.

078-258-6133 In conclusion, as a school community, we

The system approach IV-DV (Independent Variable-Dependent variable) is used in describing

Statement of the Problem

answer the following:

1. What is the demographic profile of students in terms of:

1.1 Number of child beneficiaries; and

1.2 Monthly income of household?

2. What is the status of the 4ps beneficiaries of the following:

2.1 Academic performance; and

3.1 Academic performance; and

in terms of attendance and academic performance according to demographic profile?

Significance of the Study

This study will broaden the society’s knowledge

their child's educational performance and see the importance of 4ps.

078-258-6133 4Ps students. The study's findings can also have

their education, behavior, and overall well-being.

protection programs in other contexts.

Scope and Delimitation

students which is 106. Total enumeration will be used.

program requirements, the most common ways that the

cash grants more or less frequently.

and completeness of the data gathered from the respondents.

completion of assignments and assessments.

National High School regarding the impact of being a

performance and overall well-being.

household who receive cash grants.

11 students who are beneficiaries of the 4Ps program.

health, nutrition and education of children aged 0–14-year-old.

beneficiaries because it is their busis in giving the cash

affects the school attendance and the performance of the student.

and active parents.

attainment of its objectives.

utilized will also be revealed in this chapter.

grade 11 students at Quezon National High School.

Respondents of the Study

Data Gathering Instrument

The aim of this study is to determine the status of 4ps

Data Gathering Procedure

float the questionnaires to the 106 grade 11 students.

Data Gathering Analysis