DC Circuit

Solution:
Mixed Circuits RT = [(59)+4+36]+8 = 11.77 
1) Find out the value of RT & I 60
IT = 11.77 =5.09 Amp
5.09  6
I4 = =1.883 Amp
6  4  3  5 || 9
1.8839
I5 = 5+9 =1.21 Amp

V5 = 1.215=6.05v (Ans.)

Solution: 5) Find out the value of E

RT = (6 || 12) +2 6  6  2+3
= 4 (Ans.)
V 100
I = R = 4 =25A (Ans.)
T

2) Find out the value of E

Soln :

Solution: RT = [{(5  6) +(8  4)} 9]+3=6.37

RT = (10+4||4+2+4||4||3||3)
IT = 9A
= 14.85 
E = 6.379 = 57.35 Volt. (Ans.)
IT = 6.4 A
5) Find the power consumption between
E = ITRT=6.414.85=95.04 volt (Ans.)
A&B. If 60v applied between A & B.
3) Find out the value of V5 3
A 4 18 2 8 B
8

6
6 5

Solution:
RAB=[{(3∥6)+18}∥5]+8
RAB=12Ω
Total Current, IAB= =5
Total power consumed,
PAB=I2AB or VABIAB
= 52×12
=300 watt
6) Find out IR & R Ckt Gi total Resistance = 
100
 total Current = = 0 Amp.

 I1 = I2 = 0 Amp. (Ans.)

[wKš‘ Voltmeter Reading n‡e 100 Volts, ‡Kbbv Dnv

100V Source Gi across ms‡hvM Kiv Av‡Q|]

Solution: 8) Find out voltmeter Reading.

ûBU‡÷vb e¨vjvÝ eªxR n‡Z cvB,

1R = 4 1.5
Soln : 1
R= 6 (Ans.)
100v
RT = (4+6)  (1+1.5)+2 = 4
10
IT = 4 = 2.5 Amp.

2.52.5
IR = 4+6+2.5 = 0.5 Amp. (Ans.)
100
I = ((60+40)||100)+50 = 1 Amp
7) Find Out I1, I2, Voltmeter & Ammeter
reading. 1100
I1 = (100+40+60) = 0.5 Amp

I2 V1 = 100  (600.5) = 70 Volts.(Ans.)

9) mvwK©‡Ui †gvU †iwR÷¨vÝ †ei Ki?
I1
4 15v

Solution: 9 3
Voltmeter Reading =100volt (Ans.)
6
Ammeter Reading = 0 Amp. (Ans.) 1
1 2

4
Solution:

15V
3 2

4 4
9 6 1 1
40
Ans : VAB =  10 = 20 Volts.
(10 + 10)

2
15V
9
6 1 4 Exercise
4 1

1|
RT = (4∥3∥1∥6∥9)+4

10) wP‡Î G cÖ`wk©Z mvwK©‡U R Gi gvb wbY©q Ki hLb Ans : R=233 

CD eªv Gi g‡a¨ w`qv cÖevwnZ Kv‡i›U ïY¨ nq| 2|
A

5Ω 20Ω V
C D
V
10Ω R Ans : I =1.25 Amp

mgvavb: B 3|
Given that,
P  5, Q  20, R  10, S  ?
P R 1A
We know, 
Q S
5 10 Ans : Vs =12 Volt , R =2 
 
20 S 4|
Resistance, S  40
11) wb‡gœi mvwK©‡U VAB ‡fv‡ëR wbY©q Ki|

Ans : IA =2 Amp, IB =  0.5 Amp.

5| 10|

Ans : I = 28.45 Amp.

Ans : RAB = 22.5 .
6|
11|

Ans : I = 3.6 Amp. 25

Ans : I1 =2 A, I2 =4A, I3 =6 A, RT = 
6
7|
12|

Ans : I = 15 Amp.

Ans : E =67.3 V, IA = 0.7 Amp.

8|
13|

Ans : R1 =2 , R3 = 6 .
9|
Ans : E = 191 Volts.
14|

110v

Ans : IL / Is = 1/4
Ans : R = 302.5 .
15| 20|

22

Ans : V1=21 VoltsV2 =15 Volts.

Ans : I = 2 Amp, Vo = 1.25 Volts.
21|
16|

Ans : V1 = 20 Volts, I1 =5A, I2 = -5 Amp. Ans : E = 4 Volts.

22| Calculate Voltmeter Reading
17|

Ans : Vo = 7 Volts.
18|
I

Ans : Meter Reading =112.5 Volts.

I1
23|

100

Ans : I=2 Amp, I1 =0.5 Amp.

19|

Ans : Ground Gi mv‡c‡¶|

V1 = 8 Volts & V2 =  4 Volts.

Ans : I=2 Amp, E=100 Volt.

24| wb‡gœi mvwK©‡U †fvëwgUv‡ii cvV evwni Ki| I2  2I2 + 2I3  2(I1+I2) + 2 = 0
I2  2I2 + 2I3 2I1 2I2 = 2
2I1  5I2 + 2I3 = 2 ......(iii)
From (i), (ii) & (iii) We get.
I1 = 17k, I2 = 30k, I3 = 1k

Ans: 8 V Putting these value in equation (iii)

we get, 2(17k) 5(30k) + 2k = 2
 34k  150k  2k = 2
25) mvwK©‡U cÖevwnZ Kv‡i›U †ei Ki|  182k = 2
1
 k = 91
17 30 1
 I1 = 91 , I2 = 91 , I3 = 91

Ans: 6 Amp, 2 Amp VDB = 2I1 +3(I1+I3)

17 17 1
= (2  91) + 3(91 + )
Kirchhoff’s Laws 34 54
91
= 91 +91
1| VBD=? A
88
2
= 91 Volts.
1 I3
4 I2  I3 88
I2
 VBD = 91 V (Ans.)
D (i) G (ii) B
I1
2
2| Find out x, y & z.
3
x+y 100 Ax 100 B
C
I1+I3 E y x-z z
I1+I2
2V r=2 500
100v 300
500
Solution: C
x+y D y+z
From loop (i) 100

I2  4I3 + 2I1 = 0........(i) Solution:

From loop (ii)
2(I2I3) + 3(I1+I3) + 4I3=0 From loop ABCA :
2I2 + 2I3 + 3I1 + 3I3 + 4I3 = 0 100x 300z+500y = 0
 3I12I2 + 9I3 = 0................(ii) 100x500y+300z = 0
From loop (iii) x 5y+3z = 0.......(i)
From loop BCDB :
300z100y 100z+500(xz) = 0 4| Find IN
400z100y + 500x500z = 0 2

I1 I2
9z + y5x = 0
4 6
5xy9z = 0...............(ii) 12V

From loop ABDEA : IN

100x 100y 100x 500x + 500z + 100 =0 1 2

700x + 100y  500z = 100 I3 I4

7x + y  5z = 1................(iii) 64 1 2
Solution : RT = 2+( 10 ) +
From (i), (ii) & (iii) we get 1 2
= 2+2.4+0.67
x = 0.2 Amp
y = 0.1 Amp (Ans.) = 5.07
z = 0.1 Amp 12
I = 5.07 = 2.37 Amp.
3| Find out I1 & I2 62.37
I1 =
12V 2 10 =1.422 Amp.
I1
2.372
I3 = 3 =1.58 Amp.
i
8V 1 Applying KCL in point C :
I2
ii I1 + In = I 3
In = I3  I1
10 I1+I2 = 1.58  1.422
Solution : = 0.158 Amp (Ans.)
From loop (i) 5| What is the Voltage Vs Across the
2I1 I2  12 + 8 = 0 open switch in the Circuit
2I1 I2  4 = 0 50V 30V
D A
From loop (ii)
I2 8 + 10I1 + 10I2 = 0 20V -
VS
10I1 + 11I2 8 = 0............(ii) +
10V
2I1 I2 4 = 0..............(i) C B

From (i) & (ii) we get,

I1 = 1.625 Amp (Ans.) Solution:
I2 = 0.75 Amp (Ans.) Vs+10 20 50 +30 = 0

Vs = 30V (Ans.)

6| Find the value of V1

 A
B C
10A
V1 R1
+
40V
3
- R1 2A

4A
F D
E
2
Solution:
(163) (42)+40 V1 = 0

V1 = 16V (Ans.) 2

2
7| Find the Value of V1 & Power
Dissipated by 5 Resistor. 6A
10 10V
5

V1 1 3
6 3

24V 4
A 12 G
-30V
Solution:
4 From loop (a)
10z + xy62y = 0
Solution: x3y +10z =6...................(i)
cÖ_‡g Ckt wU‡K Simplify K‡i cvB| From loop (b)
5
x + y + 6 3x + 3y + 3z + 18 4x + 24 = 0
V1
  8x + 4y + 3z + 48 = 0
2
 8x 4y 3z =48............(ii)

A 12
3 G
From loop (c)
-30V
2y  2z  12  10 + 3(xyz6) 10z = 0
Current from G to A 2y  2z  22+ 3x  3y 3z  18  10z =0
30
= 3 =10 Amp.  3x  5y  15z  40 = 0
 3x  5y  15z = 40.........(iii)
V1=510+210+310 =100Volts.(Ans.)
5 Gi Power =1025=500 Watts. (Ans.)
From (i),(ii) & (iii) We get,
8| (ii) Find out I x = 4.1A, y = 3.21, z = 0.77
I = x = 4.1 Amp (Ans.)
9| Find the Value of V,I1,I2,I3. Solution:
I1 b c
a
+
2 6 30A 4
V
8A -
I2
I3
wPÎ n‡Z, I1=2A
d e
f 30
I2= 3+5+2 =3Av
Solution:
wP‡Î a,b,c GKB we›`y wb‡`©k K‡i, wKš‘ R Gi g‡a¨ w`‡q †Kvb Kv‡i›U cÖevwnZ n‡e bv
abcda loop G KVL K‡i cvB,
Applying KCL at Point a
(52)  (22)6 + (53)Vad = 0
I1+I2+30 =I3+8 Vad = 5 Volts. (Ans.)
I1+I2  I3 = 22.................(i) abcdea loop G KVL K‡i cvB,
(52)  (22)  6+(53) + (23) + Vea= 0
From Ckt,
V V V Vea = 1 Volts. (Ans.)
I1 = 2 , I2 = 6 , I3 = 4
V V V Note : R Gi gvb hvnv †nvK bv †Kb Ckt Gi ˆewk‡ó¨i †Kvb
(i) bs n‡Z, 2  6  4 = 22 cwieZ©b n‡e bv|
V = 24 Volts.
24
I1 = 2 = 12 Amp.
24
I2 = 6 =  4 Amp. (Ans.)
Exercise
24 1| Find VCE,VAG
I3= 4 =6 Amp 6 8
A B E F

10| Find the Value of Voltage Vea & Vad when 10V
(i) R =10 (ii) R=20 5 5
20V 40V
a 5 3
C
- +
C H G
2A - + +
D 9 7
+
2 R 5 30V Ans : VCE = 5 Volts, VAG =30 Volts
+ 6V
- -
3 _
2
b d + - e
2| Find the value of X 5| Find the Value of I2  I4
1 1
5V 5V
I1=6A I2 I4
1

x
1 1

I3=9A
2A

1 10V
Ans : I2 = 4 Amp, I4 = 5 Amp.
Ans : x = 0 Amp.
6| Find the Value of I1, I2, I3, I4
3| Find the value of V1 ,V2 ,V3 5A
12A
_ b  15V I3
a + 30V c 6A
+ _
10A I1 I2 I4
+ + + 7A 1A
10V V1 V2 8A
_ _ _
Ans : I1 = 2A; I2 = 2A; I3 =4A;
+ V3 _ I4 =10A.
e
d
7| Find the Value of E  I
+ 20V _
+ 5V _
10
Ans : V1 = 15 Volts; V2 = 0 Volts. I
V3 = 5 Volts. 30V
E 60V
4| Find the value of i when.
(i) V1= 2 Volts (iii) V1= 6 Volts. 15
(ii) V1= 4 Volts.
3 Ans : E = 80 Volts; I = 4 Amp.
i 8| Find the Value of I1, I2, I3
+
2A

V1
2
_

Ans : (i) i = 1 Amp; (ii) i = 0 Amp;

(iii) i =  1 Amp;
Ans : I1 = 1.625 Amp.
I2 = 0.75 Amp.
I3 = 0.875 Amp.
9| Find BD branch Current Solution:
B when 120A source Active
100 10

C 120A

150
A 20

50
50 4
I1
D
12050
10V  I1 = 50+150 = 30A
Ans : BD branch Current = 0.00513A.
When- 40A source Active
10| Find the Value of Vab
5 4
b

40A
120A

150
50
6 10
10
30V I2
5V 4 20V
15 40150
 I2 =
a 200 = 30A
Ans : Vab = 30 Volts. When- 10V source Active
- +
10V
11| Find the Value of Rab
4

150
50

a b
12 12

I3
12 12

10
 I3 = 50+150 = 0.05A
12 12
 I = I1+I2 + I3
= 30 + 30 + 0.05 = 0.05 Amp (Ans.)
Ans : Rab = 2 8
2| ckt n‡Z I Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|

20

Superposition theorem 5 5
1| I Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|
50V 40 10V
- +
10V I
:
40A

120A
150
50

Solution: When 50V source Active

I
 20
When 4A source Active 4A

5 5 3
50V 40 2

I1 1

50 5 10 I
I1 = (5+40 || 5)  40+5 = 17 Amp
43
 I" = 3+2+1 = 2A
When- 10V source Active

20 When 6V source Active

I
5 5 +
3
40 10V
2
I2 1 V0
_
6V
10 5 2 +
_
I2 = (5+5||40)  40+5 = 17 Amp
6
10 2 12  I'" = 1+2+3 = 1A
 I = I1 + I2 = 17 + 17 = 17 Amp (Ans.)
 I = I' + I" + I'" = 1+2+1 = 4A
3| Find the voltage Vo
4A  Vo = (24)6 = 2 Volt (Ans.)
4| Find the value of I
+
3
6A 2
1 _ V0 20 6
6V 5
+
_
100
20V I 30V

Solution:
When 6A source Active Solution:
4A When 20v source Active

3
6A 2 20 6
5
1
I
100
20V I

61
 I' = 1+3+2 = 1A 20 6
 I' = 20+5||6  5+6 = 0.48 Amp
When 30V source Active
3

I3
20 6
6
5

100 15A
20V I 30V
1 2

30 20
 I" = 6+20||5  20+5 = 2.4 Amp 152 6
I"3 = 2 + 1+(6||3)  3+6 = 4 Amp
 I = I' + I" = 0.48 + 2.4 =2.88Amp (Ans.)
5| Find the drop across 3 resistor When 15A Source Active
6 6

15A

1 2 1 2
+
15A
3
3
20V 15A
_
I3

Solution: 151 6
When 20 V source Active I'"3 = {1+2+3||6}  (3+6) = 2 Amp
6
 I3 = I'3 + I"3  I'"3 =4 +42 = 6 Amp
15A
 3  Gi drop = 6  3 = 18 Volt (Ans.)
1 2
+
3 6| mycvicwRkb m~‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ Kv‡i›U I evwni Ki|
20V
_ I3

20
I3 = 6||(1+2) + 3 = 4 Amp

When 15A source Active

6

15A mgvavb:
1 2 hLb 12v battery Active
3

I3
 12 (8 + 4) 48
I = 3 + (8 + 4) || 5  (8 + 4 + 5) = 37 Amp
Ans. 1.85 Watt
hLb 5A current Source Active
4| 9  Gi power †ei Ki?
6

4
12 4A
+ 9
32V
_

54 3 20
I = 4 + {8 +(5 ||3)}  5 + 3 = 37 Amp Ans. 100 Watt
5| Find the value of I & Vo
48 20 68 I
I = I + I = 37 + 37 = 37 +
10
= 1.84 Amp (Ans.) + 5A
10V V0
Exercise
-
1| Find I1, I2, I3 _

I1 I2

2.5 2
Ans : I = 5 Amp, Vo = 60 Volt

6V 12V
0. 5
6
1 6| Find the value of Vo
6A
I3

Ans. I1 = 0.4 Amp; I2 = 1.6 Amp; 2

I3 = 1.2 Amp +
2A 3
2| Find I 0.05
V0 5
2.05V - 60V
0.04

2.15V

Ans. Vo = 19 Volt
1
I 7| Find the value of Vo
2 8

Ans. I = 2.056 Amp

3| 10  resistor Gi power †ei Ki?
5A

+
5 V0 4 2
10V _

1 4A
10 15

2V
Ans. Vo = 7.06 Volt
12| Find the value I1 , I2 , I3
8| Find the value of I I1 I2
2 1
12 3
24V 18V
3 6
20V
I 3
1 I3
20V
2
10 16
Ans. I1 = 6/7A , I2 = A, I3 = A
Ans. I = 1.33 Amp 7 7
13| Find the value of I
9| Find the value I1 & I2
48
1 2.8 6 8

1.5 48 4
8 5 12
20V 0.2 28V
2 0.5
10V 14V
I1 5
I I
1

Ans. I = 0.875 Amp

Ans. I1 =  2.1433Amp, I =  1.4287 Amp
14| Find the value Iab
10| Find the value I a 2 b
24A

6A

6V 4 6
4V
10
2 3

Ans. Iab = 5 Amp

Ans. I = 0.465 Amp
15| Find the value Iab
11| Find the value I 10 a 5 b
3 1.5 3

12A
4.5V 10 5
3 3 30V
9V
I

Ans. I = 1 Amp Ans. Iab = 3 Amp

16| Find the value Iab 20|
a 20V b
60A

20A
50 150

Ans : VAB = 20 Volts

Ans.. Iab = 100 mA

17| Find the value I

30
Thevenin Theorem
1| RL Gi drop Ges Power †ei Ki?
6
30V 10 A
15
1

60V I 6V
18V
RL = 7
3
Ans. I = 2.33 Amp
B
18| Find the value I
25 Solution: 6
A +
15 + -
1

50V 6V
18V
10
25V i + Vth
3
-
I
B -

Ans. I = 1 Amp
186i3i6 = 0
9i = 12
12 4
19| Find the value I1 , I2 , I3 i = 9 = 3 Amp
I1 I3 4
Vth  6 (33) = 0
 Vth = 10 Volt
130V 2 6
4 A
1
2 120V

I2
Rth
3
Ans. I1 = 15A ; I2 = 10A ; I3 = 25 A B

Rth = 1 + (6 || 3) = 1 + 2 = 3
 3 4.5
A (ii) IL = 1.25+2 = 1.38 Amp (Ans.)
+
10 V 7 3| 4 Resistor Gi current †ei Ki? hLb-
(i) E = 2 Volt (ii) E = 12 Volt
-
B 15 18

10
 IL = IAB = 3 + 7 = 1 Amp 4 E
B
A
 PL = 1  7 = 7 Watt (Ans.)
2 36V

30
9
2| Load Gi current †ei Ki?
(i) RL = 1  (ii) RL = 2 
Solution:
A
2
15 18
2 2
4 RL
A + Vth - B
8V 4V 36V
B
30
9

Solution:
A + 3615 3618
2 Vth+ 15+30  18+9 = 0
2
2
4 I2 Vth Vth =12 Volt
I1
8V Rth = (15 || 30) + (18 || 9)
4V
B = 10 + 6 = 16  16
A

loop- 1 : 2I1 + 4(I1  I2)  8 = 0 + 4
3I1 2I2 = 4 . ..............(i) 12V

loop- 2 : 2I2 + 2I2 + 4 + 4 (I2I1) = 0 - E

2I2  I1 = 1 .............. (ii)
2I2 = I1  1 ................(iii) B
(i) When, E = 2 Volt
(i) & (iii) 3I1 I1+1 = 4
2I1 = 3 122
 IL = 16+4 = 0.5 Amp (Ans.)
 I1 = 1.5A
 I2 = 0.25 Amp
(ii) When, E = 12 Volt
Vth  20.254 = 0
1212
Vth = 4.5 Volt I1 = 16+4 = 0 Amp (Ans.)
Rth = 2 || (2 + 4 || 2) =1.25
4.5
(i) IL = 1.25+1 = 2 Amp (Ans.)
4| Calculate the value of Vth & Rth. 5| Find IAB
+24V
A 4 12V
- +
3 A
4

2A
6
4 2 6
B
2
B
Solution:
A + Solution:
I1
3
+24V
6 Vth 4 12V
I2 4 - + A+
B _ 4


2A
2
2 Vth
 3I1 246 (I1I2) = 0 +
 9I1 + 6I2 = 24 .......... (i) B -
 4I2 2I2 6 (12I1) = 0  Vth 12 + (22) = 0
 Vth = 8 Volt
 12I2 + 6I1 = 0
I1 = 2I2 ...........(ii) 4
(i) & (ii)  A
4
 18I2 + 6I2 = 24
2 Rth
 I2 = 2 A
B
A Rth = 2 
8
3
6  IAB = 2+6 = 1 Amp (Ans.)
Rth
2
4 A
B
2 +

Vth 24 + (4  2) = 0 8V 6

Vth = 16 Volt (Ans.) -

Rth = 4 || {2 + (6 || 3)} = 2  (Ans.) B
6| ‡_‡fwbb w_I‡i‡gi mvnv‡h¨ 30 Gi ga¨ w`qv Solution:
cÖevwnZ Kv‡i›U ‡ei Ki? 8Ω 6Ω
Solution: 24V

15 4Ω VTH
18 15 18 4Ω 2A
4 36V
36V 4
I
+
30 9 VTH 24V Gi R‡b¨ 4Ω G cÖevwnZ Kv‡i›U
9
 24
I4   1.5amp
8 4 4
I= {( 8Ω 6Ω
)∥ }
= 1.973A
I4=
4Ω RTH
= 0.96A 4Ω
I9=1.973A
Now,
2A source Gi R‡b¨ 4Ω G cÖevwnZ Kv‡i›U
 2  8  4
Vth-9×1.973-4×0.96=0
∴ Vth=21.60v I4   1.5amp
84 4
4Ω Gi Kv‡i›U I 4  I 4  I 4  = 1.5 + 1.5 = 3A
9Ω
4 1
48 RTH 15 18 9 1Ω
12V
4
RTH 9
12
1Ω G cÖevwnZ Kv‡i›U I =  1.2 amp
9 1
RTH ={(18∥9)+4}∥15= 6
Exercise
IL= = = 0.6A
1| Find the value of Vth  Rth
7| wb‡¤œi fig.1 G †_‡fwbbm w_I‡ig cÖ‡qvM K‡i 1 A
+
ohm †iwR÷‡ii g‡a¨ w`‡q cÖevwnZ Kv‡i›U †ei Ki|
15V
4
8Ω 6Ω _ +
8 10V
24V _
B

4Ω 1Ω 35
4Ω 2A Ans. Vth =
3
Volts ; Rth = 8/3

Fig-1
2| Find the value of I Ans. IG = 5 mA
10 4
A 7| Determine Vth & Rth at A & B
I
+ +
A

15V 5 6V
6
- -
B B
+48V
Ans. I = 0.136 Amp 4
8
12

3| Find the value of I C

3
A
Ans. Vth = 32 Volts ; Rth = 4
24V I

1
12 15 8| Determine RL & PLmax for maxm power
transfer theorem. 3A
B

Ans. I = 1 Amp 3

4
4| Find the value of I
3 A 4 B 24V
6 RL
I
10A
6 2
12V
Ans. RL = 6 ; PLmax = 0.67 Watt

9| Determine Vth & Rth at point A & B.

Ans. I = 1.5 Amp 6A

A
3 4
5| Find the value of I
8 12V 18V
6 Vth
5
10
2 2
B
20V I

Ans. Vth = 12 Volts ; Rth = 8 

Ans. I = 0.32 Amp 10| Determine Vth & Rth at terminals
6| Find the value of IG A & B.
A

50 100
12 6
G20 12 + +
10V
48V 8A
4 10 _ _

B
Ans. Vth = 24 Volts; Rth = 6 . 15| Find the value of VAB
A

11| Find the value of PL

20 16 6 6 3
A
3

4.5V

RL=8
6V 6V
40 10 B
120V

Ans. VAB = 1.5 Volts

20 16
B

Ans. PL = 2 Watt 16| Find the value of I

12| Find the value of IAB A
9V 5
A
8 6 5 10 10 10
24V I
4 3 5
4 2A
Ans. I = 0.2 Amp
B
17| Find the value of Vth  Rth
Ans. IAB = 1 Amp 4
A
13| Find the value of I
10A

A
3 6

4 I 1
100V
+ +
+  B
24V 10V
4
_ 2A _
Ans. Vth = 120 v ; Rth = 6 
B

18| Find the value of Vth  Rth

Ans. I = 3 Amp

14| Find the value of I + 10

24V 15
A
-
20 10
6
B
5
Ans. Vth = 12 v ; Rth = 20 
20V

100
30V

Ans. I = 2.88 Amp

19| Find the value of Vth  Rth 23| Find value of RL & PLmax for maxm
24V
power transfer theorem.
+ _
10 20 15
A

5 15
60
30 + 50V RL
36V
_ 2
10
B

Ans. Vth = 12 Volts ; Rth = 30  30

Ans. RL = 55.45 , PLmax = 0.63 Watts
20| Find the value of Ig
A

60 100 24| Find the value of Vth  Rth

15 4A
D G B
10V 15
5 10 + A
6
C 20V
Ans. Ig = 4.88 mA 10 Vth

21| Find the value of IAB 4 _ B

4 3
A
Ans. Vth = 16 Volts ; Rth = 16 
25| Find the value of IL
10V 2 5
1 2 A
IL
4 10V
4 5
B
Ans. IAB = 1.84 Amp
B
22| Find the value of IAB
2 1 3 Ans. IL = 0.588 Amp

A 26| Find the value of Vth  Rth

4V
12 2 2 1
2V A+
B

12V
Ans. IAB = 0.82 Amp 6 6 Vth

1 1
B-
Ans. Vth = 4.8 Volts ; Rth = 2.4  Ans. PLmax = 178 mw

27| Find the value of Vth  Rth 31| Find the value of PLmax
10
4 6
A+

6A
2 120V
6V RL
Vth 5

12V
B -

Ans. PLmax = 270 Watt

Ans. Vth = 6 Volts ; Rth = 6 
28| Find the value of Vth  Rth 32| Find the value of PLmax
6
3 1 RL 4
I

3 4.5v 3 4 3 2
1 2
2

6 20V 16V 12V 10V 8V

Ans. I = 0.25 Amp

Maximum power Transferred theorem Ans. PLmax = 2.52 Watts

29| Find PLmax Ges Source Gi maxm power 33| †_‡fwbb w_I‡i‡gi mvnv‡h¨ 10𝛀 ‡iv‡ai Kv‡i›U
transferred wbY©q Ki?
3 2 20 5

15V 30 10
3 RL 50v
30v
1 Ans: 0A
34| ‡_‡fwbb w_I‡i‡gi mvnv‡h¨ myB‡Pi ga¨ w`‡q cÖevwnZ
Ans. PLmax = 3.125 Watts Kv‡i›U I Gi gvb wbY©q Ki, hLb myBP Ab _v‡K| I Gi
Source Gi maxm power = 6.25 watts w`KUvI D‡jøL Ki?
8 4
30| Find the value of PLmax
12 32v
2 5 16
1A

10
10 3 RL
I s 6
5V
Ans: 3.28 Amp
35| †_‡fwbb w_I‡ig e¨envi K‡i wb‡¤œv³ mvwK©‡Ui 1Ω 1 5
 IL = 5+5 = 0.5 Amp from A to B (Ans.)
†iwR÷¨v‡Ýi g‡a¨ w`‡q cÖevwnZ Kv‡i›U †ei Ki|
2| Find VAB = ?
50

5 50V 20
40 10

100 B
Ans: 0.818 Amp V

Norton's Theorem Solution:

When 50 v Active
50
1| 5 Gi current †ei Ki?
4 8
A
A
50V 20
40 10 IN

4 10 5
100V B
20V

B 50
I'sc = 50 = 1 Amp, from A to B
When, 100 v Active
Solution: 100
I"sc = 20 = 5 Amp, from B to A
4 8
A
I IN = I"sc  I'sc = 51 = 4 Amp, from B to A
SHORT

100
4 10 RN = (50 || 20 || 10) = 17 
20V IN

A
B
4A

20 20 100/17
I = 4+(4||8) = 20/3 = 3 Amp

4
 IN = 3 (4+8) = 1 Amp B
Fig : Nortorn Equivalent ckt
RN = 10||{8+(4||4)}=10|| (8+2) =10||10 =5  100
 VAB = (4 17 ) =  23.53 Volt (Ans.)
A
1A

5 5

B
3| Find IL 4 6
A

8 IL Solution:
B
RL
30V 15
30V 20V 10V
4A 25
B 20 10 5

Solution: 4 6 I
A A

8 B

IN
30V 30V 20V 10V

4A IN
20 10 5
B

When 30v Active, A

30 30 20 10
I'n = 4+6 = 3 Amp, from A to B IN = 20 + 10 + 5
= 5.5 Amp, from B to A
When 4A Active, RN = 20 || 10 || 5 = 2.86
44
I"N = 4+6 = 1.6 Amp, from B to A B
5.5A

 IN = I'N  I"N= 3 1.6 = 1.4 Amp, 2.86 25

from A to B. I

RN = 4+6 = 10 A
5.52.86
A I = 25+2.86 = 0.56 Amp (Ans.)
1.4A

10 15
5| wb‡gœi Ckt Gi Norton resistance Gi gvb 10
 n‡j Load current Gi gvb †ei Ki?

A
B

1.4 10 30
RL=10

R 20
 IL = 10+15 = 0.56 Amp, from A to B
(Ans.) 6V 6V 6V
4| Find I B
Fi
Solution:
10V
5 A

I 25
A B 30 R 20
20
30V 20V IN
10
6V 6V 6V
B
Rn = 30 || R || 20 = 10
1 1 1 1 IL= = 0.74A
 (30 + R + 20) = 10
 R = 60  7| bU©b w_I‡ig e¨envi K‡i Galvanometer Gi
6 6 6 3 Kv‡i›U †ei Ki?
 IN = 30 + 60 + 20 = 5 Amp, from A to B

A 20 20
10 10
3/5A
G
IN
10 10 50

30 5 30 5
B
3/510
 IL = = 0.3 Amp (Ans.)
10+10 8V 8V
6| bU©bm w_I‡ig e¨envi K‡i 3 Gi ga¨ w`qv cÖevwnZ mgvavbt
Kv‡i‡›Ui gvb wbY©q Ki? RT = (20∥30)+(10∥5)
5 2 5 =
I= =
3A 3
aaa 10 IN = I20-I10
A
0 = =
5 2 RN = (20∥10)+(30∥5) =
Galvanometer current,
3A IN IG =
10
0 =

= 0.025A
I1= =2 8| For maximum power transfer.
IN= =2 Find RL & PLmax & Pmax
5 2 A
3
3A

R
6 RL
10 N 6V
0
B

RN =15∥2 = Ω
Solution: Ans. IL = 4 Amp
A
3 4| Find V0 1 4

3A
6 IN

15A
6V + +

1 V0 4 10V
B
_
6 -
IL
IN = 3 + 3 = 5 Amp, from A to B
RN = 6 || 3 = 2
Ans. Vo = 10 Volts
For maxm power transfer 5| Find the value of IL
4 2
A
RN = Rth = RL = 2 (Ans.) 4V
Vth = RN  IN = 2 = 10 Volts. 3V 4 RL
6
Vth 102
PLmax =  PLmax = = 12.5 Watts Pmax 5V
4 Rth 42
B
=2 PLmax= 2 x 12.5 =25 Watts (Ans.) Ans. IL = 0.5 A, from B to A
6| Find the value of IL
2 3
A
Exercise
4
1| Find Rn, IN 6V 24V
1
10 15 12
A
12V 6
100V
10 B
Ans. IAB = 2.8 Amp
B
7| Find the value of RL , IN
2 3
Ans. Rn = 20 ; IN = 2.5 A; from A to B
A
2| Find IL

40 60 +
6V 2A
12 _
120V 180V
IL B

Ans. RN = 5 ; IN = 2A, from A to B

Ans. IL = 4 Amp
8| Find the value of RN , IN
3| Find IL A
4 10 3
3 6
12A

+ -
30V 15V
8 6 2
_ +
IL B
Ans. RN = 5 ,IN = 3Amp, From A to B Maxwell's Loop Or Loop
9| Find the value of RN , IN Analysis
4A
1| Find the Value of I1, I2, I3
15
A
6

20V
10

4
B

Ans. IN = 2 Amp, From A to B

RN = 16 Solution: From loop ABHGA,
10| Find the value of IAB
6
60I130 (I1I3) 50 (I1I2) 20 + 100 = 0
140I1 50I2 30I3 = 80............(i)
15V

4 From loop HBCDH

20 50 (I2I1) 40 (I2I3) 10I2 + 50 = 0
10V

3.6 or 50I1 +100I2  40I3 = 70 ...........(ii)

A B
From loop AECBA
Ans. IAB = 2 Amp
20I3 40(I3I2)30(I3I1) = 0
11| Find the value of Rn , IN 30I1  40I2 + 90I3 = 0.............(iii)
4 4
A Solving for equation (i), (ii) & (iii)


6V 18V
I1 = 1.65 A
3 6 I2 = 2.12 A (Ans.)
2 6 I3 = 1.5 A

B
2| Find the Value of I1, I2, I3
14
Ans. IN = 1.714 Amp, From A to B Rn =  I1 2 I2 2
9 I1 –I2

12| biUb&m m~‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ Iab evwni Ki| I1 I2

12 
12V 10V

1 3
I3
24V 4

Ans: Iab = 0.833 A I3

Solution: I3 = 0.78 Amp (Ans.)
4| Find the Value of I1, I2, I3
From loop (i)
2I1 + 12(I1I2)+ I1I3 12 = 0
10 1 I2
 15 I112 I2I3 = 12 (i) 10
2
I1
From loop (ii) 10V
2 I3 1
2I2 + 10+3 (I2I3) +12 (I2I1) = 0
 12I1+17I23I3 = 10 10 Solution:
12I117I2+3I3 = 10 (ii) From loop (i)
10I1 + I1  I2 + 2I1  2I3 = 10
From loop (iii) 13I1  I2  2I3 = 10 (i)
I3  I1 + 3 (I3I2) + 4I324 = 0 From loop (ii)
 I3I1 + 3I3  3I2 + 4I3 = 24 2I2+10 (I2I3)+I2 I1= 0
 I1  3I2 + 8I3 = 24 13I2I110I3 = 0
I1 + 3I2  8I3 = 24 (iii)  I1 + 13I2 10I3 = 0 (ii)
Solving (i), (ii) & (iii) From loop (iii)
I1 = 2.72 Amp ;I2 = 2.06 Amp ; 10I3  10I2 + I3 + 2I3  2I1 = 0
I3 = 4.1 Amp (Ans.) 2I1  10I2 + 13I3 = 0
3| Find the Value of I1, I2, I3 Solving (i), (ii) & (iii) weget.
I1 = 0.87 A; I2 = 0.416 A; I3 = 0.454 A
1 (Ans.)
3 I3
2
Exercise
1
I1
5V 1| Find the ammeter current in fig. by using
2 I2 4 loop analysis.
2V

2
4V 10
Solution:
A
From loop (i)
I1 + 3 (I1I3) + 2(I1I2) 5 = 0 10
Ans. 1/7 Amp
 I1 + 3I13I3 + 2I1 2I25 = 0
 6I1  2I2 3I3 = 5 (i) 2. Find the loop current I1, I2, I3 by using
From loop (iii) loop current method.
10
2I3 + 13  I2 + 3I3  3I1 = 0
3I1  I2 + 6I3 = 0 (ii) I2
From loop (ii)
I2  I3 + 4I2 + 2I2  2I1 = 0 10 10 10

2I1 + 7I2  I3 = 0 (iii)

10
100V I1 I2 50V
Solving (i), (ii) & (iii) we get
I1 = 1.39 Amp; I2 = 0.51 Amp;
 R1R2
Ans. I1 = 3.75 A R11 = R +R +R
1 2 3
I3 = 1.25 Amp R1R3
I2 = 0 A R12 = R +R +R
1 2 3

3. Using loop current method find out R2R3

R13 = R +R +R
Vo =? 1 2 3
10A
6
óvi n‡Z †Wëv‡Z iƒcvšÍi Kivi c×wZ t
2 4
1
+ 3 5 V0 R1
10V R1 R2
_

150
Ans. Vo = Volt. R3 R2
7
4. Find out Vo by using loop currnt R3 DELTA
STAR
method.
2 R1R3+R1R2+R2R3
+ R1 = R2
2
R1R3+R1R2+R2R3
6A

3A

R2 = R3
1 1 V0 R1R3 + R1R2+R2R3
R3 = R1
_
1| Find the Value of I
Ans. Vo = 4 Volts. 40 20

Star Delta Conversion 10

10 30
‡Wëv †_‡K ÷v‡i iƒcvšÍi Kivi c×wZ t I
5
30V

Solution: 6.66 6.66 20

I
R11
1.66

R1
R2
30

R12
R13
5
30V
R3 DELTA
STAR

RT = (26.66| | 31.66) + 6.66 + 5

= 26.132
 V 30
I = R = 26.132 = 1.147 Amp (Ans.)
T
Exercise
3| Galvanometer current †ei Ki? 1| RAB = ? 4
A
B
4 8
20 10

A G 50 C
8
6
4
B
30
5
87
D Ans : RAB = 
9
8V
2| RAB = ? 10
Solution: B

10  10  A 10 10 10 B
I1
6 10
A C
I2 Ans : RAB = 10 
3| I = ?
15  5
180V
D
8 4 30 17
8V 

34
8 12
12
30
13
I = 6 + (10 + 10) | | (15 + 5)
8 10 I
= 16 = 0.5 Amp.
0.5  20 Ans : I = 4 Amp.
 I1 = I2 = 20 + 20 = 0.25 Amp.
 VBD = (15  0.25)  (10  0.25) = 1.25 Volt.
4. RAB = ? , RBC = ?, RAC = ?
A
1.25
 Galvanometer current = 50
=0.025 A (Ans.) 9 6 1.5

4 3
B C
1

18 441 621
Ans: RAB = , RBC = ,R = 
11 550 AC 550
5| RAB = ? 10| eZ©bx `yBwU‡Z †ivaK R Gi gvb evwni Ki|
5 2
A
4
4 2
2 4

B 4

Ans. RAB = 6.245

Ans: R = 30 
6| I= ?

4 41 15 Nodal Analysis

2 6 15 4
6 17 11 1| Find I1&I2 by using nodal Analysis :

I 115V

10
Ans : I = Amp.
3

7| Find RT  I
15
Solution:
node-1 :
15 15
1 V2
15 15 V1 (1)  1  1= 0
V1  V2 1= 0 ...................(i)
15 15
node-2 :
1 1 1 V1 V3
I 16v V2 (1 + 2 + 2)  1  2 = 0
 V1 + 2V2  0.5V3 = 0.......(ii)
Ans : RT = 16, I = 1 Amp. node- 3 :
9| Find RAB 1 1 V2
V3 (2 + 1)  2  2 =0
4
 0.5V2 + 1.5V3 = 2 ...........(iii)
A 2 3
2
(i), (ii) & (iii) mgvavb K‡i cvB-
3
B V1 = 3 Volt, V2 = 2 Volt, V3 = 2 Volt
V3V2 22
0.5  I1 = = = 0 Amp (Ans.)
12 2 2
0 V3 0  2
Ans : RAB = 4  I2 =  = 2 Amp (Ans.)
1 1
2| wb‡gœi Ckt Gi mKj brance Gi Kv‡i›U †ei Ki|
conductance Gi gvb siemens G (s).
 From node- 1
1 1 1 VB 24
VA ( + + )   2=0
12 4 6 6 12
1
0.5VA  6 VB = 4 .............(i)
From node- 2 :
1 1 VA
VB (6 + 3 )  6 = 0
9 VA
 18 VB = 6
Solution:  VA = 3 VB ..........(ii)
node- 1: From equation (i)  (ii)
V1 (1 + 2)  (V2  1)  (V3  2) + 2 = 0 1
0.5  3VB  6 VB = 4
3V1  V2  2V3 =  2 ........... (i)
 VB = 3 Volt (Ans.)
node- 2 :  VA = 9 Volt (Ans.)
V2 (1 + 4)  V1  1  5 = 0 0  VB 03
 I= = =  1 Amp (Ans.)
V1 + 5V2 = 5 .................. (ii) 3 3

node- 3 : 4| Find V=? (Nodal Analysis)

V3 (2 + 3)  (V1  2) + 5 = 0 I 6 V1 6
2V1 + 5V3 = 5 ............... (iii)
4
V 4V

(i), (ii) & (iii) mgvavb K‡i- 4

V1 =  1.5 Volt 8V 8V
V2 = 0.7 Volt,
V3 = 1.6 Volt

 1s Gi current= (1.5+0.7) 1 mgvavbt

= 2.2 Amp, B to A Point From node V1:
 2s Gi current= (1.5 + 1.6)2 V1( + + )- =
= 0.2 Amp, A to C Point. ⇒ 0.6V1=3.2
 4s Gi current = 0.74 = 2.8 Amp, ∴ V1=
B to datum node point
Now, I= [∵V1<12]
 3s Gi current = 1.63 = 4.8 Amp,
⁄
datum node to C point I=
I=
3| Find the value of VA & VB & I.
∴ V=IR= 6
= 4v (Ans)
 5| Find the value of VA , VB
Exercise
1| Find the value of i

Ans. VA = 4/3 Volt, VB = 17/3 Volt

6| Find the value of I1, I2, I3, I4, I5, I6

Ans. i = 4.883 Amp

2| Find the value of i

Ans. I1 = 18A ; I2 = 8A
V1 V2 V3 I3 = 2A ; I4 = 4 Amp
I5 =  4 Amp; I6 = 4 Amp
7| Find the value of I1

Ans. i = 1.75 Amp

3| 3  resistor Gi current †ei Ki|

Ans. I 1 = 0.5 Amp

8| Find the value of V1 , V2

Ans. 2/3 Amp

4| ckt total power †ei Ki?

Ans. V1 = 18 Volt ,V2 = 12 Volt

9| Find the value of V1 , V2

Ans. 266.25 Watt

Ans. V1 = 7.1 Volt ,V2 = 3.96 Volt

10| Find Iab, Ibc, Ibd

a b c

0.25

d
All resistance are in ohm
22 8 10
Ans. Iab = A; Ibc =  A; Ibd = A.
21 21 7

11| Find the value of V1 , V2 ,V3

11
Ans.V1= Volt; V2 =1volt; V3 =1/3 Volt
3

12| Find the value of V1 , V2

Ans. V1 = 2.26 Volt; V2 = 0.174 Volt