3.

CORE, FUR1 2013 VCAA 7 MC

FURMATHS: CORE, Data Distributions
For a city, the correlation coefficient between
Correlation and Regression population density and distance from the centre of the city is = – 0.563
Teacher: Dora Verrocchi house size and distance from the centre of the city is = 0.357.
Exam Equivalent Time: 19.5 minutes (based on VCE allocation of 2.25
min/mark for FUR1, and 1.5 min/mark for FUR2)
Given this information, which one of the following statements is true?
A. Around 31.7% of the variation observed in house size in the city can be explained by
the variation in distance from the centre of the city.
Questions
B. Population density tends to increase as the distance from the centre of the city
1. CORE, FUR1 2008 VCAA 10 MC increases.

A large study of Year 12 students shows that there is a negative association between the C. House sizes tend to be larger as the distance from the centre of the city decreases.
time spent doing homework each week and the time spent watching television. The D. The slope of a least squares regression line relating population density to distance
correlation coefficient is . from the centre of the city is positive.
From this information it can be concluded that E. Population density is more strongly associated with distance from the centre of the city
A. the time spent doing homework is 60% lower than the time spent watching television. than is house size.

B. 36% of students spend more time watching television than doing homework.
4. CORE, FUR1 2017 VCAA 12 MC
C. the slope of the least squares regression line is 0.6.
D. if a student spends less time watching television, they will do more homework.
E. an increased time spent watching television is associated with a decreased time doing
homework.
2. CORE, FUR1 2011 VCAA 11 MC
For a group of 15-year-old students who regularly played computer games, the correlation
between the time spent playing computer games and fitness level was found to be
On the basis of this information it can be concluded that
A. 56% of these students were not very fit.
B. these students would become fitter if they if they spent less time playing computer
games.
C. these students would become fitter if they if they spent more time playing computer
games.
D. the students in the group who spent a short amount of time playing computer games
tended to be fitter.
E. the students in the group who spent a large amount of time playing computer games
tended to be fitter.
Data collected over a period of 10 years indicated a strong, positive association between the
number of stray cats and the number of stray dogs reported each year ( ) in a large,
regional city.
A positive association was also found between the population of the city and both the
number of stray cats ( ) and the number of stray dogs ( ).
During the time that the data was collected, the population of the city grew from 34 564 to 51
055.
From this information, we can conclude that
A. if cat owners paid more attention to keeping dogs off their property, the number of stray
cats reported would decrease.
B. the association between the number of stray cats and stray dogs reported cannot be
causal because only a correlation of +1 or –1 shows causal relationships.
C. there is no logical explanation for the association between the number of stray cats
and stray dogs reported in the city so it must be a chance occurrence.
D. because larger populations tend to have both a larger number of stray cats and stray
dogs, the association between the number of stray cats and the number of stray dogs
can be explained by a common response to a third variable, which is the increasing
population size of the city.
E. more stray cats were reported because people are no longer as careful about keeping
their cats properly contained on their property as they were in the past.
5. CORE, FUR2 2011 VCAA 2 For this scatterplot,
a. Describe the association between the variables population density and area for these
Table 1 shows information about a particular country. It shows the percentage of women by
suburbs in terms of strength, direction and form. (1 mark)
age at first marriage, for the years 1986, 1996 and 2006.
b. The mean and standard deviation of the variables population density and area for these 38
inner suburbs are shown in the table below.

i. One of these suburbs has a population density of 3082 people per square kilometre.
a. Of the women who first married in 1986, what percentage were aged 20 to 29 years
inclusive? (1 mark) Determine the standard -score of this suburb’s population density.
Write your answer, correct to one decimal place. (1 mark)
b. Does the information in Table 1 support the opinion that, for the years 1986, 1996 and
2006, the age of women at first marriage was associated with years of marriage? Assume the areas of these inner suburbs are approximately normally distributed.
Justify your answer by quoting appropriate percentages. It is sufficient to consider one age ii. How many of these 38 suburbs are expected to have an area that is two
group only when justifying your answer. (2 marks) standard deviations or more above the mean?
Write your answer, correct to the nearest whole number. (1 mark)

6. CORE, FUR2 2014 VCAA 4 iii. How many of these 38 inner suburbs actually have an area that is two
standard deviations or more above the mean? (1 mark)
The scatterplot below shows the population density, in people per square kilometre, and the
area, in square kilometres, of 38 inner suburbs of the same city.
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VCAA does not endorse or make any warranties regarding this study resource. Current and past VCE exams and related
content can be accessed directly at www.vcaa.vic.edu.au.
Worked Solutions 4. CORE, FUR1 2017 VCAA 12 MC

1. CORE, FUR1 2008 VCAA 10 MC

5. CORE, FUR2 2011 VCAA 2

2. CORE, FUR1 2011 VCAA 11 MC
a.

b.

3. CORE, FUR1 2013 VCAA 7 MC

♦ Mean mark 49%.

6. CORE, FUR2 2014 VCAA 4

a. ♦♦ Mean mark 30%.

MARKER'S COMMENT: The
most common error was to
describe the association as
positive.

b.i

b.ii.

b.iii.

♦♦ Very few students

² answered this part correctly.

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