UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCES

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONOURS) BIOLOGY

BIO 560
LAB 1 REPORT
FUNDAMENTAL PHYSIOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES

LECTURER: SARAH SHAZWANI BINTI ZAKARIA

NAME:
DATE: 6/4/2022

INSTRUCTIONS
1. Completed report sheets will provide the basis for your course work (lab report – 10%)
assessment mark in BIO 560.
2. Make sure your name is clearly written in the space provided on the front of this report
sheet.
3. In completing the report sheets:
a) Add your own sketches and diagrams (if any)
b) You can write or typed the reports. Use your own way of scientific writing in writing
this report.
4. Report sheets should be handed in for marking, before or on the due date posted in GC.
5. Reports handed in late WILL NOT be marked.
1. INTRODUCTION

Physiology is a branch of biology dealing with the mechanisms, functions, and activities of living
things. Physiological research helps in our understanding of how the body functions in health
and how it reacts and adapts to the stresses of daily life; it also helps in determining what goes
wrong in disease, allowing for the creation of new treatments and guidelines for
sustaining human and animal health. Therefore, in order to conduct physiological experiments,
we must first understand fundamental principles such as unit of measurement, solution
concentration, and acid-base balance.

2. FLOW OF PROCEDURE

3. 1 drop of HCl was

1. pH meter was allowed
to warm at standby
mode. The temperature
selector was set to the
room temperature.
2. The pH electrode was
immersed in 150 ml of
distilled water in a 250-
ml beaker. The selector
switch was set to “pH”
and the pH of the water
was recorded. Then, the
switch was returned to
standby mode.
added to the distilled
water, stirred with a
stirring rod, and the new
pH was recorded. These
steps were repeated
four times more,
recording the new pH
after each drop of HCl
was added.

6. The electrode was

4. 1 drop of NaOH was
added to distilled water,
stirred, and the new pH
was recorded. These
steps were repeated
four times more,
recording the new pH
after each drop of NaOH
was added.
immersed in 150 ml of
phosphate buffer
5. pH electrode was
solution and the pH was
removed from the
recorded. This buffer
solution, rinsed with
was made up of dibasic
distilled water, and dried
sodium phosphate
with a lint-free paper.
(Na2HPO4) and sodium
acid phosphate
(NaH2PO4).

7. On this buffer
solution, the addition of
concentrated acid and
base, as in steps 3 and
4, were repeated. After
each drop was added
and mixed, the new pH
was recorded.