C.

Characteristic of GTM

1. Classes are taught in the mother tongue with little active use of the target language.
2. Much vocabulary is taught in the form of lists of isolated words.
3. Long, elaborate explanations of the intricacies of grammar are given.
4. Grammar provides the rules for putting words together, and instruction often focuses on the
form and inflection of words.
5. Reading of difficult classical text is begun early.
6. Little attention is paid to the content of texts, which are treated as exercises in grammatical
analysis.
7. Often the only drills are exercises in translating disconnected sentences from the target
language into the mother tongue.
8. Little or no attention of pronunciation.
The characteristic can be used by teacher as an outline of GTM usage in a class, while for the
way to use GTM is its technique.

D. Techniques of GTM
1. Translation of a literary passage
The students translate a reading passage from the target language into the native language. The
translation may be written or spoken both.
2. Reading comprehension questions
The students answer questions in the target language based on their understanding of the passage
they are read.
3. Antonyms/synonyms
The students ordered to find out the antonym of some words in the passage.
4. Cognates
The teacher teaches the students to recognize cognates by learning the sound patterns or spelling
that correspond between the languages.
5. Deductive application of rule
Grammar rules are presented with examples. Exception to each rules are also noted.
Once the students understand a rule, they are ordered to apply it to some different examples.
6. Fill in the blanks
The students are given a series of sentences with word missing and they fill in the blanks with
new vocabulary items or with items of particular grammar type.
7. Memorization
Students are given lists of target language vocabulary words and their native language
equivalents and are asked to memorize them. Students are also required to memorize
grammatical rules and grammatical paradigms such as verb conjugation.
8. Use words in sentences
In order to show that students understand the meaning and use of a new vocabulary item, they
make up sentences in which they use the new words.
9. Composition
The teacher gives the students a topic to write about in the target language. The topic is based
upon some aspect of the reading passage of the lesson.
Those techniques can be used separately or united in an implementation of teaching learning
activity.
Advantages of GTM
1-An effective way for application of grammar and sentence structure
2-Few demands on teachers
3-Least stressful for students

Disadvantages of GTM
1-Wrong idea of what language is
2-Less learners’ motivation
3-Create frustration for learners

Typical Techniques
(1) Translation of a Literary Passage
(2) Reading Comprehension Questions (students answer questions in target language based on their
understanding of the reading passage
(3) Antonyms/Synonyms
(4) Cognates (students are taught to recognize cognates by learning the spelling or sounds patterns
that correspond between the language).
(5) Deductive Application of Rule
(6) Fill-in-the-blanks
(7) Memorization
(8) Use Words in Sentences
(9) Composition (The teacher gives the students a topic to write about in target language).

The Direct Method

Advantages of Direct Method

1. Power of the gestures and expression.
2. Interest in English language and relationship in meaning and words.
3. Involve all the people engaged in an activity
4. Direct Method can depend low to high class of employees.
Disadvantages of Direct method
1. Ignore the systematic written work that is done to a fixed plan in a through and efficient way.
2. Direct Method is so much expensive because that affect upon the aids which are high cost aids.
3. That method is helpful in early stage. It is not doing a good work in the higher classes
Characteristic of Direct Method
1. Grammar teaching of approach is inductive.
2. Spoke English language.
3. Effect of question answer session.
4. Concept of teaching and vocabulary.
5. Visual materials.
Techniques of Direct Method
1. Reading aloud that other people can here you.
2. Question answer session.
3. Dictation
4. Fill in the blank exercise.
5. Student self-correction
6. Oral communication.
7. Language skills (reading, speaking, listening skills).
Principles of Direct Method
1. Introduce the new teaching points orally.
2. Taught the sentences and vocabulary every day.
3. In the lesson student spoke the English Language.
4. Grammar and Pronunciation are correct.
5. Orally skills of communication.
6. Purpose of language is communication.
7. Taught the speech and listen the comprehensive knowledge ability to understand something.