SK015

SESSION 2020/2021
SKEMA SOALAN ALA PSPM SET 1

1. a) Allicin is the compound responsible for the characteristic smell of garlic. An analysis of the
compound gives the following percent composition by mass : C : 44.4% ; H : 6.21% ; S : 39.5% ;
O : 9.86% . If 0.05 mol of this compound weighs 8.10 g, determine its
i. empirical formula.
ii. molecular formula.
[6 marks]
c) Oxalic acid is usually used to clean blood and rust stains. A 500 mL of oxalic acid solution is
prepared by dissolving 10.0 g of hydrated oxalic acid, H2C2O4.2H2O in water. The solution has a
density of 1.05 g/mL. Calculate the molality of the oxalic acid solution
[5 marks]
d) The oxalic acid in (c) is titrated with KMnO4 solution. The unbalanced equation for the
reaction is:
MnO4- + C2O42-  Mn2+ + CO2
i. determine the oxidation number of Mn in KMnO4.
ii. write a balanced redox equation for the above reaction in acidic solution.
[5 marks]
e) Aluminium, AI reacts with sulphuric acid, H2SO4 which is an acid in the automobile
batteries, according to the following equation:
2AI (s) + 3H2SO4 (aq) AI2(SO4)3(s) + 3H2 (g)
If 20.0 g of aluminium is put into a solution containing 115.0 g of H2SO4, determine limiting
reactant and the mass of excess reactant remained at the end of the reaction.
[5 marks]

NO MARK(S)
1
C H S O
a)
Mass 44.4 6.21 39.5 9.86

Mole 44.4 6.21 39.5 9.86

i. 12 1 32.1 16 2
= 3.7 = 6.21 = 1.23 = 0.616

Simplest ratio 3.7 6.21 1.23 0.616 1

0.616 0.616 0.616 0.616 1
=6 =10 =2 =1
 Empirical formula = C6H10S2O
Molar mass = mass/mol 1
= 8.10g/0.05mol
ii. = 162g/mol
(C6H10S2O)n = 162 1
n =1
molecular formula is C6H10S2O
c) 10𝑔
Mol hydrated oxalic acid =
(2(1)+2(12)+4(16)+4(1)+2(16)
10𝑔 1
= = 0.0794 mol
126
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
density =
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

ZXC_01_01
 SK015
SESSION 2020/2021
SKEMA SOALAN ALA PSPM SET 1

𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
1.05g/ml =
500 𝑚𝑙
1
Mass solution = 525 g
Mass solvent = 525 g – 10 g
= 515 g = 0.515kg 1
0.0794𝑚𝑜𝑙
Molality =
0.515𝑘𝑔
=0.154 mol/kg @ m 1
1
d) KMnO4
(+1) + Mn + 4(-2) = 0
i. 1
Mn = +7

Reduction: MnO4- + 8 H+ → Mn2+ + 4 H2O 1

ii. Oxidation : C2O42- → 2 CO2 1

Reduction: (MnO4- + 8 H+ + 5 e → Mn2+ + 4 H2O)x2 1

Oxidation : (C2O42- → 2 CO2 + 2 e)x5
1
2 MnO4- + 16 H+ + 5 C2O42- → 2 Mn2+ + 8 H2O + 10 CO2

20𝑔
e) Mol AI = 27𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙
= 0.741 mol (available) 1
115𝑔
Mol H2SO4 = 98.1𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙
= 1.172 mol (available) 1
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
1.05g/ml = 500 𝑚𝑙
From balanced equation,
2 mol AI ≡ 3 mol H2SO4 1
0.741 mol ≡ 3x0.741/2
= 1.11 mol H2SO4 needed
Limiting reactant is AI
1
Mol excess after reaction = 1.172 mol – 1.112 mol
= 0.06 mol
Mass excess reactant left after reaction= mol x Mr
= 0.06 mol x 98.1 g/mol 1
= 5.89g

2. a) FIGURE 1 shows the Balmer series of hydrogen emission spectrum.

FIGURE 1

X Y Z
i. State the region of the electromagnetic spectrum in which the series is found
ii. Calculate the energy corresponding to line Y.
ZXC_01_01
 SK015
SESSION 2020/2021
SKEMA SOALAN ALA PSPM SET 1

[4 marks]
b) The proton number of element U is 20.
i. Write the electronic configuration of element U.
ii. Predict the stable oxidation number of element U. Explain.
iii. Draw the shape of orbital (s) and give set(s) of quantum numbers for the valence
electron(s) of element U.
[6 marks]
NO MARK(S)
2 a)
i. Visible Light
 1 
1
1
E  R h   
n 2 2 
 1 n 2  1
= 2.18 x 10-18 J (1/52 – 1/22) 1
= -4.578 x 10-19 J
1
Energy released is 4.578 x 10-19 J

ii. 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 1

+2 1
Atom U removes 2 valence electrons to achieve stable octet configuration (noble
gas) 1

(4,0,0,+1/2) (4,0,0,-1/2)
2

b)
i.
1
ii.
4s

3. a) For each of the molecules given; PCl3 and PCl5

i. Draw a Lewis structure and name the shape based on molecular geometry.
ii. Predict the bond angle and deduce the polarity
[8 marks]

b) The azide ion, N3-, exists in several resonance forms.

i. Draw possible resonance structures for the azide ion
ii. Use formal charges to select the most stable structure and explain
ii. By using Lewis structure, explain why N3- ion exists, whereas trifluoride ion, F3-,
does not exist
[9 marks]

ZXC_01_01
 SK015
SESSION 2020/2021
SKEMA SOALAN ALA PSPM SET 1

NO MARK(S)
3 a) Lewis
i. structure .. Cl
.. P Cl
..
: Cl :
.. Cl
.. Cl P
: Cl :
.. Cl
Cl 2

Molecular Trigonal Trigonal 2

Shape Pyramidal bipyramidal
ii. Bond angle 107.3° 120° and 90° 2

Polarity Polar molecules Non polar

because bond molecules because
2
dipole cannot bond dipole can
cancel each other cancel each other
μ≠0 μ=0

b) 1
i. 3

ii. Structure II. Because it has smallest formal charge,closer to zero 2

The central F atom cannot achieve expanded octet because F does not have an
empty d-orbital. 1

The central N atom in N3- follows the octet rule. 1

ZXC_01_01
 SK015
SESSION 2020/2021
SKEMA SOALAN ALA PSPM SET 1

4. a) Sodium carbonate, Na2CO3 is the chemical name for soda ash and washing soda which
occurs naturally in arid regions. When heated at high temperature, sodium carbonate
decomposes to sodium oxide and carbon dioxide. A sample of 587.3 mL gas was
collected using water displacement method at 27oC at a total pressure of 760mmHg. If
the vapour pressure of water at 27oC is 28mmHg, calculate the mass of carbon dioxide
collected. [5 marks]

[4 marks]

NO MARK(S)
4 PT = PCO2 + PH2O
760mmHg = PCO2 + 28mmHg
a) 1
PCO2 = 732mmHg = 0.9632 atm

PCO2V = nCO2RT 1
(0.9632atm)(0.5873L) = nCO2 ( 0.08206 L atm mol-1K-1)(27+273.15 K)
nCO2= 0.0229 mol 1

Mass CO2 = 0.0229 mol x 44g/mol 1

= 1.001 g 1
b) The boiling point of Water is higher than diethyl ether 1
The intermolecular forces between water molecules is hydrogen bond, while
1
diethyl ether is van der Waals (dipole-dipole) forces.
Hydrogen bond is stronger than dipole-dipole forces. Thus, it is easier for diethyl 1
ether molecules escape as vapour. So the vapour pressure of diethyl ether is higher
than water. Less energy needed to overcome the dipole-dipole forces in diethyl 1
ether

ZXC_01_01
 SK015
SESSION 2020/2021
SKEMA SOALAN ALA PSPM SET 1

5. The reaction between PCI3 and CI2 to produce PCI5 is exothermic and reversible. The equilibrium
constant, Kc for this reaction is 23.4 at 25°C
PCI3(g) + CI2(g) PCI5(g)
If 1.52 mol PCI3,1.52 mol CI2 and 2.00 mol PCI5 are initially introduced in a 2.00 dm3 container,
a) Is the system at equilibrium?Explain
b) Suggest two (2) ways that can be used to produce more phosphorus(v) chloride, PCI5.
Suggest a reason for each method.
[9 marks]
NO MARK(S)
5 1.52 𝑚𝑜𝑙 1
[PCI3]i = = 0.76 M
2𝐿
1.52 𝑚𝑜𝑙
a) [PCI3]i = = 0.76 M 1
2𝐿
2.00𝑚𝑜𝑙
[PCI3]i = = 1.00 M
2𝐿

PCI3(g) + CI2(g) PCI5(g)

Initial [ ] I 0.76 0.76 1.00
Changes [ ] C
Equilibrium [ ] E
1
[𝑃𝐶𝐼5 ] (1.00)
Qc = [𝑃𝐶𝐼 = (0.76)(0.76) = 1.734
3 ][𝐶𝐼2 ] 1
Qc < Kc
The system is not at equilibrium . Initially there are more reactants in the reaction 1
mixture. To reach equilibrium, (Qc=Kc) the reaction proceed from left to right.

1. Decrease the temperature 2

Carry out the reaction at a lower temperature as the reaction is exothermic, the
b)
equilibrium position proceeds to the right by releasing heat
2
2. Increase the pressure
Carry out the reaction at a higher pressure , the equilibrium position shift to the
right (side with less no. of mole) to decrease the pressure

3. Remove PCI5 as soon as it is produced to prevent the reverse reaction, the

equilibrium position shift to the right to increase the concentration PCI 5

ZXC_01_01
 SK015
SESSION 2020/2021
SKEMA SOALAN ALA PSPM SET 1

6. a) A titration of 25.0 mL solution of 0.15 M HNO3 requires 37.8 mL of NaOH to reach the
equivalence point. Calculate the concentration of NaOH solution at equivalence point.
[4 marks]
b) A buffer solution is prepared by dissolving 0.125 mol of sodium nitrite, NaNO 2, in 500
mL of 0.25 M nitrous acid, HNO2. What is the pH of the solution? [5 marks]
c) The solubility product constant, Ksp, of calcium phosphate, Ca3(PO4)2, in pure water is
1.2 x 10-26 at 25 oC.
i. Write the expression for the solubility product constant.
ii. Calculate the molar solubility of calcium phosphate and concentration of each
ion.
[5 marks]

NO MARK(S)
6
1
4
a)
1

1
b) 1 5

c)
1

ZXC_01_01