Chapter 15: Laboratory methods used in the detection of immunological response

1. All the following forces are involved in antigen–antibody reactions EXCEPT:

a) Van der Waals forces
b) Electrostatic bond
c) Hydrogen bond
d) Covalent bond

2. Avidity is highest in:

a) IgA
b) IgM
c) IgG
d) IgE

3. Prozone phenomenon is due to:

a) Antigen excess
b) Antibody excess
c) Both antigen and antibody excess
d) None of these

4. All the following are TRUE about precipitation reactions EXCEPT:

a) Reaction of soluble antigen with antibody
b) Very sensitive for the detection of antigens
c) Elek test is an example
d) Coombs test is an example

5. Which of the following statements does not depict the general features of Ag-Ab
reactions?
a) Reaction is specific
b) Combination is firm but reversible
c) Denaturation of the Ag or Ab occurs during the reaction
d) Entire molecule reacts

6. Ouchterlony procedure is:

a) Single diffusion in one dimension
b) Double diffusion in one dimension
c) Single diffusion in two dimensions
d) Double diffusion in two dimensions

7. Coombs test is also known as:

a) Complement fixation test
b) Agglutination test
c) Neutralisation test
d) Antiglobulin test

8. Rose-Waaler test is an example of:

a) Latex agglutination test
b) Reversed passive agglutination
c) Passive hemagglutination
d) Co-agglutination test
9. Which of the following parameters is NOT measured in flow cytometry?
a) Size
b) Granularity
c) Cellular antigen
d) Composition of cell wall

10. An example of the immune-electroblot technique is:

a) Western blot
b) Northern blot
c) Southern blot
d) All of these

11. Chemiluminescence refers to a clinical reaction emitting energy in the form of:
a) Electric current
b) Chemical reaction
c) Photons
d) Ionising radiation

12. The Schick test is an example of:

a) Complement fixation test
b) Co-agglutination test
c) Neutralisation test
d) Passive agglutination test

13. Widal test is a type of:

a) Precipitation reaction
b) Agglutination reaction
c) Neutralisation test
d) Complement fixation test

14. The TRUE statement regarding homogenous EIA is:

a) Needs separation of antigen and antibody
b) It is a multistep procedure
c) Can be used only for haptens
d) ELISA is an example

15. A 25-year-old man with a history of multiple sexual partners is admitted with
unexplained fever, loss of weight and persistent diarrhea for the past 6 months. His blood is
drawn after counselling to detect antibody against HIV. The laboratory will test using ELISA.
Which of the following statements is true regarding ELISA?
a) It uses horseradish peroxidase as the substrate
b) It is performed in a microtiter plate having 46 wells
c) Direct ELISA is used for detecting antibody in test serum
d) Indirect ELISA can be used to detect both antigen and antibody in serum
16. Which of the following is the correct flow diagram to depict the principle of ELISA?
a) Ag-Ab complex-enzyme + substrate----->activates chromogen----->colour change----
>detection by spectrophotometry
b) Ag-Ab + substrate---->activates enzyme-chromogen----->colour change---->detection by
spectrophotometry
c) Ag-Ab complex-substrate----->activates enzyme---->add chromogen----->colour change--
-->detection by spectrophotometry
d) Ag-Ab complex-enzyme----->activates chromogen----->colour change---->detection by
spectrophotometry

17. Another test used to confirm the findings of ELISA in such a patient is Western blot.
Which of the following statements best describes the principle of Western blot?
a) It detects DNA fragments in the patient’s sample
b) It detects mRNAs in sample
c) It detects specific proteins in sample
d) None of the above

18. Which statement is NOT CORRECT regarding fluorescence

a) It refers to the property of absorbing light rays of one particular wavelength and emitting
rays of a different wavelength
b) Fluorescent dyes convert ultraviolet light into visible light
c) Fluorescent dyes can be conjugated to antibodies and then used to locate and identify
antigens in tissues
d) None of the above

19. Lymphocyte transformation test is used to

a) Measure antibodies in serum

b) Measure total B cell count
c) Detection of cell-mediated immunity
d) Identify viral infected cells

20. Lateral flow assay are used to detect:

a) Antigen using fluorescent labelled antibody.

b) Antibody using fluorescent labelled antigen
c) Antigen or antibody using nitrocellulose membrane
d) Antibody or antigen using chemiluminescence