SUMMARY OF

THE VERB
TENSES
grammar class
SIMPLE PRESENT AFFIRMATIVE
Sujeto + Inf.
USES 3ª p. (He, She, It) añade “-s” o “-es"
I live in Elda.
Acciones habituales: He kisses her.
She washes up every day.
I get up at 7.45.
Verdades universales: NEGATIVE
Snow is cold.
Horarios: Sujeto + Don’t o Doesn’t + Inf.
The match starts at 6.00. I don’t like coffee.
She doesn’t smoke.
Acciones en el futuro sujetas a un horario:
The train leaves at 6.00.
INTERROGATIVE
Do o Does + Sujeto + Inf.
Le suelen acompañar: everyday, always, usually, Do you love me?
often, never, generally, etc. Does he go to school?
PRESENT
CONTINUOUS AFFIRMATIVE
S + Be (am, is, are) + Verbo con Ing
I am reading.
USES

Acciones en proceso: NEGATIVE

I am reading a book. Sujeto + Be + Not + Verbo con ing
Planes futuros: She is not smoking.
I am playing tennis tomorrow.
Acciones repetidas: INTERROGATIVE
He is always talking.
Be + Sujeto + Verbo con ing
Are you running?
Le suelen acompañar: at present, nowadays, now,
at the moment, (*Adverbs of Frequency).
 *ADVERBS OF INDEFINITE FREQUENCY
We use some adverbs to describe how frequently we do an activity.

100% always I always go to bed before 11 p.m.

90% usually I usually have cereal for breakfast.

80% normally / generally I normally go to the gym.

70% often / frequently I often surf the internet.

50% sometimes I sometimes forget my wife's birthday.

30% occasionally I occasionally eat junk food.

10% seldom I seldom read the newspaper.

5% hardly ever / rarely I hardly ever drink alcohol.

0% never I never swim in the sea.

 We can also use the following adverbs at the start
THE POSITION OF THE of a sentence:

ADVERB IN A SENTENCE Usually, normally, often, frequently, sometimes,

occasionally

Occasionally, I like to eat Thai food.

An adverb of frequency goes before

a main verb (except with To Be). BUT we cannot use the following at the beginning
of a sentence:
SUBJECT + ADVERB + MAIN VERB

Always, seldom, rarely, hardly, ever, never.

I always remember to do my homework.
He normally gets good marks in exams.
We use hardly ever and never with positive, not
negative verbs:
An adverb of frequency goes after

She hardly ever comes to my parties.

the verb To Be. They never say 'thank you'.

SUBJECT + TO BE + ADVERB
We use ever in questions and negative statements:
They are never pleased to see me.

Have you ever been to New Zealand?

She isn't usually bad tempered. I haven't ever been to Switzerland. (The same as 'I
have never been Switzerland').
 *ADVERBS OF DEFINITE FREQUENCY
We can also use the following expressions when we want to be more
specific about the frequency:

every day
once a month
twice a year
four times a day
every other week
daily
monthly
These are also known as Adverbs of DEFINITE frequency as the
exact frequency is specified.
 AFFIRMATIVE

SIMPLE PAST Sujeto + Verbo Regular + ed

Sujeto + Verbo Irregular
I played.
USES I ate.

Acciones que ocurrieron en el pasado: NEGATIVE

I went to Barcelona.
Sujeto + Did + Not (didn’t) + Inf.
A veces acompaña al pasado continuo:
I did not play.
I was reading the paper and then it began to rain. I did not eat.

INTERROGATIVE
Le suelen acompañar: last year, yesterday, two
days ago etc. Did + Sujeto + Inf. ?
Did you play?
Did you eat?
PAST
CONTINUOUS AFFIRMATIVE
S + Be (am, is, are) + Verbo con Ing
I am reading.
USES

Acciones en proceso en el pasado: NEGATIVE

I was watching TV when my cousin phoned. Sujeto + Be + Not + Verbo con ing
En narraciones / Para descripciones: She is not smoking.
I am playing tennis tomorrow.
INTERROGATIVE
Be + Sujeto + Verbo con ing
Are you running?