Mud System Sensors

(PVT – Mud Conductivity In/Out – Mud Temperature In/Out – Mud Weight

In/Out – SPM Limit Switch – Mud Flow Out)

1. PVT (Pit Volume Totalizer):

Function:
To measure the volume /level of mud in tanks.

Introduction to the equipment

The Probe is an ultrasonic level monitor combining sensor and
electronics in a single package.
It is designed to measure liquid levels in open or closed vessels. The
process part (sensor) is PVDF or ETFE, allowing The Probe to be used in
a wide variety of industries, especially food and chemical.
The sensor houses the ultrasonic transducer and temperature-sensing
element.
Principal operation
The Probe emits a series of ultrasonic pulses from the transducer. Each
pulse is reflected as an echo from the material and sensed by the transducer. The echo is
processed by The Probe using Siemens Milltronic’s proven ‘Sonic Intelligence’ techniques.
Filtering is applied to help discriminate between the true echo from the material, and false
echoes from acoustical and electrical noises and agitator blades in motion.
The time for the pulse to travel to the material and back is temperature
Compensated and then converted into distance for display, mA output.
Installation

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Mounting
Note: Mount the Probe so that the face of the sensor is at least 25 cm above the highest
anticipated level.

Interconnection
Cable Entry
a) With lid closed, remove cable entry ’knock out’ on either side as required.
b) B.Open lid by loosening the lid screw.
c) Run cable to The Probe.
d) D.Connect loop wiring.
e) E. Close lid. Tighten screw to 1.1 to 1.7 N-m (10 to 15 in-lb) of torque

System operation
Start Up
 With The Probe correctly installed (or aimed at a wall 0.25 to 5 m away), apply power.
 The Probe starts up displaying the following;

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  It then defaults to the Run mode, which is the measurement reading of the distance
from the transducer face to the material level in the units indicated:

Calibration
The calibration of the mA output may be done such that its span will be either proportional or
inversely proportional to the material level

Proportional Span Inversely proportional Span

high level = 20mA low level = 4 mA

low level = 4 mA high level = 20mA

Calibration: Reference Method

• Adjust the material level (or target) to the desired distance from the sensor face.
• Press the “4” or “20” key (as appropriate) to view the stored distance associated with that
mA output value.
• Press the key a second time to set the new distance reference.
• After viewing or calibrating, Probe operation automatically reverts to the Run mode (6 sec).
The calibration value is referenced from the face of The Probe sensor, in the units displayed

Adjustments

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* 4 mA calibration

* 20 mA calibration

* Blanking

Blanking is used to ignore the zone in front of the transducer where false echoes are at a level
that interferes with the processing of the true echo. It is measured outward from the sensor
face. The minimum recommended blanking value is 0.25 m (0.82 ft) but can be increased in
order to extend the blanking. To change the stored blanking value, obtain the `bL' display;

 Press the "20" key to increase or the "4" key to decrease the blanking value.
 When the display has scrolled to the desired value, stop pressing the key. The display
automatically returns to the Run mode (6 sec).

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* Speed of Response

The speed of response adjustment allows the user to collectively set a number of operating
parameters.

Agitator Fail-safe
SP Measurement response Filter
discrimination timer
1 1 m/min (3.3 ft/min) On On 10 min

2 5 m/min (16.4 ft/min) On On 3 min

3 Immediate Off Off 3 min

4 0.03 m/min (0.1 ft/min) On On 10 in

* To change the speed of response, obtain the `SP' display;

 Scroll forward through the options (1-2-3) by pressing the "20" key. Scroll backward
through the options (3-2-1) by pressing the "4" key.
 When the desired option is displayed, stop pressing the key. The display will
automatically return to the Run mode (6 sec).

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Fail-Safe

In the event a loss of echo or fault condition exceeds the `Waiting' period (see Speed of
Response above or Fail-safe Timer the `? ' icon appears and one of the following fail-safe
defaults is immediately affected.

• To change the fail-safe default obtain the `FLS' display.

• Scroll forward through the options (1-2-3) by pressing the "20" key. Scroll backward through
the options (3-2-1) by pressing the "4" key.

• When the desired option is displayed, stop pressing the key. The display will automatically
return to the Run mode (6 sec).

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Fail-Safe Timer

The fail-safe timer allows the user to vary the ‘waiting’ period from the time a loss of echo or
operating fault condition begins, until the fail-safe default is effected. The ‘waiting’ period is
adjustable from 1 to 15 minutes, in 1 minute increments.
The fail-safe timer value will default to settings determined by the speed of response .
If a different value is desired, the fail-safe timer should be adjusted after the speed of response
is set.
 To change the fail-safe timer, obtain the ‘FST’ display.
 Increase the ‘waiting’ period by pressing the “20” key, and decrease it by pressing the
“4” key, stopping when the desired value is displayed.
 The display automatically reverts to the Run mode (6 sec).

Units

The units of the measurement reading can be selected as follows:

1 = meters, m (factory setting)
2 = feet, ft
The selected units are also applicable to the `Blanking' adjustment.
To change the units, obtain the `Un' display;
 Scroll forward through the options (1 - 2) by pressing the "20" key. Scroll backward
through the options (2 - 1) by pressing the "4" key.
 When the desired option is displayed, stop pressing the key. The display will
automatically return to the Run mode (6 sec).

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 Operation Status

The graphic portion of the display gives the user a visual indication of The Probe's operating
status. Viewing the graphic can assist the user in properly locating and installing The Probe to
achieve optimum performance.

The logo will change from full to partial to indicate operation status. After the `Waiting' period,
the `?' icon will appear for an `LOE / FAULT' indication. When a valid echo is again received, a
`Good' indication will resume.

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 2. Mud Conductivity In/Out:
Function:
To measure the conductivity of the mud during
drilling (Water Based Mud Only).

Introduction to the equipment

 This sensor is used to measure the
conductivity of the mud during drilling,
but it is not used while drilling with oil
base mud.
 The form of the sensor is a ring. Applied
magnetic field and after processing the
return effect it can give you the
conductivity value.
 This sensor has two parts, one is the sensor that will immerse inside the mud and the
other part is the transmitter that can process the value, you can calibrate and adjust the
sensor settings on it.

Principal Operation
 Liquids can only conduct electrical currents when they contain particles that carry
charges. These particles are called ions, and they are produced when acids, bases, and
salts are mixed with water. The conductivity of a substance determines how well it can
carry electrical currents and is used to indicate the concentration of acids, bases, and
salts in water.
 Conductance is the reciprocal of resistance. The traditional unit of conductance is mho,
a term representing the
 Reciprocal of ohm. Recently, the unit Siemens has replaced the mho, but the amount of
conductance is exactly the same.
 Liquid water has relatively low conductivity, so measurements are expressed in mille
Siemens (0.001 Siemens) or microsiemens (0.000001 Siemens), and abbreviated as mS
or μS, respectively.
 The Model Xmt-T conductivity transmitter is a device used to measure conductivity in
most chemical processes.
 Conductivity is a function of ion concentration, ionic charge, and ion mobility. Ions in
water conduct current when an electrical potential is applied across electrodes
immersed in the solution.
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  Model Xmt-T is designed for use with inductive (toroidal) probes for measurement of
high conductivity. Generally, inductive probes are used for conductivity above 200
microsiemens. This sensor design is more sensitive to high-level measurement and
water solutions that tend to foul the sensor.
 For % concentration measurement, the Model Xmt-T transmitter uses the measured
temperature and absolute conductivity and applies specific algorithms that have been
developed for each of the substances available in the instrument.

System Operation
Quick Start:

 Once connections are secure and verified, apply power to the transmitter.
 When the transmitter is powered up for the first time, quick start screen
 Appear.
- Choose the language first
- Then this screen will appear “asking about the measured parameter “

Setting Up
Setting up and calibrating the Model Xmt is easy. The following tutorial describes how to
move around in the programming menus. For practice, the tutorial also describes how to
assign values to the 4 and 20 mA output.
1- If the menu screen (shown at the left) is not already showing, press MENU. Calibrate is
blinking, which means the cursor is on Calibrate.
2- To assign values to the current output, the Program sub-menu must be open. Press ▼.
The cursor moves to Program (Program blinking.) Press ENTER. Pressing ENTER opens
the Program sub-menu.
3- The Program sub-menu permits the user to configure and assign values
To the 4-20 mA output, to test and trim the output, to change the type of measurement
from what was selected during Quick Start, to set

Manual or automatic temperature correction for membrane permeability, And to set

security codes. When the sub-menu opens, Output is blinking, Which means the cursor is
on Output. Press ▼ or ► (or any arrow Key) to move the cursor around the display. Move
the cursor to >> and Press ENTER to cause a second screen with more program items to

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Appear. There are three screens in the Program sub-menu. Pressing>> And ENTER in the
third screen cause the display to return to the first Screen (Output, Temp, Measurement).

4- For practice, assign values to the 4 and 20 mA output. Move the cursor to Output and
press ENTER.
5- The screen shown at left appears. Test is blinking. Move the cursor to Range and press
ENTER.
6- The screen shown at left appears. + is blinking, which means the cursors on +.
a- To toggle between + and - press ▲ or ▼.
b- To move from one digit to the next, press ◄ or ►.
c- To increase or decrease the value of a digit, press ▲ or ▼.
d- To move the decimal point, press ◄or ► until the cursor is on the decimal point.
Press ▲ to move the decimal to the right. Press ▼ to Move the decimal point to
the left.
e- Press ENTER to store the number.

7- The screen shown at left appears. Use this screen to assign a full scale Value to the 20
mA output. Use the arrow keys to change the number to The desired value. Press ENTER
to store the setting.
8- The screen shown at left appears. To configure the output or to test the Output, move
the cursor to the appropriate place and press ENTER.
9- To return to the main menu, press MENU. To return to the main display, Press MENU
then EXIT, or press EXIT repeatedly until the main display appears. To return to the
previous display, press EXIT.

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 3. Mud Temperature In/Out:
Function:
To measure the mud temperature In/Out.

Operation:
The principle of operation is to measure the resistance of
a platinum element (PT100) has a resistance of 100 ohms
at 0 °C and 138.4 ohms at 100 °C, the applied voltage on
the sensor is 24V. Senor output signal is 4-20mA.

Installation:
 Put one sensor in suitable place in mud system IN
& the other one in mud system out.
 Be sure that the sensor in contact with the level of mud.

4. Mud Weight In/Out:

Function:
This sensor is used to measure the Mud weight.

Operation:
By measuring the pressure difference between two different points inside the tank. Two Level
Sensors dive on different depths into the Mud, the upper sensor needs a minimum depth of 5-
10 cm, and the distance between the two sensors is about 30 cm. Mud Density or “Mud
Weight” is proportional to this pressure difference according to the following equation:

Pressure difference (P1-P2) = D*g (h1-h2)

* Where: D:medium density
g: gravity acceleration = 9.8 m2/sec.
h1-h2: depth difference which is constant = 30 cm

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Installation:
 Put one couple of sensors in suitable place in mud system IN & the other couple in mud
system Out.
 Be sure that the sensors are in proper immersion position in mud.

5. SPM Limit Switch:

Function:
SPM sensor is used for counting the number of
strokes of the mud pumps.

Operation principle:
Limit switch has two connections (NC) Normally
Closed and (NO) Normally Open you can connect
the supply wires (signal wires) in one of them but it
is recommended to connect it on (NO). The sensor
has no polarity because it is used as a switch.
Installation:
SPM sensor is fixed by L-shape holder its length
can be changed by plots and the holder is fixed to
the pump body by G-clamp. Sensor’s position is
being determined where sensor’s arm must be in
pump’s path.

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 6. Mud Flow Out (Paddle):
Function:
The purpose of the mud flow sensor is to monitor the mud flow level
in the return flow line.

Operation principle:
A paddle is put against the flow of the mud and connected through
gears to heavy weight or spring to resist the flow.
The mud flow can change the position of paddle; this paddle is
connected mechanically with a 1-kΩ variable resistance connected series with 150Ω
resistance. The paddle movement changes the value of the resistor, hence the signal
coming from this sensor is changed with the paddle position.

Installation:
 Put the sensor on the flow out line “be sure that the sensor is tight properly”.
 The sensor paddle must resist the flow direction.
 The paddle position must be horizontal at no flow state.

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