PSYCHOLOGICAL

PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF

Cherry Ann A. Hilbero,RMT
Instructor
 LESSON OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

1. Identify the different ideas in psychology about the

“self”;
2. Create your own definition of the “self”based on the
definitions from psychology; and
3. Analyze the effects of various factors identified in
psychology in the information of the “self.”
“ I AM WHO I AM”
“If you are who you are, then who are you that
makes you who you are?”
“Self is the sense of personal identity and of who we
are as individuals.”

-Jhangiani and Tarry (2014)

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

01 02 03 04
WILLIAM DAVID LESTER DONALD CARL
JAMES (Multiple vs. WINNICOTT ROGERS
(Concept of Self) Unified Self) (True vs. False Self) (Self Theory)

05 06
ALBERT 07
SIGMUND
BANDURA CARL JUNG
FREUD (Self as a Central
(The Importance of (Self as Proactive
Archetype)
the Unconscious) and Agentic)
01 WILLIAM JAMES
“Concept of Self”
 WILLIAM JAMES CONCEPT OF SELF
Self as having two (2) aspects:
“I-Self”
✔ Refers to the self that knows who
he or she is
✔ Thinking, acting and feeling self
✔ Reflects the soul of a person or
what is now thought of as the mind
and is called the pure ego.
“Me-Self”
✔ The empirical self
✔ Refers to describing the person’s
personal experiences and further
divided into sub-categories
1. Material self
2. Social Self
3. Spiritual Self
 A man’s self is the sum
total of all that he can call
his, not only his body and
his psychic powers, but
his clothes and his house.
-WILLIAM JAMES
02 DAVID LESTER
“Multiple versus Unified Self”
 MULTIPLE VS. UNIFIED SELF

✔ The contruction of multiple selves

varies across different roles and
relationships. Multiple Self

✔ Coping with different selves

constitutes a formidable task among
adolesscents.
✔ These challenges contribute heavily to
the young person’s struggle for a
Unified Self
unified self.
03 DONALD WINNICOT
“True versus False Self”
“
The function of the false self is to hide and protect the
true self.

HAVE YOU EVER EXPERIENCED HIDING YOUR TRUE SELF? WHY?

”
People tend to display a false self to impress
others.
04 CARL ROGERS
“Self Theory”
CARL ROGERS
✔ Believed in the inherent goodness of people
✔ Emphasized thr importance of free will and psychological growth
✔ Suggest that the actualizing tendency is the driving force behind human behavior
✔ Human beings are always striving for self-actualization
✔ When the needs of the self are denied, severe anxiety may result
✔ Proposed the self concept
 SELF CONCEPT
✔ Refers to the image of oneself
✔ Defined the self as a flexible and
changing perception of personal
identity
✔ Self develops from interactions
with significant people and
self-awareness
 The curious paradox is that
when I accept myself just as I
am, then I can change.
-CARL R. ROGERS
05 SIGMUND FREUD
“The Importance of the Unconscious”
 SIGMUND FREUD’S CONSTRUCTION OF
SELF AND PERSONALITY
• THREE (3) Structures of Personality
1. ID- pleasure seeking, immature, impulsive, child-like and cannot delay
gratification.
2. EGO- “I”, works on the reality principle, controls the id and can delay
pleasure.
3. SUPEREGO- the “conscience” and “moral judge” of conduct
 BLOOPERS IN STAGES OF HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT
Birth to 2 years old Pa-cute-an kuno
3 to 8 years old Paramihan ng toys
9 to 18 years old Pataasan ng grades
19 to 25 years old Padamihan ng syota
26 to 35 years old Pagandahan ng asawa
36 to 45 years old Palakihan ng income
46 to 55 years old Padamihan ng kabit
56 to 70 years old Padamihan ng sakit
70 and above Pabonggahan ng libing
 PSYCHOLOGICAL DEFENSE
MECHANISMS
1. Denial - refusal to recognize a threatening situation.
2. Repression - pushing threatening situations out of conscious memory.
3. Rationalization – making up acceptable excuses for unacceptable behavior.
4. Projection – placing one’s own unacceptable thoughts onto others.
5. Reaction Formation – condemns something that has an unconscious appeal.
6. Displacement – transfer of emotions or behaviors to another less threatening.
7. Regression – falling back on childlike patterns as a way of coping with stressful situation.
8. Identification – trying to become like someone else to deal with one’s anxiety.
9. Compensation (Substitution) – trying to make ups for areas in which a lack is perceived by becoming superior in some
area.
10. Sublimation – turning socially unacceptable urges into socially acceptable behavior.
06 ALBERT BANDURA
“Self a Proactive and Agentic”
 Humans are
producers of their life
circumstances not just
products of them.
-ALBERT BANDURA
 ALBERT BANDURA

• Stanford University Psychologist

• Views people as agents “originators” of experience not just reactive.
• Suggest that human have the ability to act and make things happen.
• Emphasized the importance of social learning, or learning through
observation.
• His theory emphasized the role of conscious thoughts including sel-efficancy,
or our own beliefs in our abilities.
 Four (4) Agentic Perspective

1. Intentionally – enables us to behave with purpose

2. Forethought – allow us to anticipate outcomes
3. Agentic Perspectives – we can be motivated to regulate our
actions
4. Self-reflectiveness – we can reflect our thoughts and behaviors
and make needed modifications
Four (4) steps in observational learning and modeling
process

ATTENTION
• In order to learn, you need to be paying attention.
• Anything that distracts your attention is going to have a negative effect on
observational learning.
• If the model is interesting or there is a novel aspect of the situation, you are
far more likely to dedicate your full attention to learning.
 RETENTION

• The ability to store information is also an important part

of the learning process.

• Retention can be affected by a number of factors, but the

ability to pull up information later and act on it is vital to
observational learning.
 MOTOR REPRODUCTION

• Once you have paid attention to the model and retained the
information, it is time to actually perform the behavior you
observed.

• Further practice of the learned behavior leads to improvement

and skill advancement.
 MOTIVATION

• While experiencing these motivators can be highly effective, so

can observing others experiencing some type of reinforcement or
punishment.

• For example, if you see another student rewarded with extra credit
for being to class on time, you might start to show up a few
minutes early each day.
 Self-belief does not
necessarily ensure success,
but self-disbelief
assuredly spawns failure.
-ALBERT BANDURA
07 CARL JUNG
“Self as the central archetype”
 ARCHETYPES
• Archetypes are universal, inborn models of people, behaviors, or
personalities that play a role in influencing human behavior.
 JUNG’s PERSONALITY ARCHETYPES

1. PERSONA 2. SHADOW
• One’s “public personality” or mask; • One’s dark side, parts of ourselves
one’s social roles that we dislike
 JUNG’s PERSONALITY ARCHETYPES

3. ANIMUS 4. SELF
• Male archetypes, or “male side” • Central archetype of personality,
represent wholeness
 JUNG’S PERSONALITY ARCHETYPES

1. The father: Authority figure; stern; powerful

2. The mother: Nurturing; comforting
3. The child: Longing for innocence; rebirth;salvation
4. The wise old man: Guidance; knowledge; wisdom
5. The hero: Champion; defender; rescuer
6. The maiden: Innocence; desire; purity
7. The trickster: Deceiver; liar; trouble
 END OF
PRESENT
ATION.
THANK Y
OU FOR
YOUR AT
TENTION
!