IPTC 17320

Best Practices in Asset Integrity Management System

Rajdeep Dutta and Massin Madi, Dolphin Energy Limited

Copyright 2014, International Petroleum Technology Conference

Downloaded from http://onepetro.org/IPTCONF/proceedings-pdf/13IPTC/All-13IPTC/IPTC-17320-MS/1490180/iptc-17320-ms.pdf/1 by Petronas user on 21 February 2023

This paper was prepared for presentation at the International Petroleum Technology Conference held in Doha, Qatar, 20–22 January 2014.

This paper was selected for presentation by an IPTC Programme Committee following review of information contained in an abstract submitted by the author(s). Contents of the paper, as
presented, have not been reviewed by the International Petroleum Technology Conference and are subject to correction by the author(s). The material, as presented, does not necessarily
reflect any position of the International Petroleum Technology Conference, its officers, or members. Papers presented at IPTC are subject to publication review by Sponsor Society Committees
of IPTC. Electronic reproduction, distribution, or storage of any part of this paper for commercial purposes without the written consent of the International Petroleum Technology Conference is
prohibited. Permission to reproduce in print is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words; illustrations may not be copied. The abstract must contain conspicuous acknowledgment of
where and by whom the paper was presented. Write Librarian, IPTC, P.O. Box 833836, Richardson, TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax +1-972-952-9435

Abstract

The main objective of an Asset Integrity Management System (AIMS) is to ensure that the physical assets of facilities and
pipeline system are operated in a reliable, efficient, and safe manner. Such motives can include the fitness to function safely
and reliably; Consistency with all industry requirements and international standards; Compliance with company’s AIMS
Philosophy, Operating & Maintenance Philosophy & Engineering Standards/Specifications as well as industry regulations.
The AIMS goals shall demonstrate the persona of the company where an inward look into the company’s values and shall be
subjected to evolution rather than revision.

At Dolphin Energy Limited (DEL), the QHSE philosophy of - zero injuries, zero accidents, zero releases and no (minimal
potential negative) impact to the public, the surrounding environment, and customers (Zero Leak Thresholds) was support by
DEL’s implementation of the most appropriate technology available in the world along with KPI development in areas of
defect management; specified tolerances; assessing infrastructure fitness-for-purpose & measuring the effectiveness of AIMS
activities.

This review paper will demonstrate DEL’s great focus on proactively understanding the type, extent, and the effect of all
potential defects and by implementing a process where such learning is re-injecting and the results are structured and
documented. The importance of regular internal reviews of the AIMS to ensure internal conformance, and the appropriate
evolution of such approach as well as measuring its effectiveness are all important in making the right decisions in cases where
emerging issues are supported and maintained. The AIMS approach shall be proactive where asset safety and reliability start
with prevention by utilizing rigorous QA/QC related to design; materials, coatings, cathodic protection system infrastructure,
and non-destructive examination. Participation in the initial project development teams & project approval processes and
providing Integrity related input/approvals of projects design bases and construction activities are of an extreme value to Asset
Management.

Generally, aging infrastructure does become susceptible to the manifestation of time-dependent failure mechanisms where
monitoring programs shall be structured usually into Operational Monitoring programs as well as large-scale monitoring
programs such as (ILI) for pipelines. Any potential issue identified through risk assessment and/or monitoring activities shall
be effectively mitigated to ensure Asset Integrity. Mitigation programs of AIMS shall also be addressed and may include
regular preventative maintenance programs & repair activities. On the engineering Asset Integrity side, defect data validation
studies and Failure Investigation & Root Cause Analysis, defect Assessments and feature growth analysis, risk based
inspections (RBI) shall be considered within the AIMS overall structure. Another important component of AIMS is the
utilization of application software that will assist in decision making which also can be based on a GIS based platform tool for
integrity-related decision making. Such application can perform comprehensive Risk & Data Management capabilities.

This review paper shall demonstrate how AIMS at Dolphin Energy Limited has been evolving in the UAE by highlighting the
best practices in the industry.
2 IPTC 17320

1. AIMS Overview

The main objective of Dolphin Energy Limited (DEL) as an energy company is to operate its facilities, plants and pipeline
network in a safe and reliable manner so that customers are provided with a clean energy. At DEL because of the unique
demands of such a system, has developed the opportunity to build significant expertise in areas specific to the energy industry
known as “Asset Integrity Management”. This term broadly encompasses all that is needed to ensure that all assets and
pipeline systems have the fitness to function safely and reliably. This paper encompasses all the elements of an effective
AIMS that helped ensure the overall goal of the Company, i.e., to operate the assets and the system in such a way to ensure no
adverse effects on employees, the environment, the public or customers.

Other motives that would determine the necessity of such AIMS is the consistency with all industry requirements and
international standards and specifications. DEL goes beyond these basic requirements – choosing to opt for internally

Downloaded from http://onepetro.org/IPTCONF/proceedings-pdf/13IPTC/All-13IPTC/IPTC-17320-MS/1490180/iptc-17320-ms.pdf/1 by Petronas user on 21 February 2023

developed or industry-wide “best practice” conformance. This AIMS is based on best practice and relevant codes and
standards. Among the key elements of AIMS are performance measurement and quality control audits. Audit ensures that
AIMS remains efficient to sustain the integrity and reliability of the Company on-shore gas network in UAE.

2. AIMS Scope

AIMS addresses all DEL engineering assets and pipeline facilities in the United Arab Emirates. It is also DEL’s intention that
relevant research and development programs will be conducted with the involvement of the “AIM” specialists within the Asset
Integrity Department (AID) in order to address all AIM provisions of expertise related to welding, materials, coatings,
cathodic protection system, defect assessment, and failure investigation, etc. DEL’s AIMS specification is based on various
activities necessary for effective management, including:
 Prevention
 Monitoring
 Mitigation
 Assessment & Analysis
 Documentation; and Data Management

Within each of the structural elements listed above these are specific programs which are developed and implemented in order
to define and address very specific areas of AIM. For example, prevention programs covers: design and materials; coatings
specification and applications; cathodic protection infrastructure design and installation; and non-destructive examination.

At the heart of the AIMS execution are the individual tools that are selectively implemented. These tools can be multi-
functional or specific to individual programs.

Process: Common to all levels described above, programs and structure is the process, which is the consistent course of action
employed in order to achieve a known end result. Each of these elements is fully described in this document; a graphical
representation of the hierarchy is illustrated below:

3. AIMS Paradigm

Ensuring asset reliability and addressing stakeholder asset safety interests lies ar the heart of DEL working culture. The
universality of “ensuring asset safety” must be manifested within the style and approach of AIMS related programs and should
IPTC 17320 3

demonstrate the persona of DEL, the goals that are key to achieving success, and why DEL personnel should understand these
goals to be important and to be supported at all authority levels.

The in-depth processes of annual and ongoing programs should be subject to continual change and improvements but, the key
philosophical foundation of AIMS programs in general are the result of an inward look into the values of the organization, and
are more subject to evolution than revision. The following AIMS paradigms should usually woven into all integrity
management decisions.

3.1 Safety, Environment, and Reliability

AIMS was developed and implemented to ensure the overall goal of DEL: “to operate the assets and the system in such a way
that there are NO adverse effects on employees, the environment, the public or customers”. The goal should be defined by

Downloaded from http://onepetro.org/IPTCONF/proceedings-pdf/13IPTC/All-13IPTC/IPTC-17320-MS/1490180/iptc-17320-ms.pdf/1 by Petronas user on 21 February 2023

DEL’s philosophy of Operational Performance - zero injuries, zero accidents, zero releases and no (minimal potential
negative) impact to the public, the surrounding environment, and customers. The economic profit that drives the existence of
the Company should not compromise the ability of employees to address potential imminent concerns. In fact, DEL should
view the maintenance of assets reliability and the development of a dependable, easily communicated Integrity Philosophy and
programs as good business and key to future expansion and growth of the system.

3.2 Potential Threat to Asset Integrity

The “AIMS” was developed on the premise that the occurrence of defects will be prevented as best as reasonably practicable.
However, even under best efforts, assets and pipeline defects do eventually occur. DEL is placing great focus on proactively
understanding the type, extent, and the effect of all defects; as such, the intent is to identify defects before safety buffers are
compromised. Due to the criticality of DEL’s operations, geographic locations of its facilities and the routes of its pipelines
crossing some populated areas and rough terrains, the entire assets are subjected to the following threats:

Mitigation activities are implemented to address the risk associated with defects that exceed “specified tolerances” in a timely
fashion. For other defects not compromising operating tolerances, future continued deterioration should be arrested or
monitoring programs should be set up to address possible future continued defect growth.

3.3 Best Available Technology

The most appropriate technology available in the world is evaluated and implemented to prevent the onset of potential
concerns, to monitor existing conditions, and to mitigate the effects of defects. AID will actively seek to understand the
inventory of available integrity tools and potential benefits to its assets. The most sophisticated or costly technology is not
always the “best technology” and the utilization of the technology should be properly matched to the specific requirements of
any given asset. In all cases, the intention is to use sound engineering to ensure that the goals of “AIMS” plans are met and
these decisions are not compromised by deficient information or processes.

3.4 Specified Tolerances

Detailed engineering acceptance criteria are utilized in relation to assessing infrastructure fitness-for-purpose and for
measuring effectiveness of prevention, monitoring, & mitigation activities. These criteria are being formalized within
specifications and standards and, as a minimum, are based on industry codes; for example: the evaluation of metal loss due to
corrosion. The foundation for the practical use of these criteria is, however, rooted in high level values regarding asset safety.
Some DEL pipelines operate with the philosophy of “leaks are unacceptable” and “repair all known defects that will not
4 IPTC 17320

withstand 100% specified minimum yield strength pressure”. In order to achieve these tolerances, DEL should make an effort
to use the “best technology” to find defects, and conducts “defect management” to ensure defects are arrested or repaired in a
timely fashion.

3.5 Zero Leak Thresholds

In the energy industry, assets such as pipelines and other facilities are engineered and built with a balanced view to economic
viability and safe operation. By their nature as manmade structures exposed to operating regimes that cause deterioration,
related systems that are subject to human errors, and a structure that can be damaged by outside forces, in case of gas
pipelines, pipeline gas leaks are possible, although rare; the risk associated with gas leaks cannot be completely eliminated.
However, the commitment to use the “best technology” possible should be geared towards identifying potential integrity
defects and, when identified, any defect with a potential to compromise safety buffers or to grow to failure should be dealt

Downloaded from http://onepetro.org/IPTCONF/proceedings-pdf/13IPTC/All-13IPTC/IPTC-17320-MS/1490180/iptc-17320-ms.pdf/1 by Petronas user on 21 February 2023

with prior to failure. Furthermore, any known imminent problems should be dealt with immediately. Should a leak occur;
emergency response actions usually are implemented to minimize the impact.

3.6 Cost Optimization

Resource allocation should be conducted strategically to make best use of manpower, equipment, and knowledge. A controlled
and coordinated spending approach encourages process control, program formalization and a structured documentation
approach. The intention in this regard, should be to preplan or, look ahead to clarify spending needs in order to ensure the
primary objectives of asset integrity will be met. Consideration of future spending provides a platform for internal
communication and evaluation perhaps amongst a broad DEL audience, and affords the appropriate advance scheduling to
ensure the right resources are available. Strategic financing of maintenance expenditures should be part of running an effective
AIMS. This could be demonstrated through numerous approaches such as the bundling of activities, bulk purchasing and
related supply chain initiatives, and information technology solutions.

3.7 Asset Life-Span

At DEL, all of the AIMS programs will be approached considering that the assets must be maintained for a prolonged time,
much beyond its original design life (typically of 25 to 30 years).

Specific studies are made for “Life Enhancement” of those assets in DEL which are more than 20 years in service.

3.8 Deterministic vs. Probabilistic Focus

The AIMS focuses, wherever possible, on utilizing direct and quantitative (deterministic) data rather indirect and often
qualitative (probabilistic) measures as the information basis for decision making.

3.9 Expert-Based Decision Making

The AIMS is implemented with clear “up-and-down” lines of organizational responsibility and by qualified individuals who
continuously update their technical knowledge.

3.10 Predictive Maintenance Philosophy

It is understood by experience that there is an unintended time delay in identifying a problem (e.g., pipeline corrosion metal
loss, CP groundbed failure, etc.) and fixing it. Time is normally taken due to anomalies reporting, budget, approvals, tender,
contract execution, etc. It is also understood some problems are time dependent and irreversible (e.g., metal loss corrosion).
Therefore any delay in implementing the corrective measure may create an AIMS emergency scenario.

To avert above scenario, it is recommended to go for Predictive Maintenance Philosophy. It is risk come knowledge &
experience based, predictive approach and achieved by expert trend analysis. Sometimes by applying special tests, case
specific action plans, sophisticated models/tools, prioritizing techniques, etc.
IPTC 17320 5

4. AIMS Structural Framework

In order to realize DEL’s vision of implementing a total and effective AIMS, the system shall have the following elements in
place:

 Interoperable software tools

 Effective AIM framework
 Effective Organization and Quality Manpower

Downloaded from http://onepetro.org/IPTCONF/proceedings-pdf/13IPTC/All-13IPTC/IPTC-17320-MS/1490180/iptc-17320-ms.pdf/1 by Petronas user on 21 February 2023

4.1 Computerized Management Systems

The key objective is to enable an efficient, auditable and well-structured integrity process to support the Company in its day-
to-day work. This approach to asset integrity is broken down into following:

 Processing – Information on design and construction is integrated and operational measures taken by complex
systems are continuously stored and analyzed.
 Inspection and Testing – Throughout their lifetime, assets are continually inspected and tested; in the process,
data is generated documenting asset condition.
 Asset Integrity Management – Inspection and testing results are evaluated in terms of compliance with
regulatory requirements and corrective actions are proposed.
 Rehabilitation – Finally, corrective actions are implemented and monitored; all results are systematically
reported and stored.

Within AID, powerful software is being employed to meet the above functions which have the capacity to serve as a full
databank with impressive search capability to provide full storage and easy access of the following:

 All information on UAE gas network in digital form

 Geographically integrated in a GIS system
 Interfaced and linked to all other related EDMS within DEL, such as reports, drawings, certificates, etc.
 A functional grid model with all grid data in one place

4.2 Pipeline Integrity Management Framework

Combination of manuals, procedures, instructions and software tools make up an effective overall Management System.
6 IPTC 17320

Total Pipeline Integrity Framework

Integrity Performance Management of Communication Quality Control

Management Measurement Change Program System

4.2 Integrity Management Cycle

Downloaded from http://onepetro.org/IPTCONF/proceedings-pdf/13IPTC/All-13IPTC/IPTC-17320-MS/1490180/iptc-17320-ms.pdf/1 by Petronas user on 21 February 2023

Data
Gathering/
Pipeline Risk &
Verification Integrity Management
System (PRIMS)
Repair & Risk
=

Mitigations Assessment

Electronic Business
Integrity Operations System
Assessment
(e-BOS)

4.3 Performance Measurement

Performance is measured from top to bottom using leading and lagging indicators and reviewed on quarterly basis.
IPTC 17320 7

System
Division Level Availability &
Reliability

 P/L
Availability
Department & Reliability
Level 

Downloaded from http://onepetro.org/IPTCONF/proceedings-pdf/13IPTC/All-13IPTC/IPTC-17320-MS/1490180/iptc-17320-ms.pdf/1 by Petronas user on 21 February 2023

PM
Pipeline  P/L
Reliability and Inspection
Integrity
Performance
Management  PM
Section Level  P/L
Inspection
 P/L Repair

 PM
 P/L
Individual Level Inspection
 P/L Repair

Individual Performance contract (IPC) is the platform used to capture the performances.

Key Performance Indicators (KPI) is established in order to continue monitor the performance of AIMS.

4.4 Management of Change

4.5 Communication Program

Communication of AIMS ssues:

8 IPTC 17320

Downloaded from http://onepetro.org/IPTCONF/proceedings-pdf/13IPTC/All-13IPTC/IPTC-17320-MS/1490180/iptc-17320-ms.pdf/1 by Petronas user on 21 February 2023

4.6 Quality Control System

 Internal Audit is carried out on a yearly basis to ensure AIMS in place is implemented, maintained, and
remains effective.
 These Audit exercise should assist the organization to sustain its record performance.

4.7 Audit Exercises

5. AIMS Prevention Programmes

The approach of this AIMS is pro-active; believing that asset safety and reliability must start with prevention. This includes
rigorous quality control and quality assurance programs related to design and materials (encompassing welding and pressure
testing related to projects), coatings, cathodic protection system infrastructure, and non-destructive examination. In so doing,
IPTC 17320 9

it is essential that potential problems that can be associated with new facilities – along with the possible acceleration of time-
dependent issues - are minimized to none. Prevention of asset integrity concerns is often predicated on the initial quality of the
infrastructure, since using the best available infrastructure technology in both the maintenance of the existing system and in
new assets minimizes the potential for concerns to begin at all. The following process elements ensure that all new
construction and maintenance activities are conducted with this end in mind:

5.1 Project Development

AID should be involved in the earliest stages of potential projects where integrity issues are relevant via participation on the
initial project development teams. This commitment should continue through participation in the project approval processes.
AIMS interests should also be represented at the earliest stages of all projects; including those affecting the existing
infrastructure, along with those dealing with operational considerations – to ensure that all potential projects are properly

Downloaded from http://onepetro.org/IPTCONF/proceedings-pdf/13IPTC/All-13IPTC/IPTC-17320-MS/1490180/iptc-17320-ms.pdf/1 by Petronas user on 21 February 2023

evolved. This should also include the involvement of the appropriate technical experts as projects continue to the approval
stages.

5.2 Project Design

Technical expertise from AID are key parts of detailed design development for all infrastructure-related projects or those with
possible implications to AIM. The Asset Integrity team typically reviews and must sign-off on all “Project Design Basis”.
“AIM” interests should become formalized as projects move into the design stages, and this element should include
participation in design teams and project design documents sign-off.

5.3 Specification Development

Asset Integrity Specialists should also be part of the development of standards, specifications, and procedures relevant to
AIMS, including: welding, materials specifications, coatings, cathodic protection infrastructure, In-Line Inspection
operations, non-destructive examination, and pressure testing. It should be the responsibility of the parties coordinating or
conducting the work to ensure that these provisions are strictly followed.

5.4 Material Selection

AID technical experts advise on material selection issues. This foundation should be enhanced by ongoing training and project
assignments. Collectively, this expertise is usually applied on a project-specific basis, where the most appropriate materials
decisions for the needs of the project are made.

5.5 Construction

Although actual asset construction is usually managed by others within DEL, the Asset Integrity personnel should nonetheless
be involved in key aspects of construction, particularly welding. AID should maintain custodial responsibility for the Welding
Procedures, which should include detailed standards, procedures, and related information specific to:
 Welder Qualification
 Maintenance and Repair Welding

5.6 Inspection

As part of the construction activities, assembly workmanship should be checked in several ways. In-coming materials should
be validated through a project-specific quality assurance / quality control process. Qualified and experienced construction
inspectors monitor construction practices to identify any deviations from standard procedures. Non-destructive examination
procedures – such as x-ray and ultrasonic inspection – should also be employed to provide quantitative integrity verification.

5.7 Integrity Verification

Once built, the integrity of new asset or a facility should be verified through pressure testing or an alternative means.
Repairs/replacements on existing facilities should include pre-tested components whenever possible.

5.8 Coatings & Paintings

Although the subject of coatings and paintings can be considered part of the design and material process, they are dealt with
separately in this document because of their significant importance in AIMS overall. The following process elements are
relevant to the coatings-related work that should be conducted by the AID:
10 IPTC 17320

 Coating Selection
 Coating Application
 Coating Inspection
 Operational Rehabilitation

5.9 Cathodic Protection System

AID assumes the overall management of the Cathodic Protection System of the UAE Gas Network that includes Cathodic
Protection-related studies / research on an as-needed basis. The Cathodic Protection Specialist within the AID provides
technical expertise to assist in project and operational needs as well as more direct implementation focus, including
accountability to ensure cathodic protection functionality by completion of necessary surveys and executing any repairs of

Downloaded from http://onepetro.org/IPTCONF/proceedings-pdf/13IPTC/All-13IPTC/IPTC-17320-MS/1490180/iptc-17320-ms.pdf/1 by Petronas user on 21 February 2023

upgrades warranted. In addition, identifying and installing new cathodic protection systems.

Details of cathodic protection-related requirements are fully described in Cathodic Protection Specifications and Procedures.
These specifications and procedures are accessible companywide electronically. Details pertaining to the design and
installation of cathodic protection systems are also included in such documents. Integrity specialists should maintain technical
and general information related to cathodic protection systems. It should be the responsibility of those parties initiating any
changes to these systems to ensure that design documentations are accurately updated.

6. AIMS Monitoring Programmes

Although the most rigorous design and verification standards are adopted initially, with time a generally aging infrastructure
does become susceptible to the manifestation of time-dependent failure mechanisms such as metal loss (corrosion) and
material defect propagation (cracking). Thus, DEL’s AIM is also dependent on a structured and continuous monitoring
program, including: cathodic protection system maintenance; on-line and in-line intelligent inspection; internal/external
corrosion monitoring; and cracking.

The following elements ensure that the goals of the AIMS “monitoring” component is effectively addressed:

6.1 Operational Monitoring

As part of day-to-day operations, the infrastructure and related systems should either be discretely monitored at regular
intervals (i.e.: cathodic protection systems functionality, Corrosion and metal loss growth, etc.) or evaluated as part other
activities (i.e.: assessing coating condition during tie-in work).

6.2 Long-Term Planning

Large-scale monitoring programs - such as in-line inspection (ILI) for pipelines– should be planned well in advance, based on
known conditions, consideration of emerging issues, and conservative return period assumptions.

6.3 Data Collection

Specific Integrity management sub-programs targeting specific issues (i.e.: external corrosion, cracking, geometric anomalies,
etc.) should utilize the most appropriate tools to collect highest quality, data relevant to the particular interest. The information
regarding the condition of any asset or infrastructure should be reviewed by technical experts, who should also develop action
plans to address both immediate and long-term concerns. In cases where an issue of concern emerges (i.e.: Cracking or
External Corrosion, etc.), resources should be devoted to understanding the matter and developing comprehensive action plans
that are most often begun with some form of condition monitoring.

6.4 In Line Inspection (ILI)

The most comprehensive and efficient technique to assess both the external and internal condition of the pipeline is the use of
intelligent in-line inspection (ILI) tools. Increasingly sophisticated in-line inspection (ILI) technologies is thus a vital
component in DELs’ AIMS, and are used to measure the size, frequency, and location of even minute changes in the wall
thickness. This allows Asset Integrity personnel to assess the presence of geometric, materials-related, and metal loss defects
throughout the pipe body – including both internal and external surfaces – on a millimeter by millimeter scale. The following
process elements describe the in-line inspection monitoring program:
IPTC 17320 11

 Planning
 Project Management
 Corrosion Monitoring
 Cracking related anomalies

7. AIMS Monitoring Programmes

In case of any potential issue identified through monitoring activities, they should be effectively mitigated in order to ensure
integrity. In this regard, in-field maintenance should be appropriately applied. The following elements ensure that the goals of
the AIM “mitigation” component are effectively addressed:

Downloaded from http://onepetro.org/IPTCONF/proceedings-pdf/13IPTC/All-13IPTC/IPTC-17320-MS/1490180/iptc-17320-ms.pdf/1 by Petronas user on 21 February 2023

7.1 Comprehensive Response

Although certain issues – such as minor pitting corrosion – are not of immediate concern, they can potentially develop into
larger-scale problems if left un-checked. As such, regular preventative maintenance programs are developed to minimize the
potential manifestation of these issues (i.e.: scheduled ultrasonic detection and measurement technique).

7.2 Targeted Mitigation

In case of some concerns identified via the monitoring processes that warrant immediate investigation or repair; in these
instances, in-field work should be initiated to address these specific issues.

7.3 Remedial Design Modifications

In case of designing a gas pipeline system, one objective is to limit the opportunity for internal corrosion to occur. This
objective is most often achieved in the elimination of “dead legs”. However, internal corrosion considerations were not always
the top priority during initial design. Further, it is also quite common for the future operating regime to differ from the
original design parameters such that internal corrosion is impossible to prevent with operating conditions alone. In these
instances, DEL should rely on an infrastructure revision to ensure that the system in-place is fitted with operating practices.

7.4 Pipeline Internal Cleaning

Often, mechanical cleaning is necessary to clean the interior surface of the pipeline and remove any sediment deposits.
However, it should also be noted that the use of mechanical cleaning alone will certainly not achieve the benefits of a
cleaning/chemical inhibition program given that internal corrosion rates are a naturally decaying function. That is, in case of
uncoated pipelines, the rate peaks to its highest point early in the life of a corrosion feature and decreases over time; in reality,
the vast majority of internal corrosion features have periods of no growth. If the area is disturbed and the most recently
corroded surface is exposed to water and sediment, the net effect is refreshing the decay function at the highest corrosion rate.
The long-term effect of this procedure can significantly shorten the life of a pipeline system unless the operation is conducted
so frequently as to not allow the initiation of any internal corrosion, which is usually not manageable in some cases.

7.5 In-Field Maintenance

While the application of the latest technology of ILI Tools provides accurate “snap-shot in time” data with respect to the
integrity of the pipeline system, in-field maintenance is the heart of proactive integrity Management. This maintenance could
include:
 Excavation Maintenance
 Partial/Full Replacement
 Asset Rehabilitation
 Site/Location Selection
 Program Execution
 Pipe Repairs

8. Assessment & Analysis

Leveraging the documentation discussed immediately above - along with the core structural elements – is the key area of
trending and analysis, which is intended to manage the needed changes and provide a measure of effectiveness by closing the
12 IPTC 17320

loop on all AIM-related activities. This could include: corrosion growth trending; defect data validation; failure investigation;
and defect assessment. The following elements ensure that the goals of the AIMS “Assessments & analysis” component is
effectively addressed:

8.1 Data Analysis

When data is collected from the monitoring and mitigation components, it should be assessed and analyzed utilizing
recognized standards and methodologies in order to gain more detailed understanding of the relevant issues.

8.2 Data Enhancement

Maximizing the informative potential of data collected as part of the core AIMS elements is an important part of improving

Downloaded from http://onepetro.org/IPTCONF/proceedings-pdf/13IPTC/All-13IPTC/IPTC-17320-MS/1490180/iptc-17320-ms.pdf/1 by Petronas user on 21 February 2023

trending and analysis practices. This includes exercises such as comparative in-line inspection tool run validation, quantitative
corrosion growth estimation, and the development integrative software applications.

8.3 Incident Response

In cases where anomalies deteriorate to cause a leak or rupture, AIM technical experts should be consulted on response efforts,
coordinate failure investigation and causal analysis activities, and review existing programs to ensure that learning is
appropriately incorporated in the DEL AIMS.

8.4 Defect Data Validation

Data validation studies intended to confirm in-line inspection tool reliability. Broadly, this entails statistical assessment of tool
data in comparison to field-collected data as part of the maintenance program. Specifically, pipeline condition can be recorded
and documented in the field including all details of defect size; location, etc. This information could be scanned electronically
and compared to in-line inspection data by implementing statistical algorithms and pattern recognition software. This method
could also be used to compare several different inspection tools on several different pipeline segments, and this could result in
obtaining the “confidence intervals” for each specific inspection tool.

8.5 Geographical Information System (GIS)

The GIS could provide a simultaneous viewing of critical information including asset integrity-specific data such as
inspection, corrosion growth, and asset details, along with other pertinent factors such as topographic, hydrographic,
transportation, and natural/foreign crossing specifics, etc. The intent of any GIS system is to transform related but fractured
"data" to true useable "information". This will:

 Improve the efficiency of DEL staff

 Improve the effectiveness of the integrity-related decision making
 Provide an IT platform for future integrity requirements

8.6 Failure Investigation

In case of an incident of failure, DEL AID should take an active role in both responding to failures on the system and
coordinating follow-up activities.

All assets and facility-related incidents should be communicated to AID through formal notification channels. Should the
incident be of a magnitude to warrant more immediate attention from Integrity personnel, the responsible Operations personnel
may also initiate informal communication – usually in the form of a telephone call to the Integrity Specialists. All asset failures
require investigation – that in turn should include the appropriate follow-up. Causal analysis should be generally coordinated
by Integrity personnel, however the actual analysis most likely be conducted by a recognized third-party laboratory that is
qualified to conduct the specimen evaluation and causal determination work. In addition, “Root Cause Analysis” RCA could
also be considered by QHSE department using Tap-Root Analysis and presented to management considerations.

8.7 Defect Assessment

This is one of the key areas of AIMS that includes the understanding of the specifics of the existing defects (if any) to allow
for objective assessment of their injurious potential (i.e.: defect assessment). If any portion or section of a certain facility or
IPTC 17320 13

pipeline is exposed and a defect identified, the structural stability of the asset or the infrastructure must be verified. The
methodology used to assess the structure varies according to the level of desired risk mitigation and other factors such as the
cost of the ultimate repair and the long term plans for the asset. Generally and in the case of buried structures such as
pipelines, the complexity of the in-the-ditch structural assessment can progress from simple charts of allowable lengths and
depths of corrosion to complex finite element modeling by lasers or other sophisticated methods to determine if the area needs
to be repaired and/or reinforced. Obviously, there is a cut-off point when the cost of the assessment meets or exceeds the cost
of installing additional metal for the repair.

Initial Screening: The first level of assessment for metal loss would consist of applying the ANSI/ASME B31G formulae,
which is a very conservative assessment that provides a maximum length of allowable corrosion/metal loss for each maximum
depth of pitting for every pipe diameter and wall thickness. The benefit to using such an assessment methodology is that it can
be easily applied by staff with basic skills in measuring techniques and literacy with basic mathematics; however, it also

Downloaded from http://onepetro.org/IPTCONF/proceedings-pdf/13IPTC/All-13IPTC/IPTC-17320-MS/1490180/iptc-17320-ms.pdf/1 by Petronas user on 21 February 2023

consistently results in a very conservative assessment. Nonetheless, it is appropriate to use this type of conservative approach
in areas of higher sensitivity (i.e. class 3 locations, environmentally sensitive, etc) or as a screening technique for a more
complex assessment procedure. Should a particular defect pass this screening, it should simply be removed (i.e.: sandblasted)
and arrested (i.e.: re-coated).

Secondary Assessment: In order to conduct a second level of assessment, it is recommended to use a portable “heavy duty”
computer as essential equipment. Second level assessments consist of using the model described in the ANSI/ASME
Modified B31G, which entails the application of a more sophisticated “Remaining Strength” (or “RStreng”) program to more
accurately model the behavior of the defect at different pressures. In order to use RStreng software, an experienced technician
or engineer measures the depth length and width of each corrosion/metal loss feature using either a pit gauge or a digital
caliper gauges or hand held pen-point ultrasonic probes. The information on the trapezoidal profile of the corrosion/metal loss
is then input into the program and a safe operating pressure is determined. The resulting calculation then mandates whether
the defect must be structurally reinforced and/or the pipe line operating pressure be reduced - or if the region of corrosion can
be simply cleaned and re-coated with no structural repair.

9. AIMS Information Management

A critical component in the effective AIMS is the rigorous documentation of existing and future processes, procedures,
philosophies, decisions, outcomes, and plans. This may include, but not limited to: general record keeping; AIMS database;
detailed Operational Reliability Assessments; and administrative document management.

9.1 Inspections Records

Depending on the date of the inspection, this may include hard-copy and electronic reports as well as raw data for specific
anomalies. The most recent in-line inspection runs are generally reported in both paper and electronic formats, all historical
and current inspection reports are summarized in a searchable database that provides run specifics as well as report access
information.

9.2 In-field Maintenance Records

These include a comprehensive documentation of asset integrity-related maintenance and repairs in hard-copy format. As well,
maintenance program related information that should be accessible on-line. It is also beneficial to digitize all hard-copy
reports. All details of asset integrity reports, correspondences and documents should be maintained on-line, within the
departmental filing system, or a Library. The scope and categories should include:

 Design and Materials (including Welding)

 Coatings
 Cathodic Protection
 Non-Destructive Testing
 Failure Investigation
 Defect Assessment
 Pressure testing
 Task Risk Assessments
 Corrosion Monitoring
 Mitigation & Repair
 Administration
 Others, as appropriate
14 IPTC 17320

9.3 Engineering & Projects Document

Original asset details, such as: manufacturer details, date of manufacture, category, material, standard / specification, seam /
girth weld type, grade, welder identification, non-destructive examination, original coating specifics, weld maps, heat number,
cathodic protection system design, construction drawings, etc.

9.4 AIMS Specifications

The AIMS is intended to formalize and document all programs and processes within DEL’s future Asset Integrity scope of
work. In addition, this work is also intended to identify any potential gaps in current approaches, thus allowing for the
implementation of solutions in these problem areas. The review process of this AIMS should involve all related personnel

Downloaded from http://onepetro.org/IPTCONF/proceedings-pdf/13IPTC/All-13IPTC/IPTC-17320-MS/1490180/iptc-17320-ms.pdf/1 by Petronas user on 21 February 2023

within Dolphin Energy Limited, it should include a formalized review process and stipulated custodial responsibility.

9.5 Operational Reliability Assessments (ORA)

As a newly established operation, DEL Energy Limited is conducting a full-blown “Operational Reliability Assessment” of all
assets and pipelines for future purposes. These “ORA” should typically entail detailed reviews and documentation of all
relevant information and findings relevant to the future operations of the subject asset or pipeline.

9.6 Information & Documentation Management

Document Management is an important component of an effective AIMS. It is highly possible that the integrity management
activities will generate large volumes of information, and this documentation should be readily accessible in order to provide
timely responses to internal needs as well as stakeholder requirements. The Electronic Document Management System
(EDMS) at DEL (known as EzDELCOM) is an excellent tool in providing such a platform. This will organize electronic and
paper documents, allowing for efficient access to and the effective use of such information.

10. AIMS Development Programms

10.1 Indirect Integrity Assessment

Although the asset integrity programs perhaps will rely heavily on the use of advanced inspection technologies, this is not
always feasible, as is the case with station and facility piping and main-line laterals for example. Nonetheless, a proactive
approach to integrity philosophy can still be undertaken. Hence detailed plans should be developed to address these areas.

10.2 Integrity Risk Management

The AIMS risk management at DEL is based on the probability of minimization that is, no conditions or defects known to
have the potential for leakage or rupture should be left un-addressed. However, within this approach, it is recognized that
there may be opportunities to the:

 Consideration of potential consequences in conjunction with probability and identification of areas of

substantial risk that may not be apparent when considering solely incident probability; and
 Evaluation of the available programs in order to identify areas of excessive probabilistic conservatism, thus
optimizing expenditures.

In addition to the general considerations of an expert-based risk program, more formal tools should also be pursed. Risk
assessment software is utilized to this effort that proves to be successful in gas industry.

10.3 Research and Development

In future, and depending on the requirements, DEL may consider joint industry partnerships in order to evaluate and further
develop new technologies that allow for the enhanced safety of its assets and pipeline system. This includes things such as
improved pipe coatings, cathodic protection, innovative diagnostic and maintenance tools, increasingly sophisticated data
analysis tools.
IPTC 17320 15

11. Conclusions

To succeed and to achieve its desired results in most techno-economic manner, tools must be in place to support AIMS that
include documents, databases, assessment software modules, manuals, procedures, equipments, instruments, ILI tools,
engineering software calculators, etc.

AIMS implementation with clear “up-and-down” lines of organizational responsibility utilizing qualified individuals where
organizational responsibilities are clear, defined, and documented is considered the backbone of AIMS.

This review paper has given a glimps how AIMS at Dolphin Energy Limited have been evolving in the UAE, by recorgising
and implementing the best practices in the industry.

Downloaded from http://onepetro.org/IPTCONF/proceedings-pdf/13IPTC/All-13IPTC/IPTC-17320-MS/1490180/iptc-17320-ms.pdf/1 by Petronas user on 21 February 2023

12. Abbreviations

The following abbreviations are used in this paper:

AID Asset Integrity Department

AIM Asset Integrity Management
AIMS Asset Integrity Management System
ASME Amereian Society of Mechanical Engineers
CP Cathodic Protection
DEL Dolphin Energy Limited
EDMS Electronic Document Management System
GIS Geographical Information System
ILI In-Line Inspection
KPI Key Performance Indicator
QHSE Quality, Health, Safety & Environment
QA/QC Quality Control / Quality Assurance
NACE National Association of Corrosion Engineers
NCR Non Conformance Report
RBI Risk Based Inspection
RCA Root Cause Analysis
UAE United Arab Emirates