Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region III- Central Luzon
BECURAN HIGH SCHOOL
Sta. Rita, Pampanga

English for Academic and Professional Purposes

Quarter 3- Module 2

Types of Text Structures

 The Types of Writing

1. Narrative – This is the basic structure that writers use in presenting ideas. This may inform
through illustration and anecdotes, entertain readers through stories, predict what will happen next or
explain how something works or happens. This can be any of the following:

a. Objective - Presents an objective timeline or details for accuracy.

b. Subjective - Presents an insightful point of view, depending on the writer’s feelings.

2. Argumentative - This goes beyond giving information, writers use this to let readers understand
their side of an argument, with analysis and support to their claims, this should have valid reasoning and
enough evidence.

3. Informational – This basically just to develop ideas using techniques to present details and well-
chosen sequences.

 Types of Text Structures

1. Definition – used in explaining unfamiliar terms either to explain or to convince.

a. Standard Definition – Universally-accepted and rarely changes.
For example: definition of essay.

b. Regulatory Definition – Assigned meanings based on an organization, regulating body

and changes on situations.
For example: classification of typhoon signal as per PAG-ASA

c. Personal Definition – This depends on the interpretations of the writer and as experienced
by the writer.
For Example: what is a true friend?

d. Invented Definition – Given meanings to word coined and as used by society.

For example: the definition of “first blood” in Mobile Legends.

2. Description - used by writers to describe something. These may be an object, a person, place,
experience, emotion, situation, event, etc.

3. Classification – used by writers to organize ideas into categories.

For example: kinds of On-line games.

4. Comparison and Contrast – used to show how two ideas are alike and different. Writers present
information by chunks and by following a sequence.
 For example: IOS and android are both system used in mobile cellular phones. IOS
is a more closed system which does not allow customer or user customization while android
system is more open as it allows users or customers to download a wider variety of
applications.

5. Cause and Effect – used to explain why things happen, and the results of a certain
phenomenon. Writers enumerate factors and possible outcomes resulting to phenomena or events.

6. Chronological – used to show order of things, how something happens and the logical
arrangement of things. This structure lends itself in other text structures in a sense that in narrating writers
need to present a timeline of events; in persuading people, writers enumerate evidence in a sequence.

7. Problem and Solution – used in showing patterns of organization where a dilemma is explained
either through a solution or a dilemma is explained and a solution/s is/are given.