INTRODUCTION

TO
STATISTICS
STATISTICS
Statistics is a branch of
mathematics that deals
with the collection,
organization,
presentation, analysis,
and interpretation of
data.
Statistics derived from
the Latin word “status”
which means state.
 WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF
STATISTICS IN ECONOMICS,
BUSINESS, GOVERNMENT AND IN
MEDICINE?
DATA
set of values of qualitative or quantitative variables from
which conclusions can be drawn to answer the problem
posed at the start of the study.

POPULATION
is a collection of sets of people, objects, measurements, or
happenings that belong to a defined group.

SAMPLE
is a subset of the population.
 2 TYPES OF STATISTICS

Descriptive Inferential
Statistics Statistics

is used in collecting, is used in making

presenting, and decisions and
interpreting conclusion.
sample data.
 STATISTICAL INSTRUMENTS

INTERVIEW QUESTIONNAIRE

OBSERVATION EXPERIMENTATION

CENSUS
 STATISTICAL INSTRUMENTS

1. INTERVIEW
It is a method that requires a face-to-face encounter
with the respondent.
2. QUESTIONNAIRE
It is a method that needs written questions to be
distributed to the respondents.
3. OBSERVATION
It is a method that needs the different human senses.
 STATISTICAL INSTRUMENTS

4. EXPERIMENTATION
It is a method that is conducted in laboratories
wherein the sample or specimen is being evaluated.

5. CENSUS

It is a method that requires systematically

enumerating and acquiring and recording information.
 TYPES OF SAMPLE

SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING

SYSTEMATIC RANDOM SAMPLING

STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLING

 TYPES OF SAMPLE

SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING

is a method by which every element of a population has
a chance of being included in a sample.

SYSTEMATIC RANDOM SAMPLING

is a sampling procedure with a random start.

STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLING

is usually employed when the population is composed of
several strata or subgroups.
SIMPLE RANDOM SYSTEMATIC
SAMPLING RANDOM SAMPLING

STRATIFIED
RANDOM SAMPLING
 CLASSIFICATIONS OF DATA

QUALITATIVE DATA QUANTITATIVE DATA

It refers to categorical It refers to numerical

data or descriptive information. Example:
attributes. Example: age, height, weight,
gender, color, physical score, income
traits, citizenship