INTRODUCTION TO AI

UNIT 1
CLASS 9
CONTENT

 EXCITE
 INTRODUCTION TO AI
 AI – TYPES AND TECHNIQUES
 APPLICATIONS OF AI
 DOMAINS OF AI
 INTRODUCTION

AI is the field of conceiving , designing and developing machines

which should perform tasks that usually require human intelligence.

AI is the art and science of developing machines running on intelligent

Algorithms that make them capable of thinking, acting and
Learning like human beings.

BROWSER SIGNATURE or BROWSER FINGER PRINTING – We are tracked

Right from the moment we logon to any online platform until we logoff. Websites and
Apps are programmed to track us in various ways which is called browsing signature
 WHY DO YOU WANT TO LEARN ABOUT AI?

AI in future will cover all the domains and application area which can be influenced by it
In a revolutionary manner.

Medical and Health care, Research and development, Manufacturing, Sales, Travel, Education,
Defense, Real Estate etc.

AI , as a field has remarkable scope in career building no matter which domain you belong to.
 AI

• AI was first coined by John McCarthy in 1956.

• The ability of machine to think and learn is called AI.
• According to McCarthy , AI is the science and engineering of making intelligent
machines

• ACTIVITY : Think of zooming in a little farther into future. Let us assume , after a
decade, how is AI going to influence our life and help us in our day-to-day activities?
 AI CHALLENGES

• Retain the facts as knowledge

• Recall the knowledge in a situation
• Think, analyse and apply logic
• Make useful and accurate predictions
• Make decision and upgrade their intelligence algorithm themselves
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE VS HUMAN INTELLIGENCE

AREA HUMAN INTELLIGENCE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Cognitive Behaviour Based on cognitive behaviour Uses models to mimic human
behaviour
Nature Natural Artificial
Adaptability Human Insights are adaptable AI takes much more time to adjust to
in reaction to the changes of unfamiliar changes.
environment
Decision Making Decision can be biased Decisions are unbiased
Speed Takes time, depending on the Solve complex problems within
problem milliseconds
 NATURE OF INTELLIGENCE

• INTELLIGENCE IS COMPOSED OF,

• Perception – perceiving things from environment is called perception. AI use sensors
like cameras, scanners, photo sensor, thermal sensor etc.
• Learning – AI learn through trial and error. Eg CHESS PLAYED BY CPU
• Problem Solving – Looking and finding possible solution. Machine needs to be trained
to choose the best solution.
• Reasoning – Reasoning are of two types
• Deductive Reasoning – facts are analysed and guarantee a conclusion
• Inductive Reasoning – facts support conclusion without any Guarantee

• Linguistic Intelligence (Language) – It contains grammar and words, homophones,

synonyms, symbols, signs etc.

• Identify the regular task and special task for human and computer.
 ACTIVITY - DREAM SMART HOME

• Draw the floor plan of your Dream Smart Home

 Chapter 2
AI TYPES AND
TECHNIQUES
 GOALS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

• Reasoning and Problem Solving

• Knowledge Representation – Configuration of information in order to store, retrieve and
manipulate it.
• Planning – The system should have insight to set future goals and plan accordingly in advance
to achieve them.
• Learning – AI should automatically improve through experience, known as machine learning.
• Social Intelligence – AI aspires to develop systems that can recognize, interpret, process,
mimic and presict human behaviour and emotions.
• Creativity – AI should display out of box approach to problems and novel, never seen before
output.
• General Intelligence – Integrate Artificial general intelligence in their systems which will be
able to out do the intelligence and skills of human being in every aspects.
HOW DO YOU THINK AI CAN HELP YOU AS YOU
GO ABOUT YOUR DAILY LIFE?
FILL IN YOUR IDEAS
 CLASSIFICATION OF AI

Based on
Based on capabilities
functionalities

Artificial Artificial Artificial Theory of

Narrow General Super Reactive Limited mind and
Intelligence Intelligence Intelligence Machines Memory self
(ANI) (AGI) (ASI) awareness

Also called weak Also called strong

intelligence intelligence
 BASED ON CAPABILITIES

• ANI (ARTIFICIAL NARROW INTELLIGENCE) –

• Perform a dedicated assigned task
• Limited to a particular filed of application
• Has a predefined set of functions

• AGI (ARTIFICIAL GENERAL INTELLIGENCE)

• Perform a variety of tasks in changing context like responding to a question in different
ways.
• Smart like humans. Think and respond like human do
• Capable of applying retained knowledge to solve new problems
 BASED ON FUNCTIONALITIES
• REACTIVE MACHINES –
• It knows to respond to particular stimuli on the basis of a set of rules.
• Most basic type of AI that do not store learning by previous problem solving.
• LIMITED MEMORY –
• It is equipped with the logic of sensing the changes occurring around
• Self driven cars, chat bots and customer response system are based on limited memory
functionality.
• THEORY OF MIND –
• Capable of interacting socially
• Able to respond based on others emotions and gestures.
• SELF AWARENESS-
• Truly intelligent machines
• Ongoing and future project
 ACTIVITY – WORD ASSOCIATION GAME

• https://research.google.com/semantris/
• Click PLAY BUTTON
It shows a set of blocks with words. You need to enter a clue for any word and AI system
tries to guess the related word.

EXAMPLE – if you type : vast blue waves, AI will guess the word OCEAN
 HOW DOES AI WORK

• AI is based on data
• Filters based algorithm to work on data
• ANN(artificial neural network)
• In 1954, Farley and Clark developed a 128 neurons system which could memorise simple
pattern
• The algorithm was developed in such a way that each neuron was able to hold the
information taught to it by a computer program.
 MACHINE LEARNING

• SUPERVISED ML-
• UNSUPERVISED ML AND DEEP LEARNING
• REINFORCEMENT LEARNING
 ACTIVITY

• Visit https://quickdraw.withgoogle.com/
• Machine will predict what you draw on screen